• Title/Summary/Keyword: MDSC

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Reversible Melting Behaviors of Polyesters and Copolyetheresters studied by MDSC (MDSC를 이용한 폴리에스테르와 코폴리에테르에스테르의 가역적 융해거동 분석)

  • Kim, Hae-Young;Baik, Doo-Hyun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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    • 2001.10a
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    • pp.239-242
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    • 2001
  • Melting and crystallization are not reversible because supercooling is always needed for crystal growth. But, recently reversible melting and crystallization phenomena in semi-crystalline polymers, based on modulated differential scanning calorimetry(MDSC) with quasi-isothermal experiment mode were observed in the melting range and continuously proved by others. (omitted)

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The Change of Degree of Cure and Specific Heat Capacity According to Temperature of Thermoset Resin (열경화성 수지의 온도에 따른 경화도와 비열(Cp) 변화)

  • Shin, Dong-Woo;Hwang, Seong-Soon;Lee, Ho-Sung;Kim, Jin-Won;Choi, Won-Jong
    • Composites Research
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.99-103
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    • 2015
  • This paper presents the cure kinetics studies on the cure reaction of thermosetting resin. Above all, change in degree of cure and specific heat capacity according to temperature are observed using DSC and MDSC. The results are analyzed by cure kinetics and specific heat capacity model. Glass transition temperature was also measured to apply to the specific heat capacity model. Model parameters were gained from the modeling result. As a result, behavior of specific heat capacity can be calculated mathematically.

Modulation of Immunosuppression by Oligonucleotide-Based Molecules and Small Molecules Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

  • Lim, Jihyun;Lee, Aram;Lee, Hee Gu;Lim, Jong-Seok
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 2020
  • Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immature myeloid cells that exert suppressive function on the immune response. MDSCs expand in tumor-bearing hosts or in the tumor microenvironment and suppress T cell responses via various mechanisms, whereas a reduction in their activities has been observed in autoimmune diseases or infections. It has been reported that the symptoms of various diseases, including malignant tumors, can be alleviated by targeting MDSCs. Moreover, MDSCs can contribute to patient resistance to therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors. In line with these therapeutic approaches, diverse oligonucleotide-based molecules and small molecules have been evaluated for their therapeutic efficacy in several disease models via the modulation of MDSC activity. In the current review, MDSC-targeting oligonucleotides and small molecules are briefly summarized, and we highlight the immunomodulatory effects on MDSCs in a variety of disease models and the application of MDSC-targeting molecules for immuno-oncologic therapy.

T Cell Stimulatory Effects of Korean Red Ginseng through Modulation of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells

  • Jeon, Chan-Oh;Kang, Soo-Won;Park, Seung-Beom;Lim, Kyung-Taek;Hwang, Kwang-Woo;Min, Hye-Young
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.462-470
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    • 2011
  • Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) actively suppress immune cells and have been considered as an impediment to successful cancer immunotherapy. Many approaches have been made to overcome such immunosuppressive factors and to exert effective anti-tumor effects, but the possibility of using medicinal plants for this purpose has been overlooked. Korean red ginseng (KRG) is widely known to possess a variety of pharmacological properties, including immunoboosting and anti-tumor activities. However, little has been done to assess the anti-tumor activity of KRG on MDSCs. Therefore, we examined the effects of KRG on MDSCs in tumor-bearing mice and evaluated immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activities of KRG through MDSC modulation. The data show that intraperitoneal administration of KRG compromises MDSC function and induces T cell proliferation and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$, while it does not exhibit direct cytotoxicity on tumor cells and reduced MDSC accumulation. MDSCs isolated from KRG-treated mice also express significantly lower levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and IL-10 accompanied by a decrease in nitric oxide production compared with control. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that KRG enhances T cell function by inhibiting the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs and suggests that although KRG alone does not exhibit direct anti-tumor effects, the use of KRG together with conventional chemo- or immunotherapy may provide better outcomes to cancer patients through MDSC modulation.

Attenuation of Hepatic Graft-versus-host Disease in Allogeneic Recipients of MyD88-deficient Donor Bone Marrow

  • Lim, Ji-Young;Lee, Young-Kwan;Lee, Sung-Eun;Ju, Ji-Min;Park, Gyeongsin;Choi, Eun Young;Min, Chang-Ki
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.125-134
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    • 2015
  • Acute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is characterized by selective damage to the liver, the skin, and the gastrointestinal tract. Following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, donor bone marrow (BM) cells repopulate the immune system of the recipient. We previously demonstrated that the acute intestinal GVHD (iGVHD) mortality rate was higher in MyD88-deficient BM recipients than that in the control BM recipients. In the present study, the role of MyD88 (expressed by donor BM) in the pathophysiology of hepatic GVHD (hGVHD) was examined. Unlike iGVHD, transplantation with MyD88-deficient T-cell depleted (TCD) BM attenuated hGVHD severity and was associated with low infiltration of T cells into the liver of the recipients. Moreover, GVHD hosts, transplanted with MyD88-deficient TCD BM, exhibited markedly reduced expansion of $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$ myeloidderived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the liver. Adoptive injection of the MDSC from wild type mice, but not MyD88-deficient mice, enhanced hepatic T cell infiltration in the MyD88-deficient TCD BM recipients. Pre-treatment of BM donors with LPS increased MDSC levels in the liver of allogeneic wild type BM recipients. In conclusion, hGVHD and iGVHD may occur through various mechanisms based on the presence of MyD88 in the non-T cell compartment of the allograft.

Glass Transition Temperature of Honey Using Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC): Effect of Moisture Content

  • Kim, Mi-Jung;Yoo, Byoung-Seung
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.356-359
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    • 2010
  • Glass transition phenomena in nine Korean pure honeys (moisture content 18.3~20.1%) and honey-water mixtures by different water contents (0, 2, 5, and 10% w/w) were investigated with modulated different scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The total, reversing, and non-reversing heat flows were quantified during heating using MDSC. Glass transition was observed from reversing heat flow separated from the total heat flow. The glass transition temperatures ($T_g$) of pure honeys, which are in the range of $-42.7^{\circ}C$ to $-50.0^{\circ}C$, varied a lot with low determination coefficient ($R^2$=0.63), whereas those of honey-water mixtures decreased with a decrease in honey content. The $T_g$ values were also more significantly different among honey-water mixtures when compared to pure honeys, indicating that in the honey-water mixture system the $T_g$ values appear to be greatly dependent on moisture content. The measured heat capacity change (${\Delta}C_p$) was not influenced by moisture content.

A Study on the Development of an Electronic Control Unit and the Fault Detection Algorithm for a Motor Driven Steering Column (전동식 조향 칼럼 장치의 전자 제어장치 및 오류 검출 알고리즘 개발에 관한 연구)

  • SunWoo, Myoung-Ho;Lee, Yong-Kook;Lee, Jae-In
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1998.11b
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    • pp.448-450
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    • 1998
  • Global competition of automotive market and affordable prices of electronic components become the major reason that automotive industries rapidly employ a large number of electric and electronic systems to improve vehicle performance and to meet various regulations such as emission, fuel efficiency, and safety. Especially, the provision of a motor-driven steering column (MDSC) for luxury vehicle is getting popular for drivers' convenience. In this study, an MDSC is developed, which provides several intelligent features such as the manual operation for tilting and telescoping the steering wheel, and the save/recall operation for three different steering wheel positions. In addition, the fault detection algorithm is developed.

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Combined Treatment of Herbal Mixture Extract H9 with Trastuzumab Enhances Anti-tumor Growth Effect

  • Lee, Sunyi;Han, Sora;Jeong, Ae Lee;Park, Jeong Su;Jung, Seung Hyun;Choi, Kang-Duk;Yang, Young
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.25 no.7
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    • pp.1036-1046
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    • 2015
  • Extracts from Asian medicinal herbs are known to be successful therapeutic agents against cancer. In this study, the effects of three types of herbal extracts on anti-tumor growth were examined. Among the three types of herbal extracts, H9 showed stronger anti-tumor growth effects than H5 and H11 in vivo. To find the molecular mechanism by which H9 inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines, the levels of apoptotic markers were examined. Proapoptotic markers, including cleaved PARP and cleaved caspases 3 and 9, were increased, whereas the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 was decreased by H9 treatment. Next, the combined effect of H9 with the chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (AC) on tumor growth was examined using 4T1-tumor-bearing mice. The combined treatment of H9 with AC did not show additive or synergetic anti-tumor growth effects. However, when tumor-bearing mice were co-treated with H9 and the targeted anti-tumor drug trastuzumab, a delay in tumor growth was observed. The combined treatment of H9 and trastuzumab caused an increase of natural killer (NK) cells and a decrease of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Taken together, H9 induces the apoptotic death of tumor cells while increasing anti-tumor immune activity through the enhancement of NK activity and diminishment of MDSC.

Tumor-Derived Transforming Growth Factor-β is Critical for Tumor Progression and Evasion from Immune Surveillance

  • Li, Zheng;Zhang, Li-Juan;Zhang, Hong-Ru;Tian, Gao-Fei;Tian, Jun;Mao, Xiao-Li;Jia, Zheng-Hu;Meng, Zi-Yu;Zhao, Li-Qing;Yin, Zhi-Nan;Wu, Zhen-Zhou
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.15 no.13
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    • pp.5181-5186
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    • 2014
  • Tumors have evolved numerous mechanisms by which they can escape from immune surveillance. One of these is to produce immunosuppressive cytokines. Transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a crucial function in mediating immune suppression, especially in the tumor microenvironment. TGF-${\beta}$ produced by T cells has been demonstrated as an important factor for suppressing antitumor immune responses, but the role of tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ in this process is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that knockdown of tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ using shRNA resulted in dramatically reduced tumor size, slowing tumor formation, prolonging survival rate of tumor-bearing mice and inhibiting metastasis. We revealed possible underlying mechanisms as reducing the number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and $CD4^+Foxp3^+$ Treg cells, and consequently enhanced IFN-${\gamma}$ production by CTLs. Knockdown of tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ also significantly reduced the conversion of na$\ddot{i}$ve $CD4^+$ T cells into Treg cells in vitro. Finally, we found that knockdown of TGF-${\beta}$ suppressed cell migration, but did not change the proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells in vitro. In summary, our study provided evidence that tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ is a critical factor for tumor progression and evasion of immune surveillance, and blocking tumor-derived TGF-${\beta}$ may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer.