• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.704-714
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• 1997

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the operation and the environment of foodservice in elementary schools nationwide. A questionnaire about foodservice management to practice and foodservice operation was mailed to dietitians of each school . Of the 1, 416 schools that participated in this survey, 388 schools were selected for analysis. The main results of this study are as follows. More schools in small cities . Education levels of dietitians were significantly different from area to area. Mean total length of employment for dietitians at school foodservice was 4.7 years and varied significantly by area and the type of foodservice system. Foodservice has been operated for 2-5 years in most of schools. Schools in large cities served more people than those in small cities and rural areas. Also , schools adapting conventional foodservice system served more people than those adapting commissary or joint management system. Foodservice expense also veried significantly by area and foodservice systems. Mean foodservice expense per meal were significantly higher in schools adapting commissary system than those adapting other systems. Most schools employed dietitians, cooks, and assistant cooks, but not engineers not drivers. Mothers of students were working voluntarily. The degree of participation by mothers in cooking , serving , and cleaning was higher in schools of small cities and rural areas than those in large cities, in schools adapting commissary or joint management system than those adapting conventional system. Education and training ranked as personnel management had one of the hardest tasks. Education and training of employees were also difficult for dietitians, especially in commissary or joint management systems. Percentage of schools having separate lunchroom was higher in small cities rural areas than in large cities, in joint management or commissary system than conventional system. Most difficult matters in serving was the portion control. Over 40% of schools did not use standard recipes. Menu cycles were shorter in schools in small cities and rural areas which adapted the joint management system than area other schools. Except refrigerators, thermos , display racks, sterilizers, sinks, worktables, and table, all other equipment were insufficient in most of schools. More than half of the schools didn't have rice cookers, flatware racks, and distributing carts which are stated plainly in detailed enforcement regulations for school foodservice. Cooking equipments were described as the most needed by dietians. According to the results of this survey, many and urgent problems need to be addressed improve the quality of school foodservice . Lunchroom setups, effective personnel management and expenses, recipes standardization, serving size control and regular checking and repairing of equipments are all problems to be addressed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.585-592
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• 1996

This paper analyzes the impact of digitalization on networks in Seoul Metropolitan Area by considering facility investment together with operatinng costs. A stepwise evolution method toward a digitalized double-homming architecture is proposed to accommodate most efficiently with existing analog-oriented networks.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 1999

A genetic algorithm to determine the optimal signal sequence and double cycle pattern is described. The signal sequence and double cycle pattern are used as the input for TRANSYT to find optimal signal timing at each junction in the area traffic networks, In the genetic process, the partially matched crossover and simple crossover operators are used for evolution of signal sequence and double cycle pattern respectively. A special conversion algorithm is devised to convert the signal sequence into the link-stage assignment for TRANSYT. Results from tests using data from an area traffic network in Leicester region R are given.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.57-61
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• 2006

Growth possibility is big to culture tourism resources and representative tourist resort of the Korea that use view of nature photon circle properly such as ceramics that target area possesses. Area development plan through growth possibility should be arranged to international ceramics production complex and distribution complex. Therefore, Marketing analyzing future district theme establishment and strength in priority via past and present of target area.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.32-41
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• 2012

In recent times, multi-centralization and decentralization as well as large Capital area and suburbanization in the spatial structure of capital area. With rapid growth, urbanization and industrialization are unsystematic, and growth inequality between regions caused negative effects such as discordant centralization and decentralization, fluctuating land value, and gap between living conditions. Accordingly, this study analyzed urban spatial indexes by the self-governed body in the capital area such as Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi province for the analysis of the regional inequality phenomenon. We examined the characteristics of temporal and spatial changes in urban spatial structure in the capital area by utilizing the distribution pattern and density of city indexes such as population, employment, etc, and then drew the commonality of those factors through factor analysis. We evaluated the drawn results through the city standard index by each city, conducted factor score analysis, and identified the interaction between each factor and Housing Purchase Price Composite Indices index, housing rent price index(Housing Jeonse Price Composite Indices), land price fluctuation rate, diffusion ratio of house, and financial independence.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.105-123
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify housewives’housing values, to explore the degree of housewives’housing satisfaction according to residential area and to investigate the relative importance of housing values which affect housewives’housing satisfaction according to residential area and socio-demographic variables. The subjects of this study were 1,984 married women living in Taegu. A questionnaire was used as survey method. The data was analyzed by means of factor analysis, ANOVA, Scheffe test and regression analysis. The main findings were as follow: First, there was significant difference in housewives’housing values according to residential area. Second, housewives’housing satisfaction was found to be significantly different according to residential area. Third, housewives’housing satisfaction was significantly affected by housing values according to residential area and socio-demographic variables.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

This study purposed to analyze the spatial pattern and the amount of carbon emission at the deforestation area in Gangwondo. Forest geographic information system(FGIS) and administrative data were used in the analysis. The area size and spatial patterns of deforestation area were analyzed according to the article 3.3 of Kyoto protocol. Forest administration data for 9 years from 2000 to 2008 were entered into a database. Fifty-nine percent of deforestation area was found within 200m of the road network, and seventy-five percent of the area was found within 500m. Theoretical carbon emission based on deforestation area was estimated at 6,968tc. Carbon emission of national forest was 5.7times higher than that of private forest.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.285-294
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• 2004

Rather than focusing on the general recognition of the area and extensive preference about its native cuisine, this study carried out more practical examination on the recognition of the native cuisine by presenting the more detailed introduction of the native cuisine in Hadong area. The findings of this study can be used as basic materials to devise measures for the instillation and advertisement of Hadong area's image, the development and maintenance of its native cuisine benefiting the activation of the local economy, and the reestablishment of Hadong area's native cuisine culture. First, the overall recognition of Hadong area's native cuisine was low and more consumption needs to be boosted by merchandising its foods through the strengthening of recognition. Second, correlation between this area's native cuisine was revealed and tables need to be set and menus need to be organized with this correlation in mind. Basic materials for suggestion sale were garnered. Third, given that most outside tourists visit Hadong by word mouth of all the information sources available, it is highly likely that positive word of mouth through satisfaction with native cuisine will raise the overall recognition of the area. Fourth, precise subdivision market and target market need to be specified. Though the factors like economic costs and the time required cannot be overlooked in strengthening recognition, consistent advertisement to the middle-aged people who are over 40 and live in Kyungsang-Do area will contribute to the fast rise in the recognition of Hadong area's native cuisine, leading to the possibility of economic development in the process.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.59-69
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• 2002

This study is designed to derive a cost estimation method for the management of green areas in apartment housing blocks. For this purpose, quantity of green areas, their usages, management techniques were analyzed through a survey of residents. In this process, contingent valuation method(CVM) is utilized to evaluate the cost of green areas. The survey was conducted for about two weeks in June of 2002. The amount of willingness to pay(WTP) for green area management is calculated by the CVM program. The findings are as follows; First, the residents want more green areas in their apartment blocks, as well as in the surrounding urban areas, due to the shortage of green areas in their living environments. Second, the residents' opinion on green area is summarized as that of natural environment protectionist - it helps living environment to be more amenable and contributes the preservation of urban and global environments. This fact can be interpreted as the peoples profound recognition toward green areas. Third, the contingent valuation method(CVM) is suitable to evaluate WTP for management costs of green areas. Fourth, more than half of the residents(61.6%) agreed upon the costs of green area supply and management. calculated by the CVM. Estimated WTP is ￦ 1,900~2,400 per month per household.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.93-106
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• 2005

This article is based on the findings of problems and limits in implementing integrated coastal management strategy in Shihwa Lake area to develop management framework, mechanisms and processes that insure the participation of various stakeholders in making decisions for sustainable development of reclaimed land. The project performance of the Shihwa Comprehensive Management Plan for Water Quality and Environment Restoration formulated in 2001 was evaluated and reviewed to give some valuable guidance for reducing the wide gap between integrated planning and implementation. Managing inter-sectoral conflicts among future land uses in Shihwa reclaimed area is one of the most important issues to make progress in integrated coastal management. There is a urgent need of developing scientific decision-supporting tools for evaluating the alternative scenarios as well as capacity building programs for local stakeholders.