• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.68-74
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• 2010

Phytochemical investigation on the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of Moutan Cortex resulted in the isolation and characterization of a new monoterpene glycoside (3) and twenty known monoterpene glycosides (1, 2, 4-21). The structure of 3 was determined by spectroscopic data interpretation and physico-chemical properties. Compounds 1 and 8 presented a remarkable inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase-1 (LOX-1) with $IC_{50}$ values of 45.2 and $37.5\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Compounds 9, 10, 13, 18, 19, and 21 showed significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect with $IC_{50}$ values of 9.8, 25.5, 6.4, 15.2, 18.7, and $23.7\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Benzoylpaeoniflorin (8), which exhibited the highest inhibitory effect with an $IC_{50}$ value of $37.5{\pm}0.7{\mu}M$, was further analyzed the inhibition kinetics by Lineweaver-Burk plots. Results indicated that 8 is a non-competitive inhibitor, and the kinetic parameter values were estimated to be ($31.04\;{\mu}M$, Ki), ($0.29\;{\mu}M/min$, $V_m$), and ($48.50\;{\mu}M$, $K_m$).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Bacillus-fermented Scutellariae Radix acupuncture solution (SB) on interleukin(IL) production in mouse macrophage stimulatedby lipopolysaccaride(LPS). Methods : Productions of interleukins were measured y High-throughput Multiplex Bead based Assay with Bio-plex Suspension Array System based on $xMAP^{(R)}$(multi-analyte profiling beads) technology. To begin with, cell culture supernatant was obtained after treatment with LPS(1 ${\mu}g/mL$) and SB for 24 hour. Then, it was incubated with the antibody-conj${\mu}g$ated beads for 30 minutes. And detection antibody was added and incubated for 30 minutes. After incubating for 30 minutes, Strepavidin-conjugated Phycoerythrin(SAPE) was then added. Incubating for another 30 minutes, the level of SAPE fluorescence was analyzed on Bio-plex Suspension Array System. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-3($9.15{\pm}0.35$ pg/mL) by $6.92{\pm}0.05,\;7.21{\pm}0.11,\;6.96{\pm}0.33,\;and\;7.45{\pm}0.74$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells (p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-5($7.30{\pm}0.48$ pg/mL) by $6.50{\pm}0.29,\;6.30{\pm}0.25,\;6.30{\pm}0.25,\;and\;5.80{\pm}0.25$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 50 100, and 200 ${\mg}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells (p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced productiion of IL-9($17.26{\pm}0.19$ pg/mL) by $15.01{\pm}0.43$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced productioh of IL-13($187.80{\pm}2.90$ pg/mL) by $152.80{\pm}4.25,\;172.80{\pm}3.97,\;162.10{\pm}6.67,\;and\;165.30{\pm}11.80$ pg/mL at the concentration fo 25, 50, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-17($18.30{\pm}0.95$ pg/mL) by $13.30{\pm}1.25,\;13.80{\pm}1.11,\;13.30{\pm}0.75,\;and\;14.00{\pm}1.08$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 50 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). SB significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of IL-23($43.90{\pm}0.83$ pg/mL by $39.50{\pm}1.26,\;38.00{\pm}1.78,\;and\;39.60{\pm}2.49$ pg/mL at the concentration of 25, 100, and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ in RAW 264.7 cells(p<0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that SB has anti-inflammatory activity related with its inhibition of IL-3, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-23 production in macrophages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.55-55
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 전통적으로 담석증, 신장치료 등의 한약제로 많이 사용하는 대왕을 여러 용매를 사용하여 얻은 대왕추출물 분액에 대한 세포독성을 여부를 MTT 정량법, NR 정량법, SRB 정량법을 이용하여 조사하였다. 1. 추출 용매 methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, butanol, water로부터 얻은 대왕추출물 모두 처리농도에 따라 세포에 미치는 영향이 증가하였다. 2. Butanol을 용매로 사용하여 얻은 대왕추출물 분액이 다른 3가지 용매로부터 얻은 대왕추출물보다 세포에 미치는 영향이 크게 나타났고 water를 용매로 사용하여 얻은 추출물이 A498 세포주에 미치는 영향이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 3. Butanol을 추출 용매로 하여 얻은 대왕추출물이 A498 세포주에 미치는 영향이 가장 컸는데 그 추출물에 대한 MTT50, NR50, SRB50값은 각각 0.63mg/m1, 0.65mg/ml, 0.68mg/ml이었고, 가장 영향이 적은 water의 경우 MTT50, NR50, SRB50값은 각각 0.84mg/m1, 0.82mg/m1, 0.80mg/ml이었다. 4. 정량방법 간의 대왕추출물에 대한 반응은 MTT 정량법이 가장 민감하게 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.341-344
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• 1997

Calli were induced from the cotyledon and the hypocotyl of alfalfa and the callus lines were tested for the resistance to glyphosate in the liquid medium containing 0.01-3.00 mM glyphosate. Some resistant cell lines were selected from the gradual increase of glyphosate concentration and the lines resistant to 10 mM glyphosate were analyzed with EPSPS activity. Vigorous callus proliferation from the cotyledon and the hypocotyl was observed from the MS medium containing 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L kinetin. The hypocotyl was thought to be better explant source for callus induction than the cotyledon. $ID_{50}$ (Inhibition Dosage of 50%) to glyphosate was between 0.1 mM and 0.2 mM level. A49-10G and A58-10G cell lines selected as resistant to 10 mM glyphosate had 8.0 and 9.1 fold increased EPSPS activity to those of the control lines, respectively.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.205-210
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• 2014

Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach (Po) and Potentilla fragarioides var. major Maxim (Pf) extracts were analyzed to investigate anti-inflammation through their suppressing effects on free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, with regard to Po and Pf, an analysis was conducted of their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide, which is produced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and their inhibitory effect on the translocation of the nucleus of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$). The $IC_{50}$ value of ROS, which was induced by $50{\mu}M$ 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1), was found to be $23.35{\pm}1.27{\mu}g/mL$ due to the effect of the Po extract, and $8.46{\pm}1.22{\mu}g/mL$ due to the effect of the Pf extract. In addition, the $IC_{50}$ value of peroxynitrite treated with the Po extract was $2.19{\pm}0.04{\mu}g/mL$, whereas that of peroxynitrite treated with the Pf extract was $0.80{\pm}0.02{\mu}g/mL$. ROS and peroxynitrite were induced by $50{\mu}M$ 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride. There was an increase in the amount of nitric oxide in the RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS ($1{\mu}g/mL$), whereas the level of NO was observed to significantly and dose-dependently decrease in the cells treated with Po and Pf. The amount of nitric oxide produced by the group treated with $10{\mu}g/mL$ of the Pf extract was $11.45{\pm}0.57{\mu}M$. Furthermore, the Po extracts inhibited the translocation of the nucleus of NF-${\kappa}B$ in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, it is highly possible that Po and Pf have anti-inflammatory properties.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2009

To develop a new natural whitening agent for cosmetics, we investigated the inhibitory effects of Pogostemon cablin Bentham extracts (PCE) and its active component on melanogenesis. PCE showed ROS scavenging activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with the $IC_{50}$ values of $24.2{\pm}2.85{\mu}g/mL$ and $IC_{50}=118{\pm}0.43{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. PCE reduced melanin contents of B16 melanoma cells in a dose-dependant manner and decreased to about 23 % at a concentration of $20{\mu}g/mL$ without cell cytotoxicity (below $100{\mu}g/mL$). And the PCE reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about 18 % at concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. We purified one active compound from PCE and identified its structure. It was identified as patchouli alcohol, sesquiterpene family, by 1H-NMR, $13_C$-NMR, and Mass analysis. Patchouli alcohol also inhibited ROS scavenging activities in DPPH radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase system with the $IC_{50}$ values of $3.14{\pm}0.12{\mu}g/mL$ and $49{\pm}3.24{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Patchouli alcohol inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose dependent manner ($IC_{50}=3.9{\mu}g/mL$). And the patchouli alcohol reduced intracellular tyrosinase activity about 40 % at concentration of $10{\mu}g/mL$. Patchouli alcohol inhibited tyrosinase and TRP-2 expression at protein level. These results suggest that PCE and patchouli alcohol reduced melanin formation by the inhibited of tyrosinase activity and expression in B16 melanoma cells. Therefore, we suggest that PCE could be used as a useful whitening agent.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.482-490
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• 2011

In this study, the antioxidative effects and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase of Sorbus commixta (S. commixta) twig extracts were investigated. The aglycone fraction of S. commixta twig extract showed the prominent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity($FSC_{50}$, $13{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities of S. commixta twig extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated by the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The 50 % ethanol extract among extracts showed the most prominent ROS scavenging activity ($OSC_{50}$, $0.189{\mu}g/mL$). The cellular protective effects of extract/fractions of S. commixta twig on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The 50 % ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed the cellular protective effects against ROS in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$). The inhibitory effect of S. commixta twig extract on tyrosinase was investigated to assess the whitening efficacy. The ethyl acetate ($IC_{50}$, $113.2{\mu}g/mL$) and aglycone fraction($IC_{50}$, $105.3{\mu}g/mL$) on tyrosinase showed more remarkable inhibitory effect than arbutin($IC_{50}$, $226.88{\mu}g/mL$), known as the whitening agent. The inhibitory effect of aglycone fraction ($IC_{50}$, $6.9{\mu}g/mL$) on elastase was simillar to quercetin($IC_{50}$, $6.1{\mu}g/mL$), flavonoid known as reference compound. These results indicate that extract/fractions of S. commixta twig can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS. S. commixta twig extracts can be applicable to new functional cosmetics for anti-aging products.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.96-96
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• 2019

Sedum kamchaticum, Sedum middendorffianum and Sedum takesimense belong to the sebum species. Especially, Sedum takesimense is a Korean native species growing only on Ullenung-do. Few studies for the biological activities of these plants have been reported. In this study, we examined biological activity and the contents of functional components of the aerial part and the root part of Sedum kamchaticum, Sedum middendorffianum and Sedum takesimense. As the results, the roots of Sedum takesimense showed the highest total phenolic contents (TPC : $13040{\pm}50.0mg\;GAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$), and the aerial part of Sedum takesimens showed the highest total flavonoid contents (TFC : $2722.2{\pm}107.1mg\;CAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$). Meanwhile, Sedum middendorffianum exhibited the highest anti-oxidant activity (DPPH $RC_{50}$ value of aerial part : $50.69{\pm}0.75{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, DPPH $RC_{50}$ value of root part : $27.27{\pm}0.55{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$; ABTS $RC_{50}$ value of aerial part : $11.32{\pm}0.38{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, ABTS $RC_{50}$ value of roots part $5.54{\pm}0.02{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The root part of Sedum middendorffianum showed the potent alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity (AGI $IC_{50}$ : $60.69{\pm}0.72{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). In order to elucidate active principle of Sedum middendorffianum that was shown the most potent antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities, the methanol extract of Sedum middendorffianum was fractionated with various solvents according to the polarity successively. As a result, EtOAc fraction of Sedum middendorffianum showed the highest contents of functional components (TPC : $16245.8{\pm}1025.7mg\;GAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$, TFC : $4850.4{\pm}182.9mg\;CAE{\cdot}100g^{-1}$). And it also showed excellent anti-oxidant activities (DPPH $RC_{50}$ : $14.0{\pm}0.6{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, ABTS $RC_{50}$ : $3.4{\pm}0.1{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and anti-diabetic activity (AGI $IC_{50}$ : $79.0{\pm}2.2{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). Above results suggest that Sedum middendorffianum can be developed to health functional material as a plant resource with potent antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.366-372
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to compare two commercial root canal medicaments, ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa, USA) and OrthoMTA (Bio MTA, Korea), by assessing the antimicrobial effects on three selected species commonly found in root canals of infected teeth, namely Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Colonies of these bacteria were treated with varied concentrations of ProRoot MTA or OrthoMTA over different lengths of time. The results are as follows : 50, 25 and 12.5 mg/mL of ProRoot MTA or OrthoMTA did not completely inhibit the growth of E. faecalis, but a decreased growth rate was evident in comparison to the control (p < 0.05). 50 mg/mL of both materials successfully eliminated F. nucleatum during the first 24 hours. Regrowth of microbes after 24 hours, however, indicated a diminished effect of ProRoot MTA whereas OrthoMTA showed its continuously sustained antimicrobial actions (p < 0.05). 50 mg/mL of ProRoot MTA and 50, 25 mg/mL of OrthoMTA exerted their full antibacterial actions against S. epidermidis during the first 24 hours. Although the regrowth of colony was observed after 24 hours, the rate of growth was significantly decreased, approximating a complete inhibition (p < 0.05). The present study revealed that OrthoMTA, recently developed in Korea, had antimicrobial activity higher than ProRoot MTA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.1090-1099
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• 2015

Among the four different parts of mulberry (Morus alba L.) tree, ethanol extract of Morus root bark showed the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}=12.01{\mu}g/mL$). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extract of root bark by Diaion HP-20, silica gel, ODS-A, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies led to the isolation of four compounds, including Compound (Comp.) 1 ($IC_{50}=5.22{\mu}g/mL$), Comp. 2 ($IC_{50}=1.78{\mu}g/mL$), Comp. 3 ($IC_{50}=2.94{\mu}g/mL$), and Comp. 4 ($IC_{50}=1.54{\mu}g/mL$) with strong ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Their chemical structures were elucidated as morusin (Comp. 1), kuwanon H (Comp. 2), chalcomoracin A (Comp. 3), and chalcomoracin B (Comp. 4) by UV and NMR spectral analyses. These results suggest that prenylflavonoid and mulberrofuran of Morus root bark may be useful as potential therapeutic agents for diabetes.