• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.11
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• pp.605-610
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• 2020

Skeletal myogenesis is a complex process that is finely regulated by myogenic transcription factors. Recent studies have shown that saturated fatty acids (SFA) can suppress the activation of myogenic transcription factors and impair the myogenic differentiation of progenitor cells. Despite the increasing evidence of the roles of miRNAs in myogenesis, the targets and myogenic regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs are largely unknown, particularly when myogenesis is dysregulated by SFA deposition. This study examined the implications of SFA-induced miR-183-5p on the myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts. Long-chain SFA palmitic acid (PA) drastically reduced myogenic transcription factors, such as myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C), and inhibited FHL1 expression and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, accompanied by the induction of miR-183-5p. The knockdown of FHL1 by siRNA inhibited myogenic differentiation of myoblasts. Interestingly, miR-183-5p inversely regulated the expression of FHL1, a crucial regulator of skeletal myogenesis, by targeting the 3'UTR of FHL1 mRNA. Furthermore, the transfection of miR-183-5p mimic suppressed the expression of MyoD, MyoG, MEF2C, and MyHC, and impaired the differentiation and myotube formation of myoblasts. Overall, this study highlights the role of miR-183-5p in myogenic differentiation through FHL1 repression and suggests a novel miRNA-mediated mechanism for myogenesis in a background of obesity.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2012

Objectives : To evaluate the clinical utility of Muscle Energy Techniques(MET) in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects. Methods : We compared electrical activity between a before MET and a after MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects in same group(n=26) in dynamic flexion-reextension state during five seconds. We analyzed amplitudes and areas of electrical activity and Asymmetry Index(AI) and Median Edge Frequency(MEF). Results : 1. After MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects were lower electrical activity than before MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects but it is not a pointless observation(p<0.05). 2. AI of the after MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects significantly decreased compared with before MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects(p<0.05). 3. MEF of the after MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects decreased compared with before MET in Elector Spinae Muscle on subjects but it is not a pointless observation(p<0.05). Conclusions : According to above results, there is clinical effect MET on subjects.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.163-167
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• 2004

It shows that there is the fastest growth of S. crispa in the weak acid pH5. Also, it shows that S. crispa has the best environment in the MEF media. The next desirable one was as in this array: MES, MEI, YMF, YMM, YMT, YMB, YMI, MEA, PDA. The best fungi-growth of S. crispa is shown within the 0.2% addition of multi-mineral. The slow fungi-growth of S. crispa is shown within as the opposite. The phisical growth of S. crispa has a absolute need of comparatably large amount of P,K,N,S etc as inorganic minerals. In addition of that, as a minor element, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Co, Mn, Cl etc are should be included. The best fungi-growth of S. crispa is shown within the 0.1% addition of biotin. The slow fungi-growth of S. crispa is shown within as the opposite. The best fungi-growth of S. crispa is shown within the 2% addition of fructose. The slow fungi-growth of S. crispa is shown within as the opposite.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.327-338
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• 2017

Exposure fusion is a typical image fusion technique to generate a high dynamic range image by combining two or more different exposure images. In this paper, we propose block-based exposure adjustment considering unique characteristics of human visual system and improved saturation measure to get weight map. Proposed exposure adjustment artificially corrects intensity values of each input images considering human visual system, efficiently preserving details in the result image of exposure fusion. The improved saturation measure is used to make a weight map that effectively reflects the saturation region in the input images. We show the superiority of the proposed algorithm through subjective image quality, MEF-SSIM, and execution time comparison with the conventional exposure fusion algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of present study was to investigate pulmonary function among smokers and non-smokers, and effect on respiratory muscle training in smoker. Methods : Twenty participants were allocated into smokers group(n = 10) and non-smokers group(n = 10). Pulmonary function was measured by spirometry(Pony FX, COSMED Inc., Italy). The smoker group was compared pulmonary function before and after respiratory muscle training. Results : The results were as follows; There was significant difference on PEF, FEV1/FVC%, FEF25~75%, MEF75% and MEF50% among smoker and non-smokers(p<.05). But, there was not significantly difference after intervention in smokers. Conclusion : The present study found that smoker decreased pulmonary function than non-smokers.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.1245-1252
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• 2022

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from somatic cells using Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM). Small molecules can enhance reprogramming. Licochalcone D (LCD), a flavonoid compound present mainly in the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata, acts on known signaling pathways involved in transcriptional activity and signal transduction, including the PGC1-α and MAPK families. In this study, we demonstrated that LCD improved reprogramming efficiency. LCD-treated iPSCs (LCD-iPSCs) expressed pluripotency-related genes Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Prdm14. Moreover, LCD-iPSCs differentiated into all three germ layers in vitro and formed chimeras. The mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) is critical for somatic cell reprogramming. We found that the expression levels of mesenchymal genes (Snail2 and Twist) decreased and those of epithelial genes (DSP, Cldn3, Crb3, and Ocln) dramatically increased in OR-MEF (OG2^+/+/ROSA26^+/+) cells treated with LCD for 3 days, indicating that MET effectively occurred in LCD-treated OR-MEF cells. Thus, LCD enhanced the generation of iPSCs from somatic cells by promoting MET at the early stages of reprogramming.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.78-90
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• 2009

이더넷(Ethernet)은 본래 캠퍼스, 기업이나 가정 등 근거리의 LAN 영역에 주로 사용되는 기술이었으나 플러그 앤 플레이(plug and play)와 같은 단순함(simplicity), 적은 설치 비용 및 쉬운 운용 등을 장점으로, 통신 사업자 및 운용자(carrier)의 고유영역인 MAN/WAN에서도 사용 가능한 메트로 이더넷 및 캐리어 이더넷(Metro/Carrier Ethernet)으로 빠른 속도로 진화 발전하고 있는 상황이다. 캐리어 이더넷은 탄력성(resiliency), 신뢰성(reliability), 확장성(scalability), 관리성(manageability) 등과 같은 특징을 중요시하는 통신 사업자 환경에서 이더넷 기반 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 확장된 이더넷 기술을 의미한다. 본 고에서는 캐리어 이더넷 기술에 대한 정의와 관련 서비스를 소개하고, MEF, IEEE 802, ITU-T, IETF 등 국제 기구 및 연관 포럼에서 진행중인 캐리어 이더넷 기술의 표준화 동향을 살펴보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.631-633
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 MEF(Metro Ethernet Forum) 기술 문서를 기반으로 메트로 이더넷 망을 위한 보호 기술을 소개하고 메트로 이더넷 망을 위한 링크 보호 알고리즘을 설계한다. 제안한 링크 보호 알고리즘은 각 서비스가 요구하는 링크 복구 시간(restoration time)을 고려하여 백업 경로를 미리 설정하는 방법과 장애가 발생한 이후에 우회 경로를 설정하는 방법을 사용한다. 백업 경로를 미리 설정함에 따라 자원의 이용률이 감소하므로 이를 해결하기 위하여 백업 경로 간 자원의 공유 방법을 도입하였으며, 서비스 특성에 따라 복구 경로에서 제한된 QoS를 제공하도록 하여 망의 가용성을 증가시일 수 있다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.364-368
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• 2004

The prevalence of resistance to a range of macrolides was determined for clinical isolates of common respiratory pathogens using NCCLS testing methods and interpretative criter ia.71.4% of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 62.3% of Staphylococcus aureus, 50.8% of coagulase-negative staphylococci and 4.4% of Strpetococcus pyogenes were erythromycin resistant. Also, the rates of resistance to other macrolides and clindamycin in these clinical isolates were as high as to eryth -romycin. Almost all of the macrolide-resistant isolates were positive for erm of the methylase gene, or mef of the efflux gene.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 1982

The effect of the second phase morphology on the fracture ductility of dual phase steel was studied by means of tensile tests carried out room temperature. In this case the second phase morphology is characterized by two kinds; one is the MEF microstructure in which martensite encapsulated islands of ferrite, the other is the FEM microstructure in which ferrite encapsulated islands of martensite. The fracture ductility is improved by variation of the second phase morphology, but is essentially uneffected in the range of high strength ratio (4.7). Also the variation of ductility is well understood according to the difficulty of cleavage crack formation of the ferrite grain and to the brittleness of the martensitic structure.