• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.260-263
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• 2000

A uremic patient on hemodialysis, who had concurrent cardiomyopathy showed intense myocardial uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-methylene diphosphonate (MDP). The presumed cause of uptake in the myocardium is metastatic calcification due to hypercalcemia secondary to the renal failure. However, supplementary mechanism caused by cardiomyopathy should be considered. We describe a case with bone tracer uptake in the myocardium in the absence of infarction in a patient with chronic renal failure.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.143-145
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• 2002

A 49-year-old male patient with a carcinoma of the right pyriform sinus had a whole-body bone scan and gamma camera based F-18 FDG-PET for staging. Tc-99m MDP bone scan depicted diffuse increased uptake in the left femur due to chronic osteomyelitis but no skeletal metastasis. F-18-FDG-PET revealed increased focal bone uptake and uptake in the draining sinus due to chronic osteomyelitis in addition to visualization of the right pyriform sinus carcinoma and right neck nodal uptake. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography is significantly more accurate than the bone scan in pinpointing chronic osteomyelitis focus and draining soft tissue infection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.982-984
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• 2005

효과적인 어플리케이션 로그처리는 어플리케이션 개발 및 운영 시에 매우 중요한 요소 중에 하나이다. 파일이나 콘솔을 이용하여 동기식으로 처리되는 일반적인 로그 서비스는 동시에 대량의 로그를 처리해야 할 경우 시스템에 많은 부하를 주게 되는 문제점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 클라이언트가 지연 없이 로그를 남길 수 있는 비동기식 로그서비스가 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 비동기식 로그서비스 구현을 통해서 Message-Driven POJO(MDP) 구현 기술을 소개하고 최근에 소개된 EJB 3.0 Message Driven Bean(MDB) 기술과 비교 분석해 보도록 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1267-1270
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a distributed routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) where mobile devices can be utilized as relays for communication between remote source-destination nodes. The objective of the proposed algorithm is to minimize the end-to-end communication delay caused by transmission failure with deep channel fading. In each hop, the node needs to select the next relaying node by considering a tradeoff relationship between the link stability and forward link distance. Based on such feature, we formulate the problem with partially observable Markov decision process (MDP) and apply deep reinforcement learning to derive effective routing strategy for the formulated MDP. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other baseline schemes in terms of the average end-to-end delay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.292-296
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• 2009

Tyrosinase catalyzes melanin synthesis in skin melanocytes. The effects of Paeonia sufficinalis water extract (MDP) on antioxidant and tyrosinase activities have been studied in a cell-free system and mouse melanoma B16 cell. Radical scavenging activity of MDP was tested by DPPH assay and it showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity. The cellular tyrosinase activity was measured in mouse melanoma B16 cell by RT-PCR and enzyme activity. Treatment with MDP for 24 hr resulted in decreased tyrosinase mRNA level. Tyrosinase activity was decreased, compared with control, in cells exposed to MDP. Thus, Paeonia sufficinalis water extracts may be a candidate for cosmetic use.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.32-32
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• 2019

Mutation breeding is the useful tool to improve agronomic traits in various crop species. Soybean is most important crop and is rich in protein and oil contents. Despite of the importance as economic value and various genetic resource of soybean, there have been limited studies of genetic relationship among mutant resources through radiation breeding. In this study, the agronomical phenotype for selecting various genetic resources was evaluated in 528 soybean mutant lines. As a result, 210 soybean mutants with their original cultivars were selected with various traits. We named 210 selected lines as Mutant Diversity Pool (MDP). The genetic diversity and the relationship of the MDP were investigated using TRAP and TE-TRAP markers. In TRAP analysis, sixteen primer combination (PC)s were used and a total of 551 fragments were amplified. The highest (84.00%) and the lowest (32.35%) polymorphism levels were showed in PC MIR157B+Ga5 and B14G14B+Ga3, respectively. The mean of PIC values was 0.15 ranging from 0.07 in B14G14B+Sa12 to 0.23 in MIR157B+Sa4. Phylogenetic and population structure analysis indicated that the 210 MDP lines dispersed to four groups among the wild types and their mutants. The highest genetic diversity among populations was observed between lines Paldal and 523-7 (Fst=0.409), whereas the lowest genetic diversity was between population KAS360-22 and 94seori (Fst=0.065). AMOVA showed 11.583 (21.0%) and 43.532 (79.0%) variations in inter and intra mutant population, respectively. Overall, the genetic similarity of each intra mutant populations was closer than that of inter mutant population. A total of 408 fragments were amplified in the 210 MDP using twelve PCs of TE-TRAP markers that were obtained from a combination of three TIR sequence of transposable elements (MITE-stowaway; M-s, MITE-tourist; M-t, PONG). The highest (77.42%) and the lowest (56.00%) polymorphism levels were showed in PONG+Sa4 and PONG+Sa12, respectively. The mean of PIC values was 0.15 ranging from 0.09 in M-s+Sa4 and M-s+Ga5 to 0.21 in M-t+Ga5. AMOVA of M-s showed 2.209 (20%) and 8.957 (80%) variations in inter and intra mutant population, respectively. AMOVA of M-t showed 2.766 (18%) and 12.385 (82%) variations in inter and intra mutant population, respectively. AMOVA of PONG showed 3.151 (29%) and 7.646 (71%) variations in inter and intra mutant population, respectively. According to our study, the PONG had higher inter mutant population and lower intra mutant population. This mean was that for aspect of radiation sensitivity, M-s and M-t showed higher mobility than that of PONG. Our results suggest that the TRAP and the TE-TRAP markers may be useful for assessing the genetic diversity and relationship among soybean MDP and help to improve our knowledge of soybean mutation/radiation breeding.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.35.3-35
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• 2002

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is one of machine learning methods and an RL agent autonomously learns the action selection policy by interactions with its environment. At the beginning of RL research, it was limited to problems in environments assumed to be Markovian Decision Process (MDP). However in practical problems, the agent suffers from the incomplete perception, i.e., the agent observes the state of the environments, but these observations include incomplete information of the state. This problem is formally modeled by Partially Observable MDP (POMDP). One of the possible approaches to POMDPS is to use historical nformation to estimate states. The problem of these approaches is how t..

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.201-206
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• 1994

The linear search problem is concerned with finding a hiden target on the real line R. The position of the target governed by some probability distribution. It is desired to find the target in the least expected search time. This problem has been formulated as an optimization problem by a number of authors without making use of Markov Decision Process (MDP) theory. It is the aim of the paper to give a (MDP) formulation to the search problem which we feel is both natural and easy to follow.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.830-839
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• 2020

As a popular mathematical framework for modeling decision making, Markov decision process (MDP) has been widely used to solve problem in many engineering fields. MDP consists of a set of discrete states, a finite set of actions, and rewards received after reaching a new state by taking action from the previous state. The objective of MDP is to find an optimal policy, that is, to find the best action to be taken in each state to maximize the expected discounted reward of policy (EDR). In practice, MDP is typically unknown, so simulation-based policy improvement (SBPI), which improves a given base policy sequentially by selecting the best action in each state depending on rewards observed via simulation, can be a practical way to find the optimal policy. However, the efficiency of SBPI is still a concern since many simulation samples are required to precisely estimate EDR for each action in each state. In this paper, we propose a method to select the best action accurately in each state using a small number of simulation samples, thereby improving the efficiency of SBPI. The proposed method accumulates the simulation samples observed in the previous states, so it is possible to precisely estimate EDR even with a small number of samples in the current state. The results of comparative experiments on the existing method demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the efficiency of SBPI.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.309-314
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• 1993

We report a case of 33-year-old man with a transient splenic uptake who had traumatic multiple rib fractures and hernoperitoneum combined with underlying liver cirrhosis, liver cirrhosis with liver bed laceration and splenomegaly without any other demonstrable splenic lesion due to traffic accident was found by abdominal ultrasound and surgery. Incidentally, $^{99m}Tc$-MDP Bone scan showed whole prominent splenic uptake, spleen was also visible on $^{99m}Tc$ Tin colloid liver scan. We suggest the splenic uptake of the radionuclide temporary splenic infarct to the transient total splenic infarction or unknown traumatic effect.