• 디자인학연구
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2003

게임산업은 21세기 정보화 사회의 문화 컨텐츠 산업의 한 분야이다. 멀티미디어, 3차원 그래픽, 3차원 음향, 가상현실 분야, 캐릭터 산업 등과 맥락을 같이 하는 핵심 기술 집약 산업이며, 문화적 파급효과와 규모가 점점 커지고 있는 산업이다. 그러나 국내의 게임 개발 능력은 선진 미국이나 일본에 비하여 낙후되어 있다. 정책적으로 게임 개발 지원 사업이 행하여지고 있으나 게임 컨텐츠 영역보다는 인터넷 게임 혹은 3차원 그래픽 엔진 개발 등 게임 소프트웨어 엔진 개발에 치중되어 있는 것이 현실이다. 한편 미국 PC게임 시장에서 만 8세 이하의 아동용 게임 시장은 전체 게임 시장의 삼분의 일을 차지하는 거대 시장이다. 재미요소와 교육요소가 접목된 아동용 게임은 컨텐츠 위주의 산업으로 짧은 개발 기간에 고부가가치를 창출 할 수 있는 산업이기 때문이다. 본 연구는 기존의 컴퓨터 게임에 관해 고찰하고, 아동의 연령별 특징에 적합한 게임요소의 추출과 새로운 게임 컨텐츠를 제안한다는 것을 목적으로 한다. 앙케이트 조사와 프로토콜 분석 및 연령별 성장기 특징의 문헌조사를 통해 기존의 게임장르에 추가하여 'Asports', 'Asim' 'U.J RPG', 'S＋RPG'가 성장기별 아동 발달에 유익하다는 결론을 도출 할 수 있었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.1342-1348
• /
• 2017

디지털 정보화 시대에서 영상은 여러 매체에서 필수적으로 이용되며, 잡음은 이러한 영상을 획득, 전송하는 과정에서 여러 외부 원인에 의해 발생된다. 잡음 제거는 영상 처리에서 필수적인 과정이며, 잡음의 종류에는 발생 원인과 형태에 따라 다양한 종류가 있으며 AWGN이 대표적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 영상에 첨가된 잡음의 영향을 완화하기 위해, 전처리 과정으로 국부 마스크를 9개의 영역으로 구분하여 각 화소들의 평균을 이용한 에지 검출 방법을 적용한다. 그리고 변형된 에지 검출의 결과에 임계값을 적용하여 국부 마스크에 서로 다른 필터를 적용하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 알고리즘의 우수성을 입증하기 위해, 확대 영상 및 PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio)을 이용하여 기존의 방법들과 그 성능을 비교하였다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.134-142
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The aim is to study the dependence of deformable based auto-segmentation of head and neck organs-at-risks (OAR) on anatomy matching for a single atlas based system and generate an acceptable set of contours. Methods: A sample of ten patients in neutral neck position and three atlas sets consisting of ten patients each in different head and neck positions were utilized to generate three scenarios representing poor, average and perfect anatomy matching respectively and auto-segmentation was carried out for each scenario. Brainstem, larynx, mandible, cervical oesophagus, oral cavity, pharyngeal muscles, parotids, spinal cord, and trachea were the structures selected for the study. Automatic and oncologist reference contours were compared using the dice similarity index (DSI), Hausdroff distance and variation in the centre of mass (COM). Results: The mean DSI scores for brainstem was good irrespective of the anatomy matching scenarios. The scores for mandible, oral cavity, larynx, parotids, spinal cord, and trachea were unacceptable with poor matching but improved with enhanced bony matching whereas cervical oesophagus and pharyngeal muscles had less than acceptable scores for even perfect matching scenario. HD value and variation in COM decreased with better matching for all the structures. Conclusion: Improved anatomy matching resulted in better segmentation. At least a similar setup can help generate an acceptable set of automatic contours in systems employing single atlas method. Automatic contours from average matching scenario were acceptable for most structures. Importance should be given to head and neck position during atlas generation for a single atlas based system.

• 대한치과의사협회지
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.153-163
• /
• 2014

3-dimensional information for anatomic stucture plays a role as integral part in clinical aspect of dental practice. CBCT(cone beam computed tomography) has been accepted as useful diagnostic tool offering Volume data and images for evaluating teeth and jaws in lower radiation dose than conventional CT. CBCT equipment is essential for the quality assurance of it to ensure continued satisfactory performance and result of adequate images. Dental practitioner and oral and maxillofacial radiologist should have a responsibility and critical thinking to deliver this technology to patients in a responsible way, so that diaganostic value is maximised and radiation doses kept as low as resonably achievable. CBCT imaging modality should be used only after a review of the patient's health and imaging history and the completion of a thorough clinical examination. Clinical guidelines are systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances Dental practitioners should prescribe CBCT imaging only when they expect that the diagnostic yield will benefit patient care, enhance patient safety or improve clinical outcomes significantly. Knowledge of patient dose is essential for clinicians who are making the decision regarding the justification of the exposure. There are some limitation in the measurement of patient dose in CBCT for the approval and adaptation of conventinal methodolgy in CT. It is also important to ensure that doses are optimised and in line with any national and international guidelines. The higher radiation doses of CBCT compared with conventional radiography, mean that high standards must be maintained. The Quality Assurance(QA) programme should entail surveys and checks that are performed according to a regular timetable. QA programme should be maintained by staff to ensure adherence to the programme and to raise its importance among staff.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.100-104
• /
• 1993

누에 7개 품종을 이면교배하여 F1세대의 숙잠체종과 F2 세대의 산란수에 대한 유전분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 분산분석의 결과에서 유전적 효과인 상가적 효과, 우성 효과, 모체 효과 및 정역간의 효과는 숙잠체종과 산란수에서 모두 유의하였다. 숙잠체중과 산란수는 우성 효과가 상가적 효과보다 컸고, 광의의 유전력은 숙잠체중과 산란수에서 각각 0.986, 0.936으로 높았다. 협의의 유전력은 숙잠체중이 0.773으로 높았으나 산란수는 0.228로 낮았다. vr-Wr graph에서 숙잠체중은 불완전 우성이고, 산란수는 초우성의 유전현상을 보였다. 일반 조합능력의 효과에서 숙잠체중은 잠 107과 잠 124의 품종이, 산란수는 S1이 각각 그 효과가 정으로 컸다. 특정조합의 효과에서 숙잠체중은 S1XC51조합, S1X잠 124 조함, 잠 107X잠 108 조합이 각각 정으로 높은 효과를 보였다. 산란수는 잠107XN63 조합, S1XC51 조합, N74X잠 108 조합, 잠 107X잠 108 조합이 각각 정으로 높은 효과를 보였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.771-784
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to estimate the relationships between dietary factors and the stress perception levels of College students. A survey was conducted in June, 2010, targeting 332 college students in Gwangju. General environmental factors, stress perception levels, dietary behaviors, and dietary action guide performance of the subjects were evaluated by questionnaire, and food intakes was determined by the 24-hour recall method. The results are summarized as follows.: The score of frequency experiencing was $45.1{\pm}16.9$ for male students, and $47.0{\pm}16.7$ for female students. The importance scores were $50.8{\pm}18.5$ for males, and $53.3{\pm}18.7$ for females. The total score for dietary action guide performance was $39.6{\pm}7.2$ for males and $40.6{\pm}6.5$ for females. Nutrient intake levels were evaluated based on dietary reference intake (DRI), revealing energy intakes to be 68.5% EER in males and 73.9% in females. The mean intakes of nutrient were 54.2% RI for calcium, 73.6% RI for riboflavin, and 51.2% RI for vitamin C but 203.6% AI for sodium, which indicates an imbalance in nutrient intake. Analysis of the correlations between stress perception levels and dietary factors, scholarship achievements, financial problems, future problems, value senses, and family relationships revealed significant correlations with general environment factors, dietary behaviors, Dietary action guide performance, and nutrient intakes (p<0.05). The higher the stress perception levels of the students, the higher the energy, coffee and alcohol intake, which predicts that appropriate stress control in college students will lead to better dietary habits. It is expected that the results above will be used as basic data for the development of proper nutrition education programs and stress control strategies.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2016

Study was conducted to investigate tree diversity and its population and regeneration status in homegardens of upper Assam, Northeast India through field study by quadrat method. A total of 154 tree species have been recorded from 135 studied homegardens under 109 genera 53 families. Most of these species (79%) are indigenous to our country, while the rest (21%) arealiens (naturalized and cultivated exotics) by origin. Tree species richness per homegarden varies greatly in different homegardens and is ranged from 5 to 52 tree species with a mean of 22 ($SE{\pm}0.58$). A. malaccensis is the most dominant tree species in the studied homegardens contributed 34% of the total tree density of the documented trees. The tree density is much higher with 4,259 individuals $ha^{-1}$ but, basal area ($36.32m^2ha^{-1}$) is very less. Based on the number of individuals present, very rare species is accounted for 10%, rare species 39%, common species 19%, dominants 14% and predominant species 18% in the present study. The population density of 154 tree species is 4,259 (individuals $ha^{-1}$) for adults (>3.18 cm DBH), 5,902 (individuals $ha^{-1}$) for saplings and 38,164 (individuals $ha^{-1}$) for seedlings. The density of seedlings>saplings>adults represents good regeneration status of tree species in studied homegardens. The population structure study showed that about 8% tree species have good regeneration status, 9% have fair regeneration status, 48% have poor regeneration status and 34% tree species have no regeneration. Study suggests that research and development action is needed to stimulate regeneration of those tree species which having high importance value indices but showing poor or no regeneration. Based on present observation, it can be conclude that homegarden can emerge as an effective means for both economic well-being and biodiversity conservation in upper Assam, Northeast India.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted in an effort to provide important clues pertaining to the conservation and restoration of Aporia crataegi by identifying the spatial distribution characteristics of the current habitats, prospective habitats, and future habitats of A. crataegi in accordance with climate changes. To determine the distribution of A. crataegi, data from a total of 36 collecting points throughout South Korea, North Korea, China, Japan, Mongolia, and Russia are used. The spatial distributions of the data were examined through MaxEnt modeling. The distribution probability rates exceeded 75% at 18 locations among the 36 species occurrence locations, with Gangwon province showing the highest distribution probability in South Korea. The precision of the MaxEnt model was remarkably high, with an AUC value of 0.982. The variables that affect the potential distribution of A. crataegi by more than 10% are the degree of temperature seasonality, the amount of precipitation in the warmest quarter, the annual mean temperature, and the amount of precipitation in the driest month, in that order of importance. It was found that the future potential distribution area of A. crataegi continuously moves northward over time up to 2070s. In addition, the area of the potential distribution showing a habitable probability rate that exceeds 75% in northeast Asia was $28,492km^2$, where the area of potential distribution in the north part of Korean peninsula was $20.404km^2$ in size. Thus, it is anticipated that the most important future habitats of A. crataegi in the northeast Asia will be North and South Hamgyeong provinces and Ryanggang province near Mt. Baekdoosan in the northern area of the Korean peninsula.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.527-538
• /
• 2017

The evaluation of the loss-of-support conditions of frictional beam-to-column connections using simplified numerical models describing the transverse response of a portal-like structure is presented in this paper considering the effects of the seismic-hazard disaggregation. Real earthquake time histories selected from European Strong-motion Database (ESD) are used to show the effects of the seismic-hazard disaggregation on the beam loss-of-support conditions. Seismic events are classified according to different values of magnitudes, epicentral distances and soil conditions (stiff or soft soil) highlighting the importance of considering the characteristics of the seismic input in the assessment of the loss-of-support conditions of frictional beam-to-column connections. A rigid and an elastic model of a frame of a precast industrial building (2-DoF portal-like model) are presented and adopted to find the minimum required friction coefficient to avoid sliding. Then, the mean value of the minimum required friction coefficient with an epicentral distance bin of 10 km is calculated and fitted with a linear function depending on the logarithm of the epicentral distance. A complete parametric analysis varying the horizontal and vertical period of vibration of the structure is performed. Results show that the loss-of-support condition is strongly influenced by magnitude, epicentral distance and soil conditions determining the frequency content of the earthquake time histories and the correlation between the maxima of the horizontal and vertical components. Moreover, as expected, dynamic characteristics of the structure have also a strong influence. Finally, the effect of the column nonlinear behavior (i.e. formation of plastic hinges at the base) is analyzed showing that the connection and the column are a series system where the maximum force is limited by the element having the minimum strength. Two different longitudinal reinforcement ratios are analyzed demonstrating that the column strength variation changes the system response.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to examine factors affecting user´s satisfaction in development of natural recreation forest(NRF) in order to answer the research question: What is the magnitude of factors affecting user´s satisfaction in development of NRF. After reviewing the literature, mechanism of outdoor recreation, and development factors in NRF, we constructed the conceptual framework and have formulated the hypothesis of this research. we have obtained data through a questionnaire, which surveyed 625 visitors at 10 of the 72 natural recreation forests in Korea in 1999, We have analyzed the data using the mean difference test, Pearson´s correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression method. We found that 1) all the development factors except recreational resources affecting user´s satisfaction have turned out to be statistically significant at one percent level. The direction of relationship between independent variable and dependent variable is the same as that of dependent variable. 2) in bivariate analysis, the relationships between user´s satisfaction and all the development factors are fairly high and statistically significant. The higher the value of development factors, the higher the degree of user´s satisfaction. 3 in multivariate analysis, such variables as the suitability of activities level of services, atmosphere, and facility have been statistically significant at one percent level, and 4) Their relative contribution of the suitability of various recreational activities, level of atmosphere, and service on dependent variable have been turned out to have 8.167, 4.889, 3.333, and 1.611 times more importance than that of the suitabity of recreational resources, respectively. The research results suggest that a guideline for the creation of marketable NFR and development of use-programs and recreational atmosphere be recommended in the planning and development process of NRF, and excessive investment on facilities is not desirable. The approach and analysis method adopted by this research is highly useful for an evaluation criterion of NRF and development of devices for increasing user´s satisfaction in NRF. It is recommended that more empirical study on individual factors affecting user´s satisfaction be performed in the future.