• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.141-144
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to identify the acoustic changes according to age and to provide the evaluation criteria of elderly voice. The number of 120 Korean adults (three age groups * two sex groups) proceeded sustained three vowels, read apart of 'Taking a walk' and explained a picture. The data was analyzed acoustically with MDVP of CSL. The results showed that: 1)there was statistically most significant changes in sex and age in F0 than the others but no significant in Shimmer. 2)acoustic parameters were changed from young adulthood to old age. Different patterns of change with aging were observed in men and women.

• 재활복지
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of semi-closed vocal training-based Vocal Aerobic Treatment on the voice improvement of soprano. Study subject was one soprano who appealed to the suffering of her voice problem due to vocal cord nodule. A study method of conducting pre/post acoustic evaluation and subjective voice evaluation to compare the measures was used; Vocal Aerobic Treatment was carried out twice a week for a total of 32 session. In the acoustic evaluation, MDVP (multi-dimensional voice program) and VRP (voice range profile) were used to evaluate the pitch, voice quality, and voice range; in the subjective voice evaluation, SVHI (singing voice handicap index) was used to assess voice satisfaction. As a result of the pitch evaluation, the soprano maintained a proper Fo. As a result of the voice quality evaluation, the jitter, shimmer, and the noise harmonic ratio numbers decreased compared to the numbers shown before the treatment. As a result of the voice range evaluation, the scope of the range was broadened, with the number of semitone increasing from 30 to 35. As for the subjective voice evaluation, the result of the total score obtained after the survey report divided by the number of questions showed a decrease from 3.6 to 0.6. The soprano herself reported of having a minor extent of a voice problem. The summary of the above results reflects that Vocal Aerobic Treatment is useful in the voice improvement of vocalists However, as this study is case research regarding the Vocal Aerobic Treatment effect on one soprano, further research on the treatment effect covering many other vocalists is necessary. Also, there is a need for follow-up studies regarding voice management and voice treatment program on not only the vocalists but also the voice users in many other professions.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.19-33
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• 2005

Tremor is a main factor of parkinsonism. Voice tremor may be the first, later or the only symptom of a neurological disease and its frequency, amplitude, and regularity may differ among the diseases of different neural subsystems. Differential diagnosis between idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) has been difficult. This study included three groups: (1) 6 IPD patients; (2) 6 MSA patients; and (3) 20 ageand sex-matched normal controls. The MDVP (Multidimensional Voice Program) was used to analyze the sustained /a/phonation. The results were as follows: (1) frequency perturbation parameters (jitter, sPPQ, Vf0) and FTRI of tremor parameter of two patient groups were statistically different from those of the controls (p < .01); (2) measures were higher in short-term and long-term f0 and amplitude perturbation in MSA than IPD; (3) however, any acoustic parameters between IPD and MSA were not statistically different; except for the rate of frequency tremor, 4$\sim$5 Hz in IPD, 5$\sim$11 Hz in MSA and (4) the pattern of regularity for voice tremor through histogram indicated that amplitude of IPD was irregular while both f0 and amplitude of MSA were irregular. In conclusion, F0, rate of frequency tremor, and pattern of f0 regularity may be predictors for differential diagnosis. These findings might signify that voice tremor of parkinsonism was resulted from modulation of f0.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2005

The phenomenon of vocal vibrato may be regarded as an acoustic representation of one of the most rapid and continuous changes in pitch and intensity that the human vocal mechanism is capable of producing. Singers are likely to use vibrato effectively to enrich their voice. The purpose of this study was to obtain acoustic measurements (vF0 and vAm) of 45 subjects (15 trot and 15 ballad singers and 15 non-singers) and to compare acoustic measurements of the vowel /a/ produced by 3 groups on 2 voice sampling conditions (prolongation and singing of /a/). Thirty singers of trot and ballad were selected by a producer and a concert director working for the KBS (Korean Broadcasting System). The MDVP was used to measure the acoustic parameters. A two-way MANOVA was used for statistical analyses. The results were as follows; Firstly, there was no significant difference among the 3 groups in vF0 and vAm in prolongation of /a/, but in singing voice, there was a significant difference among 3 groups in vF0 and vAm. Secondly, there was an interaction between music genre and voice sampling condition in vF0, and vAm. Finally, trot singers sing with more vibrato than ballad singers. It was concluded that it is very important to analyze singers' voice including various voice conditions (prolongation, reading, conversation, and singing) and to identify differences of singing voice characteristics among music genre.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2013

This research is aimed at finding the acoustic characteristics of different voice rehabilitation techniques, the electrolaryx (EL), standard esophageal (SE), and tracheoesophageal (TE), used on 17 patients with laryngectomees. The analysis of the voice qualities was achieved using MDVP. In order to compare the acoustic characteristics, patients were asked to produce the vowel /a/ sound. The acoustic analysis included fundamental frequency (f0), jitter, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR). The main acoustic results showed no significant statistical differences between the average measurements of SE and TE speakers. It was found that the current study showed the same tendency found in previous studies. There was also a significant difference between SE and EL speakers. On the other hand, there were no significant statistical differences between the average measurements of TE and EL speakers on all acoustic measurements. This research will contribute to establishing a baseline related to speech characteristics in voice rehabilitation for patients with laryngectomees. In future, the present findings and issues should be considered in the context of gender. Specifically, the number of women who are diagnosed with laryngeal cancer continues to rise and their acoustic characteristics may indeed differ from those of men.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 1998

Mutational falsetto is a kind of voice disorders due to the failure to acquire proper low-pitched voice during the puberty. The patients with mutational falsetto can produce the normal low-pitched voice by the surgical treatment, like the type III-thyroplasty, or the voice therapy. The present study is, focusing on the latter treatment, to consider the efficiency of voice therapy for the mutational falsetto. The 7 patients who were diagnosed as mutational falsetto by the laryngologists, and treated by the voice therapist were selected as subjects. Their voices of pretherapy and posttherapy were analyzed on the aspects of acoustics and aerodynamics. Acoustic analysis was done by the MDVP(Multidimensional Voice Program) of CSL(Computerized Speech Lab, Kay Elemetrics, Co.), and aerodynamic analysis, by the Maximum Sustained Phonation of Aerophone II(Kay Elemetrics, Co.). By these measurements, we could find that fundamental frequency(F0) was significantly lowered, on the average, 65Hz. Maximum phonation time(MPT) was increased 4.57 second, and shimmer was decreased 1.644%, respectively, and each changes was statistically significant, too. On the average, jitter was decreased 0.499%, mean flow rate(MFR) was decreased 27.71ml/sec, and NHR was increased 0.023 which was the only parameter not showing improvement. But the changes of jitter, MFR and NHR were not statistically significant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : The etiology and pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia is yet unknown. This study was performed to determine if any laryngeal aerodynamic parameter distinguish the voice of patient diagnosed as having adductor spasmodic dysphonia from individuals with normal voice production and to investigate the pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia. Materials and Methods : fifteen women diagnosed as having adductor spasmodic dysphonia and fifteen normal control women participitated in this study Maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate, subglottic pressure, vocal efficiency, Vfo, NHR, VTI, FTRI, ATRI, Jitter percent, Shimmer percent were obtained from the participants using 'MDVP(multi-dimensional voice program)' of CSL(Computerized Speech lab, Kay Elemetrics, Co., Model No. 4300), and 'maximum sustained phonation' and 'IPIPI test' of AP II(Aerophone II, Kay Elemetrics, Co., Model 6800). Results : T-test statistical analysis revealed statistically different values for vocal efficiency, Vfo, NHR, MPT, litter percent, Shimmer percent between the spasmodic dysphonia group and the control group. Conclusions : Spasmodic dysphonia affects the ability of the laryngeal mechanism to function effectively. Results from our study demonstrate that certain aerodynamic and acoustic parameters distinguish adductor spasmodic dysphonia from normal voice.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Total laryngectomy is often required for advanced cases. But this operation induced the many inconvenience of basic daily life. Early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer is very important to prevent from this disastrous condition. In this point of view, mass screening test for early detection of laryngeal cancer is necessary. Screening test using voice has many advantages such as simple, less interventional. Voice collection by Automatic Response System(ARS) is comfortable and easy to got acoustic sample. Thus author tried to got the acoustic parameters which can differentiate normal, benign. and malignant laryngeal diseases and also checked the availability of parameters on neural network system. Materials and Methods: Author has evaluated the voice from 17 laryngeal cancer patients and 45 benign laryngeal disease patients who visited at Department of Otolaryngology, Pusan National University Hospital from May 1998 to April 2001, and 15 normal control. Author chose the sir Parameters (Jitt. vFo, Shim, vAm, NHR, SPI) that was thought to be related with voice collected by ARS among thirty-three parameters analysed by a Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP). Two-step neural network was used for the availability of six parameters. Results: The detection rate of normal voice by ARS voice analysis is 78.5% and detection rate of abnormal voice was 97.1 o/o. Among abnormal voice, the detection rate of benign laryngeal diseases and laryngeal cancers were 82.4 o/o, 70.6% respectively. Conclusion: Author concluded that six parameters and Matlab based neural network software may be effective in development of acoustic screening system for laryngeal cancer and further study should be necessary for development of new acoustic parameters.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.219-228
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• 2011

Objective : Sasang constitution medicine utilizes voice characteristics to diagnose a person's constitution. In this paper we propose methods to analyze Sasang constitution using speech information technology. That is, this study aims at establishing the relationship between Sasang constitutions and their corresponding voice characteristics by investigating various speech variables. Materials & Methods : Voice recordings of 1,406 speakers are obtained whose constitutions have been already diagnosed by the experts in the fields. A total of 144 speech features obtained from five vowels and a sentence are used. The features include pitch, intensity, formant, bandwidth, MDVP and MFCC related variables for each constitution. We analyze the speech variables and find whether there are statistically significant differences among three constitutions. Results : The main speech variables classifying three constitutions are related to pitch and MFCCs for male, and formant and MFCCs for female. The correct decision rate is 73.7% for male Soeumin, 63.3% for male Soyangin, 57.3% for male Taeumin, 74.0% for female Soeumin, 75.6% for female Soyangin, 94.3% for female Taeumin, and 73.0% on the average. Conclusion : Experimental results show that statistically significant correlation between some speech variables and the constitutions is observed.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.159-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the ability of coordination of the articulatory motor and the ability of control of the respiration and laryngeal for spastic dysarthria by acoustic analysis. The sustained of vowel /a/ and repetition of syllable /pa/ in 15 normal and 10 spastic dysarthria were measured. Multi-Speech, MDVP, and MSP were used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the mean DDK rate in the spastic group was significantly slower than in the normal. The maximum phonation time in the spastic group ($4.80{\pm}1.94$) was shorter than in the normal ($11.20{\pm}3.72$). The DDKjit in the spastic group was significantly higher than in the normal. The DDKsla was reduced in the spastic group. The mean syllable duration in the spastic group (146.2ms) was significantly longer than in the normal (75.8ms). The mean energy was reduced in the spastic group. The range of Fo was greater than in the normal. The frequency perturbation (jitter, vFo) and amplitude perturbation (shimmer, vAm) were higher than in the normal group. The NHR was higher than in the normal group. The parameters of this were significantly difference between the spastic dysarthria and the normal (p<0.05). Finally, the spastic dysarthria has short respiration, slow speech rate, and voice quality problem. The these results will help to establish a plan and the intervention of treatment.