• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.293-299
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• 2006

A survey was conducted to find out the major plant parasitic nematode in Chrysanthemum morifolium fields in Korea from May to June in 2005. A genus of Pratylenchus was determined as the most important plant parasitic nematode based on analysis of total 50 samples from 8 cities of chrysanthemum field. Pratylenchus showed 86% occurrence rate and average numbered 1,095 per 200cc soils and 1g root. Five Pratylenchus isolates, 'Muan', 'Masan', 'Tean', 'Gumi', 'Jeongup', were selected for the molecular identification of the species of Pratylenchus, and ITS and D3-28S ribosomal DNA were amplified by PCR. For the ITS, only 'Muan' isolate was differentiated by total 1 kb PCR amplification, which was 200 bp larger than all the other isolates. There was no size variation in amplified D3-28S rDNA and all isolate represented approximately 320 bp of PCR product. Sequence data of D3-28S rDNA were analysed by MegAlign program in DNASTAR software and phylogenetic tree was constructed. Sequence homology was 100% between 'Gumi' isolate and 'Tean' isolate and 'Jeongup' isolate was also close to these isolates by 99.7% sequence homology. 'Gumi', 'Tean' group and 'Jeongup' isolate were determined to be closely related to Pratylenchus vulnus by 96.7% and 96.3% similarity in respectively. D3 sequence of 'Masan' isolate was 100% identical to P. penetrans, and 'Muan' isolate showed 99.7% similarity to P. brachyurus. This result was congruent with the branch divergence pattern shown in phylogenetic tree.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.400.1-400.1
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• 2016

Interfacial engineering approaches as an efficient strategy for improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of inverted polymer solar cells (iPSCs) has attracted considerable attention. Recently, polymer surface modifiers, such as poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE), were introduced to produce low WF electrodes and were reported to have good electron selectivity for inverted polymer solar cells (iPSCs) without an n-type metal oxide layer. To obtain more efficient solar cells, quantum dots (QDs) are used as effective sensitizers across a broad spectral range from visible to near IR. Additionally, they have the ability to efficiently generate multiple excitons from a single photon via a process called carrier multiplication (CM) or multiple exciton generation (MEG). However, in general, it is very difficult to prepare a bilayer structure with an organic layer and a QD interlayer through a solution process, because most solvents can dissolve and destroy the organic layer and QD interlayer. To present a more effective strategy for surpassing the limitations of traditional methods, we studied and fabricated the highly efficient iPSCs with mono-layered QDs as an effective multi-functional layer, to enhance the quantum yield caused by various effects of QDs monolayer. The mono-layered QDs play the multi-functional role as surface modifier, sub-photosensitizer and electron transport layer. Using this effective approach, we achieve the highest conversion efficiency of ~10.3% resulting from improved interfacial properties and efficient charge transfer, which is verified by various analysis tools.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2009

We have fabricated a low-noise 61-channel axial-type first-order gradiometer system for measuring fetal magnetocardiography(MCG) signals. Superconducting quantum interference device(SQUID) sensor was based on double relaxation oscillation SQUID(DROS) for detecting biomagnetic signal, such as MCG, magnetoencphalogram(MEG) and fetal-MCG. The SQUID sensor detected axial component of fetal MCG signal. The pickup coil of SQUID sensor was wound with 120 ${\mu}m$ NbTi wire on bobbin(20 mm diameter) and was a first-order gradiometer to reject the environment noise. The sensors have low white noise of 3 $fT/Hz^{1/2}$ at 100 Hz on average. The fetal MCG was measured from $24{\sim}36$ weeks fetus in a magnetically shielded room(MSR) with shielding factor of 35 dB at 0.1 Hz and 80 dB at 100 Hz(comparatively mild shielding). The MCG signal contained maternal and fetal MCG. Fetal MCG could be distinguished relatively easily from maternal MCG by using independent component analysis(ICA) filter. In addition, we could observe T peak as well as QRS wave, respectively. It will be useful in detecting fetal cardiac diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.643-649
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• 2010

Evaluation of the primary etiologic agents that cause aseptic meningitis outbreaks may provide valuable information regarding the prevention and management of aseptic meningitis. In Korea, an outbreak of aseptic meningitis caused by echovirus type 30 (E30) occurred from May to October in 2008. In order to determine the etiologic agent, CSF and/or stool specimens from 140 children hospitalized for aseptic meningitis at Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital between June and October of 2008 were tested for virus isolation and identification. E30 accounted for 61.7% (37 cases) and echovirus 6 accounted for 21.7% (13 cases) of all the human enteroviruses (HEVs) isolates (60 cases in total). For the molecular characterization of the isolates, the VP1 gene sequence of 18 Korean E30 isolates was compared pairwise using the MegAlign with 34 reference strains from the GenBank database. The pairwise comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the VP1 genes demonstrated that the sequences of the Korean strains differed from those of lineage groups A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree based on the complete VP1 nucleotide sequences resulted in a monophyletic tree, with eight clustered lineage groups. All Korean isolates were segregated from other lineage groups, thus suggesting that the Korean strains were a distinct lineage of E30, and a probable cause of this outbreak. This manuscript is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of the molecular characteristics of E30 strains associated with an aseptic meningitis outbreak in Korea, and their respective phylogenetic relationships.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.214-219
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• 1990

This study was conducted to characterize red worm(Lumbricus rubellus) and its cast reared six months using with pulp sludge, mixture of pulp sludge and methane sludge, and cow manure and methane sludge. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The optimum growth temperature ranged from $16^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$ and monthly weight increase was about one kilogram per square meter. 2. The weight of red worm increased 9 to 11 percent reared with mixture of cow manure and methane sludge compared to pulp sludge. 3. Red worm contained large amount of amino acid, including. Lycine, which, might be a good source for a feed additive. 4. Yields of red worm cast ranged from 90 to 95 ton/10a/year on dry weight base. 5. CEC of red worm cast varied from 19.4 to 49.9 meg/100g and O.M content ranged from 26.4 to 35.1 percent. It contained lots of nutrients resulting in a good fertilizer source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 1997

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of deodorizing temperature on physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid and triglyceride (TG) composition, and to estabilish the optimal deodorizing conditions in corn oil. Acid value (AV) of $240^{\circ}C$ treating group was showed 0.065 as the lowest level, the AV range was $0.08{\sim}0.09$ at $250{\sim}270^{\circ}C$. Lovibond total color was 24 as the lowest level, peroxide values (POV) were zero at $240{\sim}270^{\circ}C$ range. But POV was showed 0.42 meg/kg oil at $235^{\circ}C$, according to the optimal deodorizing temperature for the complete removal of peroxides was required more than $240^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, inclose of deodorizing temperature was conducted to the increase of saturated fatty acid content as myristic, palmitic, stearic and arachidic acid etc. Change of TG composition at treated group more than $250^{\circ}C$ was reliable, $S_3$ type TG was appeared. As a result, high temperature deodorizing was induced the undesirable influence at the physicochemical properties in deodorized corn oil.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.160-169
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• 2014

44 compounds and 9 minerals were isolated from and detected in the New Zealand deer velvet antler Cervus elaphus var. scoticus L$\ddot{o}$nnberg. The chemical structures of (1 - 26) were identified on the basis of the spectroscopic methods and comparisons with literature, respectively. The structures were identified as cholesterol (CS, 6), 7-keto-CS (7), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS (8), and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS (9), and included 12 steroid $3{\beta}$-O-(palmitic/stearic/myristic acid esters; PM/SA/MS) [CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (1 - 1), CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (1 - 2), CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (1 - 3), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (2 - 1), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (2 - 2), 7-keto-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (2 - 3), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (3 -1), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (3 - 2), $7{\beta}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (3 - 3), $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-SA (4 - 1), $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-PM (4 - 2), and $7{\alpha}$-hydroxy-CS-$3{\beta}$-O-MR (4 - 3)], dinonyl phthalate (5), 8 nucleic acids analogues [uracil (10), deoxyguanosine (11), deoxyuridine (12), uridine (13), deoxyadenosine (14), adenosine (15), inosine (16), and guanosine (17)], and the 9 free amino acids [L-phenylalanine (18), L-isoleucine (19), L-leucine (20), L-tyrosine (21), L-valine (22), L-proline (23), L-threonine (24), L-alanine (25), and L-hydroxyproline (26)]. Also, there are 8 kinds of amino acids [asparagine, serine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, arginine, methionine, and lysine], 2 sialic acids [N-acetylneuraminic acid (27), ketodeoxynonulosonic acid (28)], and 9 minerals [Na > K > Ca > Mg > Fe > Zn > B > Al > Cu] were detected from the autoaminoacid analyzer and ICP spectrometer, HPAEC-PAD/HPLC-FLD, respectively. 9 kinds of oxycholesterol-$3{\beta}$-O-fatty acid ester (2 - 1, 2 - 2, 2 - 3, 3 - 1, 3 - 2, 3 - 3, 4 - 1, 4 - 2, and 4 - 3) and 3 nucleic acids (12, 14, and 15) were isolated from the velvet antler for the first time. 6 kinds of steroids (7, 8, 9, 2 - 1, 3 - 1, and 4 - 1) were examined for their anti-proliferative effects against L1210, P388D1, K562, MEG-01, KG-1, MOLT-4, A549, HepG2, MCF-7, SK-OV-3, and SW-620 cancer cell lines. They showed anti-proliferative effects with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.06, 2.16, 2.42, > 50.0, 1.66 and $8.31{\mu}M$ against L1210, while the values were 24.05, 9.44, 5.22, 0.25. 9.48 and $49.77{\mu}M$ against P388D1, respectively. The others were inactive.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.14-27
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• 2004

This study approaches the effects of Balance Training on excercise performance and the prevention from the injuries caused by excercise. The subjects of the Balance Training program are female exercise beginners and the research period covers 8 weeks from January 10 to March 7, 2003. The research objects are 19 female golf beginners in 30s to 40s, who live in Seoul or Seongnam in Gyeonggi province and have played golf less than 6 months. The programs of the Balance Training and exercise performance were conducted to an 11 experimental group among the 19 research objects at the same time, and only the exercise performance program was applied to an 8 control group for 8 weeks. Before and after 8 weeks' application of the research programs to each group, the research subjects were examined, especially the components of their bodies, the balance and the performance capability were measured both before and after the test. The frequency of injuries by exercise was measured after the test, and the difference of the frequency was compared with the frequency before exercise. First, the experimental group, in a measurement of balance, showed that SN, MB, SAr and SAg of static balance decreased in a situation of MEO, MEC, GEO, GEC, TBEO, TBO, FHEO, FEO(p <0.05), but the control group increased. Second, the analysis on the change of exercise performance indicated better improvement in distance, ball speed, and accuracy of the experimental group than the control group(p<0.05). Third, the experience of injuries showed that there were 2 injuries in the experimental group and 11 injuries in the control group. The injured parts were 2 cases in the hands and fingers of the experimental group, and 1 case in the shoulder, 4 in the elbows, 4 in the hands and fingers and 2 in the lumber of the control group. From the above-mentioned results, it is recognized that the Balance Training program improved the exercise performance of female golf beginners and had good effects on the prevention from injuries. Accordingly, if this program is applied to sports-beginners, it will contribute to the improvement of the public health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.502-509
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a horseback riding simulator, McKenzie, and gym ball exercises on the Korean-Oswestry Disability Index (K-ODI) and muscle activation in people suffering from chronic low back pain. The study was conducted on 30 adults with a K-ODI of 5 or more and chronic low back pain. This experiment was conducted from May to June 2020. They were randomly divided into the horse-riding exercise group (HEG), McKenzie exercise group (MEG), and the gym ball exercise group (GEG). Each group performed the relevant exercises for six weeks, three times a week. The low back pain was measured with K-ODI, and muscle activation was measured with surface electromyography (SEMG). A paired t-test was conducted to verify the change before and after the experiment in the groups, and a one-way ANOVA was conducted to verify the difference between the three groups. The results of the study showed significant differences before and after the experiment. K-ODI and muscle activity improved (p>.05), and significant differences were also found between the groups (p<.05). This study concluded that horse riding and McKenzie exercises could be effective methods for the treatment of pain and to stabilize the lumbar region in patients with chronic low back pain.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.320-330
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• 1978

Riced dehydrated potato granules with a good reconstituton quality was made from Irish Cobber (IC) and Shimabara which are representative varieties in Korea. A part of IC potato granules was packed in small vinyl-bags while the rest, including some BHA (75ppm)-treated granules, was packed in $301{\times}407$ plain tin cans. These granules were stored in a room at room temperature, and their physico-chemical properties and lipid composition were studied. The color of the granules was measured with a Hunter-type Tristimules colorimeter. L, $a_L,$ and $b_L-values$ were respectively 83.8, -1.1 and 18.3. Variety and package-type did not affect the color. In general, it was darker than that of commercial wheat flour, but whiter than that of commercial defatted soy flour. At $100^{\circ}C$, the granules, irrespective of variety and package-type, absorbed water rapidly, and reached the maximum moisture content of $90{\sim}92%$ in 3 min., whereas they absorbed water more slowly at $8{\sim}14^{\circ}C$, and reached the maximum content of $72{\sim}74%$ in 5 minutes. Peroxide, TBA, carbonyl, acid, and iodine values of the granules after 3 months storage were respetively $150{\sim}460\;meq/kg,\;20{\sim}26,\;154{\sim}380$ micromole, $24{\sim}59,\;and\;70{\sim}78$. Except iodine values, all the chemical values were affected by variety and package-type. Ether and $CHCl_3-extracts$ of the granules from IC and Shimabara were subjected to GLC and TLC analyses. In case of IC, the major fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, and oleic (30.0, 18.8, 40.6), while in case of Shimabara they were palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids (26.7, 39.6, 23.4%). The major lipid classes were, in both cases, triglycerides and phospholipids. Their contents were raspectively 19.1 and 43.1 (IC), and 30.1 and 37.4% (Shimabara).