• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2004

Essential oils from Needl Juniperrus seed and trunk (Juniperrus rigida Sieb.) and Olibanum resin (Boswellia carteii Birew) were extracted by a supercritical fluid extraction system (SFE) and immune activity of each essential oils were observed. The immune activities of each essential oil were compared. Essential oil from Olibanum resin enhanced the growth of human immune T cell up to 1.33 times, compared to control group. Each essential oils showed the potent inhibitory effect on the human cancer cell lines, and increased the secretion of cytokines, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ from human B cell as well as the growth of human immune cells.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2000

The biological activities of water, ethanol and 50% ethanol extracts from Acanthopanax root bark were compared. 94% of Hep3B cell growth was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark. It was also showed that above 90% of A549 cell growth was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts. The 50% ethanol extracts of A. sessiliflorum root bark showed that the extracts selectivity were from 1.5 to 3.4 by adding all samples. For screening immunomodulating activities, Jurkat(T-cell) was showed that the cell growth and viability were more increased and activited 275% by adding the 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark. The result of anti-mutagenicity of 50% ethanol extracts of A. senticosus root bark was most effective than any other samples. The enhancement of glutathione-S-transferase activity was increased 241% by adding 1.0g/L 1 : 1 extracts of A. senticosus root bark. 72% of oxidation was inhibited by adding 1.0g/L of 50% ethanol extracts from A. senticosus root bark.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1430-1437
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate the changes in isoflavone composition, estrogenic activity and antiestrogenic activity of soybean cultivars of different isoflavone content (Aga 8, Uram, Cheongja 3, and Dawon) with germination. Total isoflavone contents of Aga 8, Dawon and Cheongja 3 was increased from 2,671.74, 261.08 and 2,240.08 to 2,977.50, 966.13 and $2,354.11{\mu}g/g$, respectively after germination except for Uram cultivars, and highest contents of total isoflavone showed $2,977.50{\mu}g/g$ and $2,354.11{\mu}g/g$, respectively in Aga 8 and Cheongja 3 after germination. MTT cell proliferation assay using MCF-7 cells revealed that germinated soybean of Aga 8 and Cheonja 3 obtained not only contained a high content of isoflavone but also had estrogenic activity. Estrogenic activity of Aga 8 and Cheongja 3 soybean extracts increased from 116.21% and 101.60% to 135.34% and 121.05% after germination. These results suggest that germinated soybean of Aga 8 and Cheongja 3 might have a potential preventive effect on estrogen-deficient diseases.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 2004

The cytotoxic effects of water and ethanol extracts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) (EP) and chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions from each extract of EP were examined. Every extract and fraction of EP inhibited the growth of human hepatocarcinoma, human gastric cancer cell, human breast cancer cells and human lung carcunoma in concentration-dependent manners over a concentration range of $0.05{\sim}1.0\;mg/ml$. Most extracts and fractions with the concentraction of 1 mg/ml showed strong inhibition of more than 70% for every cancer cell. Only aqueous fractions of each extract showed very weak inhibitons of 12 to 25% on the growth of human normal lung cell with the concentration of 1 mg/ml. Overall selectivity of the extrats and fractions on the four human cancer cell lines was over 2.5. These results indicate that EP has a very potent selective toxicity for cancer cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.781-789
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• 2011

We studied the biological activities, including antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activities, anti-proliferative activities, and immunological activities of brown rice and germinated brown rice. We examined the DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and reducing power of 70% ethanol extracts from some cultivars of brown rice and germinated brown rice. The total polyphenol, total flavonoid, and ${\gamma}$-oryzanol contents of the extracts were measured with spectrophotometric methods. The Hongjinjubeyo brown rice and germinated brown rice extracts showed markedly higher antioxidative activity than those of 70% ethanol extracts from other cultivars. The 70% ethanol extracts from brown rice and germinated brown rice had the most effective anti-proliferative activity (cytotoxicity) against breast cancer cells (MCF-7) compared to colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116). A $500\;{\mu}g$/mL concentration of 70% Hongjinjubyeo ethanol extract had higher macrophage and mitogenic activities of immunological activity than other cultivars.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.694-708
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• 2007

Objectives : Jageum-Jung is used as an anti-cancer agent in oriental medicine, but the mechanism by which it induces cell death in cancer cells is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Jageum-Jung on apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Methods : Various cancer cell lines including HepG2, C6 glioma, SH-SY5Y, PANC-1, and MCF-7 cells, were used. Apoptosis was determined by DAPI nuclei staining and flow cytometry in HepG2 cells treated with various concentrations (from 25 to 200 ${\mu}g/ml$) of $H_2O$ extract of Jageum-Jung (JGJ) for 48 hrs. Expression of cell cycle arrest mediators including Rb, p53, p21, cyclin B1, cdk4, and cyclin E proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. To estimate intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels and intracellular nitric oxide levels, HepG2 cells were stained with DCFH-DA dye and DAF dye, subjected on flow cytometric analysis. Results : 1. Jageum-Jung decreased the viability of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Jageum-Jung induced the catalytic activation of caspase-3 in HepG2 cells. 3. Jageum-Jung increased the intracellular hydrogen peroxide and NO in HepG2 cells. 4. Jageum-Jung increased the expression of Rb, p53 and p21 in HepG2 cells. 5. Jageum-Jung induced the expression of cyclin B1, cdk4, and cyclin E in HepG2 cells. Conclusions : Taken together, we suggest that Jageum-Jung exhibits cytotoxic effects on HepG2 cells, causing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The results showed that Jageum-Jung may do so by regulating the expression of specific target molecules that promote efficient apoptotic cell death following $G_2$/M phase arrest in a dose-dependent manner.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Licorice has been shown to possess cancer chemopreventive effects. However, glycyrrhizin, a major component in licorice, was found to interfere with steroid metabolism and cause edema and hypertension. The roasting process of licorice modifies the chemical composition and converts glycyrrhizin to glycyrrhetinic acid. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-carcinogenic effects of the ethanol extract of roasted licorice (EERL) and to identify the active compound in EERL. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ethanol and aqueous extracts of roasted and un-roasted licorice were prepared. The active fraction was separated from the methylene chloride (MC)-soluble fraction of EERL and the structure of the purified compound was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The anti-carcinogenic effects of licorice extracts and licochalcone A was evaluated using a MTT assay, Western blot, flow cytometry, and two-stage skin carcinogenesis model. RESULTS: EERL was determined to be more potent and efficacious than the ethanol extract of un-roasted licorice in inhibiting the growth of DU145 and MLL prostate cancer cells, as well as HT-29 colon cancer cells. The aqueous extracts of un-roasted and roasted licorice showed minimal effects on cell growth. EERL potently inhibited growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast, B16-F10 melanoma, and A375 and A2058 skin cancer cells, whereas EERL slightly stimulated the growth of normal IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cells and CCD118SK fibroblasts. The MC-soluble fraction was more efficacious than EERL in inhibiting DU145 cell growth. Licochalcone A was isolated from the MC fraction and identified as the active compound of EERL. Both EERL and licochalcone A induced apoptosis of DU145 cells. EERL potently inhibited chemically-induced skin papilloma formation in mice. CONCLUSIONS: Non-polar compounds in EERL exert potent anti-carcinogenic effects, and that roasted rather than un-roasted licorice should be favored as a cancer preventive agent, whether being used as an additive to food or medicine preparations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1672-1678
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenol, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antiproliferation activity of the citron seed. The citron seed were separated to hull and embryo, and extracted with n-hexane and 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was higher than that of n-hexane extract. IC50 value for DPPH radical scavenging activity of ethanol extract of hull (CSE1) and embryo (CSE2) were 3.18 and 8.43 mg/mL, and those of total antioxidant activity were 19.96 and 11.28 mg AA eq/g, respectively. ACE inhibitory activity and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activity on CSE1 showed the highest values of 31.61 and 45.17%, respectively. Antiproliferation effects on the MCF7, HepG2, H460, HCT-116, and PC3 cell line showed the highest values of 14.09, 19.12, 12.29, 9.78, and 9.12% in extract concentration of 5 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggested that citron seed can be used for development of functional food material which have biological activities.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6511-6516
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• 2012

Recently, we reported that an ethanol extract of Iris nertschinskia induces p53-dependent apoptosis in the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. However, the detailed mechanisms were not fully explored. Here, we demonstrate another aspect of the activity of I. nertschinskia in breast cancer cells. We compared the response to an ethanol extract of I. nertschinskia in two different human breast cancer cell lines, Hs578Tand MDA-MB231, respectively with relatively low and high AKT1/2 activity by trypan blue exclusion assay and FACS analysis. Knockdown of endogenous AKT1 or AKT2 in breast cancer cells by RNA interference determined the sensitivity to I. nertschinskia ethanol extract compared to control cells. The I. nertschinskia ethanol extract induced cell death in a manner that depended on the level of phosphorylated AKT1/2 protein and was associated with a significant increase in the sub-G1 cell population, indicative of apoptosis. Our results indicate that an ethanol extract of I. nertschinskia differentially induces cell death in breast cancer cells depending on their level of phosphorylated AKT1/2.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1637-1642
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• 2015

Background: RhoGTPase-activating proteins (RhoGAPs) regulate RhoGTPases in cells, but whether individual reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate RhoGAPs is unknown. Our previous published papers have shown that deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) inhibits cancer cell migration by its RhoGAP activity. The present study was designed to explore the role of $H_2O_2$ in regulation of DLC1. Materials and Methods: We treated cells with $H_2O_2$ for 24h and phenotypic changes were analyzed by MTT, RT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and wound healing assays. Results: $H_2O_2$ downregulated cyclin D1 and cyclin E to inhibit proliferation, and upregulated BAX to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Compared with non-tumorigenic cells, $H_2O_2$ increased expression of DLC1 and reduced activity of RhoA in cancer cells. Stress fiber production and migration were also suppressed by $H_2O_2$ in MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusions: Our study suggests that $H_2O_2$ inhibits proliferation through modulation of cell cycle and apoptosis-related genes, and inhibits migration by decreasing stress fibers via DLC1/RhoA signaling.