• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.592-608
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• 2010

This study investigates the diurnal pattern of transit ridership in the Metropolitan Seoul area. For the purpose, we use a weekday Smart Card passenger transaction data in 2005. Eleven passenger trip patterns are found from 2.74 million passengers moving on the Metropolitan Seoul Metro system. Among them, we analyze 2.4 million passengers blonging to five trip types having only one or two transaction record during a day. A total of 357 metro stations are classified to four types according to their diurnal pattern of passenger riderships. We analyze the relationships between passenger's trip chain patterns and subway station's diurnal transit ridership patterns. The result shows that the ratio of the number of passengers of particular time of the day is hierarchically related with trip chain patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.586-595
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• 2015

Based on an observation that tag-out times of passengers from Smart Card data were clustered, Hong et al.[1] recently developed a precise algorithm that detects a logical path for metro passengers. The logical path means the sequence of train boarding and alighting. In this paper, we observe that tag-out times of passengers in Seoul Metro Line 9 were also clustered; we trace an actual logical path of passengers by applying the algorithm. As a result, we identify 91% of passengers successfully and find their logical paths; we also investigate passengers'preferences between express and local trains.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2010

Pasig River is an important river in the Metro Manila, Philippines, since it provides food, livelihood and transport to its residents, and connects two major water bodies; Laguna de Bay and Manila Bay. However, it is now considered to be the toilet bowl of Metro Manila due to the large amount of wastes dumped into the river. Even with the efforts of the government to revive the quality of the Pasig River and its tributaries, it continues to deteriorate over time. This paper provides an overview of the current condition of the Pasig River. The existing water management policies were reviewed, and the issues and challenges hindering the improvement of its water quality identified. Moreover, the water qualities of the rivers in Metro Manila were compared to those of the major rivers in South Korea. The current watershed management system practiced by South Korea has been discussed to serve as a guideline for future recovery of the water quality of the rivers in the Philippines.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.480-488
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• 2009

A channel-shared modified accelerative pre-allocation wavelength division multiple access (CMAP-WDMA) media access control (MAC) has been proposed for metro-WDMA networks, as an extension of modified pre-allocation wavelength division multiple access (MAP-WDMA) MAC protocol. Similarly, CAP WDMA as an extension of accelerative pre-allocation wavelength division multiple access (AP-WDMA) MAC protocol. Performance of CMAP- and CAP-WDMA was extensively investigated under several channel sharing methods (CSMs), asymmetric traffic load patterns (TLPs), and non-uniform traffic distribution patterns (TDPs). The result showed that the channel utilization of the CMAP-WDMA always outperforms that of CAP-WDMA at the expense of longer channel access delay for channel shared case while CMAP-WDMA provided higher channel utilization at specific network conditions but always shorter channel access delay than CAP-WDMA for non-channel shared case. Additionally both for CMAP- and CAP-WDMA, determining an effective CSM is a critical design issue because TDPs and TLPs can be neither managed nor expected while CSM is manageable, and the CSM supporting the best channel utilization can be recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.427-435
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• 2011

This paper deals with the measurement and analysis of the squeal noise according to the curvature of rail. The squeal noise is generated by the friction between the railway with curve and the wheel. The squeal noise is a big problem in Busan Metro Line 3. If the developing panel type ANC(Active Noise Control) system which is attached to the floor can reduce 5 dB in below 500 Hz, the sound pressure level of the whole band pass can be reduced about 4-4.8 dB in squeal noise above the curvature of R400. Curve squeal noise is the intense high frequency tonal that can occur when a railway vehicle transverses a curve. The frequency range is from around 500 to almost 20,000 Hz, with noise levels up to about 15 dB in curve.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.361-366
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• 2009

Amid the crisis of global climate change, interest in low carbon and energy-saving building has been increasingly growing. Korea is likely to be designated as one of the countries subject to CO2 reduction under the 'Post-2012 Climate System' The efforts to minimize the building energy has been made and in line with the increasing need of low carbon and eco-friendly building, a demand for building evaluation programs has been on the rise. However, the metro logical data which is necessary for such program has not been effectively provided and moreover, the source, calculation method and period remain uncertain. This study was intended to evaluate the regional typical metro logical data (ISO TRY) provided by Korean Solar Energy Society and compile the month of test reference years (TRY), and analyze the regional weather using dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature and solar irradiance which are regarded the representative metro logical data.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.65-79
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• 2015

This study intended to investigate exploratorily the precedent factors affecting two types of perceived balances between work and life(family/leisure) and the antecedent ones affected by them, focusing on the metro train drivers. To attain this purpose, literature survey on the precedent factors, work-life balance, and antecedent factors was performed, and the study model was designed based on this survey, and then this model was analyzed empirically using Multiple-Regression. The results on the precedent factors showed that Job Demand, Self-Efficacy, and Age have significant effects on the negative transfer of work. On the other hand, it was shown that Affiliative Culture, Self-Efficacy, and Internal Locus of Control have significant effects on the family centered balance. And the results on the antecedent factors showed that family centered balance has significant effects on Job Satisfaction, Psychological Depression and Fatigue, Safety Behavior, and accident, and the negative transfer of work has significant effects on Physical and Psychological Depression and Fatigue, Emergency Stress, and Safety Behavior.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-58
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• 2004

Several internal wavelength locker schemes for 10 Gbps electro-absorption modulated laser EML) module were reviewed. 10 Gbps EML modules with simple and robust internal wavelength ockers for metro dense WDM application were successfully demonstrated. The wavelength aging ver 2000 hours was done at elevated temperature of 7$0^{\circ}C$. The average wavelength drift of 10 modules was measured to be about $\pm$ 5 pm. These modules can be successfully applied to the 0 Gbps DWDM systems with 50 ㎓ channel spacing.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.283-285
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• 2003

Metro is taking an important part as a public transportation of densely populated area. but according to request of increasing transportation demand and improving service for passengers, minimizing headway, functional improvement of safety facility, improving riding comfort are needed. Also, it is the time for Seoul metro's signalling system to be improved into a new one as it has been opened to traffic for over 20 years and its signalling system is becoming superannuated. this paper reviewed the considerations at improving a signalling system and its solution.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.58-68
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• 2007

Thorough preparations and investigations must be done in order to prevent the hazards which will happen when workers work on the roof of the rolling stocks. Some industrial disasters can be prevented by solving the risks involved in the working of the work processes. Falling accidents tend to happen from the roof of the trains when workers work in the high position. So through the analysis of the 4M( Man. Machine, Media, Management), this paper analyzed the risk factors among the roof works and all problems of the maintenance. Also this paper suggests new devices or new methods to prevent falling disasters and to relieve the mental senses of uneasiness.