• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.2086-2092
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• 2014

Two novel coordination compounds $[Cu_2(pypya)_3(H_2O)_2]{\cdot}Cl{\cdot}(H_2O)_5$ (1) and $\{[Cd(pypya)(ta)_{1/2}]{\cdot}H_2O\}_n$ (2) (Hpypya=2-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid, $H_2ta$=terephthalic acid) were synthesized and characterized by single X-ray diffraction. Structure determination reveals that complex 1 and complex 2 crystallize in the triclinic system, with the P-1 space group. The asymmetric unit of 1 contains two Cu(II) ions, and their coordination modes are different. These units of complex 1 are linked together via hydrogen bonds and ${\pi}-{\pi}$ interactions, and the 3D structure of complex 1 was formed. Complex 2, a mononuclear Cd(II) coordination compound, has a 2D structure which was constructed via coordination bonds. TGA and fluorescence spectra analysis of complex 1 and complex 2 have also been studied. In addition, the geometry parameters of complex 1 have been optimized with the B3LYP method of density functional theory (DFT) to explain its coordination behavior. The electronic properties of the complex 1 and ligand Hpypya have been investigated based on the nature bond orbital (NBO) analysis at the B3LYP level of theory. The result verifies that the synergistic effect have occurred in the compound.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1866-1872
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of the present experiment was to construct self-draining beds to keep surface bedding materials clean and dry for beef cattle comfort in a temperate climate. Methods: In Experiment 1, a self-draining bed was covered with sand at depths of 10 cm (S-10a), 15 cm (S-15), and 20 cm (S-20) respectively. In Experiment 2, self-draining beds of different sizes were covered with 10 cm of sand (S-10b) and wood shavings (WS) at depths of 15 cm and 20 cm (WS-15 and WS-20). Fifteen cattle were engaged to evaluate the comfort of self-draining beds covered with different bedding materials. Results: No cattle lay in the feed alley and cattle spent more time lying on S-10a than S-15 or S-20 in Experiment 1 (p<0.01). No difference in lying time was detected between S-15 and S-20 (p>0.05). In Experiment 2, no cattle selected the feed alley as the lying area. Cattle preferred WS-15 as the lying area and time spent lying on WS-20 was slightly higher than on S-10b (p<0.05). Feces weight was higher in the feed alley than in the different bedding areas in both Experiments 1 and 2 (p<0.01). Conclusion: Sand-bedding depth at 10 cm and WSs at 15 cm above the self-draining bed can provide for the lying comfort of beef cattle. Design of a special feed alley to hold most of the feces to keep bedding materials clean and dry is desirable for organic beef cattle in a loose barn.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2006

황철석에 대한 압축성 연구를 다이아몬드 앤빌 기기 및 방사광을 이용하고 에너지분산 X-선회절법을 적용하여 상온에서 시행하였다. 황철석의 체적탄성률은 실험조건과 실험기기에 따라 매우 큰 변이를 보이고 있는데 이는 압력전달매체의 특성에 따른 것으로 알려져 있다. $FeS_{2}#1$(황철석+NaCl)과 $FeS_{2}#2$(황철석+MgO)에 대해 압력전달 매체로 각각 NaCl과 유체를 이용하여 체적탄성률 138.9 GPa와 198.2 GPa를 각각 얻었다. 이러한 값은 시료방의 압력상태에 따른 예측 결과치에 대치되는 것으로 그 원인은 압력전달액체의 상변이에 따른 것으로 추정되며 이외에 고상검출기의 차이, E*d값의 차이 등도 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 모든 실험은 포항가속기연구소 1B2 빔라인에서 시행되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.418-427
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• 2023

Toxoplasma gondii infections are primarily diagnosed by serological assays, whereas molecular and fluorescence-based techniques are garnering attention for their high sensitivity in detecting these infections. Nevertheless, each detection method has its limitations. The toxoplasmosis detection capabilities of most of the currently available methods have not been evaluated under identical experimental conditions. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) in BALB/c mice experimentally infected with various doses of T. gondii ME49. The detection of toxoplasmosis from sera and brain tissues was markedly enhanced in mice subjected to high infection doses (200 and 300 cysts) compared to those subjected to lower doses (10 and 50 cysts) for all the detection methods. Additionally, increased B1 gene expression levels and cyst sizes were observed in the brain tissues of the mice. Importantly, IHC, IF, and ELISA, but not RT-PCR, successfully detected T. gondii infections at the lowest infection dose (10 cysts) in the brain. These findings may prove beneficial while designing experimental methodologies for detecting T. gondii infections in mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.929-934
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• 2013

Aim: To analyze the significance of different clinical factors for prognostic prediction in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven DLBCL patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were managed with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) regimen or rituximab plus the CHOP (RCHOP) regimen. Results: Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ${\beta}2$-microglobulin (${\beta}2$-M), B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage and genetic subtypes were statistically relevant in predicting the prognosis of the overall survival (OS). In the CHOP group, the OS in patients with germinal center B-cell-like (GCB)(76.2%) was significantly higher than that of the non-GCB group (51.9%, P=0.032). With RCHOP management, there was no statistical difference in OS between the GCB (88.4%) and non-GCB groups (81.9%, P=0.288). Conclusion: Elevated LDH and ${\beta}2$-M levels, positive B symptoms, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, and primary nodal lymphoma indicate an unfavorable prognosis of DLBCL patients. Patients with GCB-like DLBCL have a better prognosis than those with non-GCB when treated with the CHOP regimen. The RCHOP treatment with the addition of rituximab can improve the prognosis of patients with DLBCL.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1360-1365
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• 2004

Using the method of 'random sampling in typical colonies of the central area of the habitat', 60 Small-tailed Han sheep were obtained in Jining city, Shangdong province. The variations of Small-tailed Han sheep at 12 structural loci encoding blood proteins were detected by several electrophoresis techniques and their gene frequencies were then estimated. The same data of four other sheep populations from Near-sea Mainland in East Asia were cited for the analysis of genetic differentiation. The average heterozygosities of five populations, namely Kharkhorin sheep, Ulaanbaatar sheep, Small-tailed Han sheep, Hu sheep and Cham Tribe sheep were 0.3447, 0.3285, 0.3157, 0.3884 and 0.2300, respectively. The coefficient of gene differentiation among four populations, Kharkhorin sheep, Ulaanbaatar sheep, Small-tailed Han sheep and Hu sheep, was 0.045557, and that between these four breeds and Cham Tribe sheep was 0.088005, indicating that the level of gene differentiation among the former four sheep populations of Mongolian group was comparatively lower than that between Cham Tribe sheep and other four sheep populations. The origin of Cham Tribe sheep deserve further research. The documentary research on the evolution of Small-tailed Han sheep and Hu sheep from Mongolian sheep was further verified by the biochemical experiments in the study. It was reasonably deduced that Hu sheep, Small Tailed Han sheep and Cham Tribe sheep were decreasingly influenced by the bloodline of Mongolian sheep.

• 천문학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.169-172
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• 2005

We present CO(3-2), CO(2-1), and 230 GHz (1.3 mm) continuum images of nearby galaxies taken with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). Our main topic is to study the relation between higher-J molecular gas (e.g., CO J=3-2, 2-1) and nuclear activities (e.g., active galactic nuclei [AGNs] and starbursts). The nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy M51 shows strong CO(3-2) emission from the circumnuclear molecular gas, with an intensity twice as strong as that of the CO(1-0) emission. Strong CO(3-2) emission enhancement suggests that the circum nuclear molecular gas in M51 is warm and dense, which may be related to the AGN activities. Molecular gas in the nearby moderate starburst galaxy NGC 6946 is distributed along the large-scale bar or spiral arms and along the minibar, and the multi-J CO line images show very similar distribution to each other. For this galaxy, there is no clear enhancement in higher-J lines as seen in M51, which may be because NGC 6946 does not have clear AGN activities. Based on the results of these two galaxies, the physical conditions of the circum nuclear molecular gas may be related to the AGN activities. We also observed the nearby edge-on starburst galaxy NGC 3628 and the starburst/Seyfert composite galaxy NGC 4945 with the CO(2-1) line and 230 GHz (1.3 mm) continuum emission. These information will give us some hints for understanding the relation between nuclear activities and circum nuclear molecular gas and dust.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.988-998
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• 2015

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae is a well-known expression host used to express homologous and heterologous proteins in a number of industrial applications. To facilitate higher yields of proteins of interest, we constructed the pAsOP vector to express heterologous proteins in A. oryzae. pAsOP carries a selectable marker, pyrG, derived from Aspergillus nidulans, and a strong promoter and a terminator of the amyB gene derived from A. oryzae. pAsOP transformed A. oryzae efficiently via the PEG-CaCl₂-mediated transformation method. As proof of concept, green fluorescent protein (GFP) was successfully expressed in A. oryzae transformed by pAsOP-GFP. Additionally, we identified a novel fungal α-amylase (PcAmy) gene from Penicillium sp. and cloned the gene into the vector. After transformation by pAsOPPcAmy, the α-amylase PcAmy from Penicillium sp. was successfully expressed in a heterologous host system for the first time. The α-amylase activity in the A. oryzae transformant was increased by 62.3% compared with the untransformed A. oryzae control. The PcAmy protein produced in the system had an optimum pH of 5.0 and optimum temperature of 30^oC. As a cold-adapted enzyme, PcAmy shows potential value in industrial applications because of its high catalytic activity at low temperature. Furthermore, the expression vector reported in this study provides promising utility for further scientific research and biotechnological applications.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1397-1404
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• 2014

A few starters have been developed and used for doenjang fermentation but often without safety evaluation. Filamentous fungi were isolated from industrial doenjang koji, and their potential for mycotoxin production was evaluated. Two fungi were isolated; one was more dominantly present (90%). Both greenish (SNU-G) and whitish (SNU-W) fungi showed 97% and 95% internal transcribed spacer sequence identities to Aspergillus oryzae/flavus, respectively. However, the SmaI digestion pattern of their genomic DNA suggested that both belong to A. oryzae. Moreover, both fungi had morphological characteristics similar to that of A. oryzae. SNU-G and SNU-W did not form sclerotia, which is a typical characteristic of A. oryzae. Therefore, both fungi were identified to be A. oryzae. In aflatoxin gene cluster analysis, both fungi had norB-cypA genes similar to that of A. oryzae. Consistent with this, aflatoxins were not detected in SNU-G and SNU-W using ammonia vapor, TLC, and HPLC analyses. Both fungi seemed to have a whole cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) gene cluster based on PCR of the maoA, dmaT, and pks-nrps genes, which are key genes for CPA biosynthesis. However, CPA was not detected in TLC and HPLC analyses. Therefore, both fungi seem to be safe to use as doenjang koji starters and may be suitable fungal candidates for further development of starters for traditional doenjang fermentation.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2006

Sophorae Radix (SFR) is known as a therapeutic drug that has been used in Oriental traditional medicine for the treatment of skin and mucosal ulcers, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, diarrhea, inflammation and arrhythmia. In the present study, we examined the effects of the aqueous extract of SFR on anti-inflammation, anti-allergic and anti-oxidant effect in various cell lines; they include mouse lung fibroblast cells (hFCs), human mast cells (HMC-1), human monocytic cells (THP-1), and RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with SFR extract at a concentration of 250 ${\mu}g$/ml for 24h showed no significant decrease in the survival rate of the hFCs. SFR decreased the mRNA expression of IL-8, TNF-$\alpha$, and IL-6 in HMC-1 cells. SFR extract treatment significantly inhi-bited the protein expression of IL-6 and, IL-8 induced by mite in THP-1 cells and it also did MCP-1 expression. We examined the alternation of histamine release in HMC-1 cells for investigating anti-allergic effect of SFR. Histamine secretion decreased after the treatment with SFR. In addition, SFR extract treatment at a concentration of 10 ${\mu}g$/ml, 100 ${\mu}g$ /ml, and 200 ${\mu}g$/ml lowered the $\beta$-hexosaminidase to 10.3%, 21.7%, and 50.8%, respectively. IC50 of SFR extract in RBL-2H3 cells was 196.85 ${\mu}g$/ml. Both activity of NF-$\kappa$B promoter in RBL-2H3 cells significantly diminished after the dose-dependent treatment of SFR. Therefore, our results indicate that SFR has anti-inflammatory and it may be useful for treating allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.