• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.330-343
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• 2002

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Pijae to Doraegijae in Baekdudaegan, forty-three sites(size 500$m^2$) were set up and surveyed By using TWINSPAN classification. the plant community was divided into five groups, those are mixed forest on sub-alpine zone. Quercus mongolica - Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community, Q. mongolica-Pinus densiflora community, and Larix leptolepis forest. Quercus mongolica was found as a major woody plant species in the ridge area. And partly the subalpine zone in low elevation was occupied by deciduous tree species and mixed a few conifer such as Abies nephrolepis and Taxus cuspidata etc.. Species diversity index(Area 1,000$m^2$) in the showed calculated 2.0149~3.0139 and it was similar to those of the ridge area of the national parks in Beakdudaegan.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.326-330
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• 2006

The results of the research for the whitening effect and functional machanism of 1-(2-cyclohexylmethoxy-6-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-propenone are as follow : 1. Propenone inhibited concentration-dependently the generation of melanin increased by the stimulation of ${\alpha}$-MSH and protoporphyrin IX, and $IC_{50}$ value was six to eight ${\mu}M$. This was five to seven times superior in the inhibiting effect, compared with kojic acid used as positive control group. 2. Propenone did not have a decolorizing effect on melanin already generated. 3. Propenone was observed to have toxicity of over $100{\mu}M$ for the mouse melanoma B16 cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.326-330
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• 2010

A laser based needle-free liquid drug injection device has been developed. A laser beam is focused inside the liquid contained in the rubber chamber of micro scale. The focused laser beam causes explosive bubble growth, and the sudden volume increase in a sealed chamber drives a microjet of liquid drug through the micronozzle. The exit diameter of a nozzle is 125 ${\mu}m$ and the injected microjet reaches an average velocity of 264 m/s. This device adds the time-varying feature of microjet to the current state of liquid injection for drug delivery.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.86-91
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• 2003

In this study, in order to examine whether salt and heat shock stress would alter or not contraction and relaxation of isolated rat aorta. Under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital(50 mg Kg$^{-1}$ i.p.), male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 300-330 g were subjected to 0, heat shock combined salt stress, where as the sham group was left at modified Krebs-bicarbonate solution. To measure contractile response of vascular ring preparation isolated from rat was determined in organ bath and was recorded on physiograph connected to isometric transducer. And the strip was checked for expression of heat shock protein(Hsps) by means of western blotting. The combination group of heat and 50 mM NaCl group increased vascular contractility, and the heat and 150 mM NaCl group decreased vascular contractility for 5 hours, and then recovered for 8 hours compared to that of control. Expressin of Hsp 70 of vascular muscle of rat aorta more increased by combination of heat and NaCl treatment than those of single treatment of heat or NaCl treatment, and vascular Hsp 70 showed a little decrease at 8 hours compared at 5 hours. These result indicate that mixed environmental stress either increased or decreased in vascular contractility by combination of heat and NaCl concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.326-330
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• 2020

Small-scale production control systems for smart manufacturing are becoming increasingly necessary as the manufacturing industry seeks to maximize manufacturing efficiency as the demand for customized product production increases. Correspondingly, the development of an embedded system to realize this capability is becoming important. In this study, we developed an embedded system based on an open source system that is cheaper than a widely applied programmable logic controller (PLC)-based production control system that is easier to install, configure, and process than a conventional relay control panel. This embedded system is system is based on a low-power, high-performance Cortex M4 processor and can be applied to smart manufacturing. It is designed to improve the development environment and compatibility of existing PLCs, control small-scale production systems, and enable data collection through heterogeneous communication. The real-time response characteristics were confirmed through an operation test for input/output control and data collection, and it was confirmed that they can be used in industrial sites.

• Mycobiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2012

A ${\beta}$-glucosidase from Penicillium italicum was purified with a specific activity of 61.8 U/mg, using a chromatography system. The native form of the enzyme was an 88.5-kDa tetramer with a molecular mass of 354 kDa. Optimum activity was observed at pH 4.5 and $60^{\circ}C$, and the half-lives were 1,737, 330, 34, and 1 hr at 50, 55, 60, and $65^{\circ}C$, respectively. Its activity was inhibited by 47% by 5 mM $Ni^{2+}$. The enzyme exhibited hydrolytic activity for p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (pNP-Glu), p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-cellobioside, p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-xyloside, and cellobiose, however, no activity was observed for p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-lactopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-D-galactopyranoside, carboxymetyl cellulose, xylan, and cellulose, indicating that the enzyme was a ${\beta}$-glucosidase. The $k_{cat}/K_m\;(s^{-1}mM^{-1})$ values for pNP-Glu and cellobiose were 15,770.4 mM and 6,361.4 mM, respectively. These values were the highest reported for ${\beta}$-glucosidases. Non-competitive inhibition of the enzyme by both glucose ($K_i=8.9mM$) and glucono-${\delta}$-lactone ($K_i=11.3mM$) was observed when pNP-Glu was used as the substrate. This is the first report of non-competitive inhibition of ${\beta}$-glucosidase by glucose and glucono-${\delta}$-lactone.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.313-318
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• 1997

Effects of the concentration of NaCl, the concentration and the molecular weight of chitosan on the permeability of capsule type fertilizer and herbicide were investigated. The encapsulating process was based on the electrostatic interaction between chitosan (a polycationic polymer) and sodium alginate (an anionic polysaccharide). Sodium alginate solution $(1\%)$ was dropped into chitosan solution $(1\%)$ in which various amounts of NaCl was added. The capsule strength was increased with the addition of NaCl and the maximum value of capsule strength was observed at 0.3M NaCl. Capsule type fertilizer and herbicide were immersed in deionized water to determine its permeability, and it was affected by the concentration of NaCl and chitosan, and the molecular weight of chitosan. As the concentration of NaCl in chitosan solution increased, permeability of the capsule increased and marked the maximum value of $ 88\%$(fertilizer), $87\%$ (herbicide) at 0.75M NaCl. As concentration of chitosan solution increased, permeability tended to decreased; it showed the maximum value of $90\%$ (fertilizer) and $90.3\%$ (herbicide) at $0.25\%$ chitosan and the minimum value of $83\%$ (fertilizer) and $82\%$ (herbicide) at $1\%$ chitosan. Permeability of fertilizer and herbicide also decreased, as the molecular weight of chitosan (material of capsule) was decreased; it was showed $86\%$ (fertilizer) and $83\%$ (herbicide) at M.W 330,000 (sonication time 0min) and $52\%$ (fertilizer) and $51\%$ (herbicide) at M.W 119,000 (sonication time 180 min). The chitosan-alginic acid capsule was manufactured (defined as prepared capsule), dried for 6 hrs and immersed in deionized water (defined as restored capsule) to examine restoration of capsule. Restoration of capsule was good, and capsule strength was slightly decreased form $20g/cm^2$ (prepared capsule) to $17g/cm^2$ (restored capsule)

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 2015

The electrolyte flow rates of vanadium redox flow battery play very important role in terms of ion transfer to electrolyte, kinetics and pump efficiency in system. In this paper a vanadium redox flow battery single cell was tested to suggest the optimization criteria of electrolyte flow rates on the efficiencies. The compared electrolyte circulation flow rates in this experimental work were 15, 30 and 45 mL/min. The charge/discharge characteristics of the flow rate of 30 mL/min was the best out of all flow rates in terms of charging and discharging time. The current efficiencies, voltage efficiencies and energy efficiencies at the flow rate of 30 mL/min were the best. The IR losses obtained at thd current density of $40mA/cm^2$, at the flow rates of 15, 30 and 45 mL/min were 0.085 V, 0.042 V and 0.115 V, respectively. The charge efficiencies at the current density of $40mA/cm^2$ were 96.42%, 96.45% and 96.29% for the electrolyte flow rates of 15, 30 and 45 mL/min, respectively. The voltge efficiencies at the current density of $40mA/cm^2$ were 77.34%, 80.62% and 76.10% for the electrolyte flow rates of 15, 30 and 45 mL/min, respectively. Finally, the energy efficiencies at the current density of $40mA/cm^2$ were 74.57%, 77.76% and 73.27% for the electrolyte flow rates of 15, 30 and 45 mL/min, respectively. The optimum flow rates of electrolytes were 20 mL/min in most of operating variables of vanadium redox flow battery.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.3
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• pp.330-335
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• 2016

This study was conducted to derive merchantable volume ratio for 5 major species such as Pinus Densiflora (Central Region). The data used for this study was from at least more than 1,300 trees of research data throughout the country. the study applied two estimation equations, which were the estimation equation for wood volume ratio representing total wood volume to total tree stem volume and the estimation equation for merchantability representing ratio of merchantable volume to total wood volume. The merchantable volume ratio was derived by multiplying those two estimation equations. In order to gain wood volume ratio(W) from DBH, $W=\frac{a_1}{1+a_2/D}+\frac{b_1}{1+b_2/D}$ model was used. Fitness index of it was more than 99% by species, and other test statistics also indicated the suitability of this equation enough. Merchantability (M) for wood volume applied $M=e^{a_1\(\frac{d}{D}\)^{a_2}}-(b_0+b_1D+b_2D^2+b_3D^3)$ model and fitness index was more than 96% by species. Merchantable volume ratio was assessed using those two estimation equations by each 5 species, and constructed a merchantable volume ratio table. In result, merchuntable volume ratio was little difference between stand types, but there was slightly different with the existing standard such as conifers of 85% and non-conifers of 70%.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2013

We already reported four groups which contains some similar strains based on URP-PCR in the previous paper. The objective of this study was to confirm those strains by the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and vegetative compatibility group (VCG). AFLP analysis showed no difference among these strains except ASI 2595 and 2183 in Weonhyeong group and ASI 2829 in Suhan group. They showed specific DNA bands only in the result of P + AG/M + AAG and P + GT/M + ATG primer combinations out of eight different combinations. The AFLP primers produced a total of 330 fragments between 80 and 1000 bp in length for 31 Pleurotus ostreatus strains. At a genetic similarity of 0.96, the UPGMA analysis separated the isolates into four distinct clusters. Each group was classified by similar strains. Confrontation test by vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) also showed distinct line between strains from different groups, but no line between similar strains within the cluster. Our results indicate that most of similar strains was not distinctness. Thus, similar strains are considered to be very close on the genealogy of their parent or same strain with different name.