The Permeability of Capsule Type Fertilizer and Herbicide with Chitoasn and Alginic Acid

Chitosan과 Alginic Acid를 이용한 캡슐형 비료 및 제초제의 투과특성

  • LEE Keun-Tai (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong national University) ;
  • KIM Sang-Moo (Department of Fisheries Resources Development, Kangnung National University) ;
  • PARK Seong-Min (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong national University) ;
  • SON Byung-Yil (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong national University) ;
  • KIM Hyoung Seub (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong national University) ;
  • LEE Sang-Ho (Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong national University)
  • Published : 1997.03.01

Abstract

Effects of the concentration of NaCl, the concentration and the molecular weight of chitosan on the permeability of capsule type fertilizer and herbicide were investigated. The encapsulating process was based on the electrostatic interaction between chitosan (a polycationic polymer) and sodium alginate (an anionic polysaccharide). Sodium alginate solution $(1\%)$ was dropped into chitosan solution $(1\%)$ in which various amounts of NaCl was added. The capsule strength was increased with the addition of NaCl and the maximum value of capsule strength was observed at 0.3M NaCl. Capsule type fertilizer and herbicide were immersed in deionized water to determine its permeability, and it was affected by the concentration of NaCl and chitosan, and the molecular weight of chitosan. As the concentration of NaCl in chitosan solution increased, permeability of the capsule increased and marked the maximum value of $ 88\%$(fertilizer), $87\%$ (herbicide) at 0.75M NaCl. As concentration of chitosan solution increased, permeability tended to decreased; it showed the maximum value of $90\%$ (fertilizer) and $90.3\%$ (herbicide) at $0.25\%$ chitosan and the minimum value of $83\%$ (fertilizer) and $82\%$ (herbicide) at $1\%$ chitosan. Permeability of fertilizer and herbicide also decreased, as the molecular weight of chitosan (material of capsule) was decreased; it was showed $86\%$ (fertilizer) and $83\%$ (herbicide) at M.W 330,000 (sonication time 0min) and $52\%$ (fertilizer) and $51\%$ (herbicide) at M.W 119,000 (sonication time 180 min). The chitosan-alginic acid capsule was manufactured (defined as prepared capsule), dried for 6 hrs and immersed in deionized water (defined as restored capsule) to examine restoration of capsule. Restoration of capsule was good, and capsule strength was slightly decreased form $20g/cm^2$ (prepared capsule) to $17g/cm^2$ (restored capsule)

Chitosan을 이용한 capsule형 비료 및 제초제의 제조조건과 capsule의 투과량을 조절하여 산업적이용을 위한 기초자료를 제시할 목적으로 염농도, chitosan농도, 분자량의 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 염농도의 영향은 염을 첨가하지 않은 경우 capsule이 형성되었으나 capsule강도를 측정할 수 없었고, 0.3M일 때 가장 높은 capsule강도 $(20g/cm^2)$를 나타내었다. 비료 및 제초제투과량에 있어서 염농도가 증가함에 따라 투과량이 증가하였고 0.75M 경우 각각 $88\%,\;87\%$로 가장 높았다. Chitosan농도의 경우 chitosan농도가 증가함에 따라 비료 및 제초제투과량이 감소하였으며, $0.25\%$ chitosan은 $90.3\%,\;90.8\%$로 가장 투과량이 높았고 $1\%$ chitosan은 $85\%,\;83\%$로 투과량이 가장 낮았다. 초음파 처리시간에 따른 분자량의 변화는 120분까지는 감소속도가 빨랐으나 120분 이후부터는 감소속도가 둔화하여 120분의 경우 분자량은 125,000, 180분는 119,000이었다. 비료에 있어서 분자량이 330,000, 293,000 및 236,000일때 투과도는 각각 $86\%,\;78\%$$76\%$이었고 174,000, 125,000 및 119,000일 때 투과량은 각각 $70\%,\;60\%$$52\%$ 이었다. 제초제에 있어서 분자량이 330,000, 293,000 및 236,000의 투과도는 $83\%,\;77\%$$76\%$이었고 174,000, 125,000 및 119,000의 경우 투과도는 $69\%,\;60\%$$51\%$ 이었다. Capsule을 제조하여 건조한 후 다시 탈이온수에 침지했을 때 외형에 있어서는 거의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 조제한 그대로의 capsule과 건조후 복원시진 capsule 강도는 $20g/cm^2$$17g/cm^2$로 건조후 복원시킨 것이 다소 capsule강도가 떨어졌으며 비료 및 제초제투과량에 있어서는 조제한 그대로의 capsule 경우 침지 6시간까지 $57\%,\;60\%$ 건조후 복원시킨 것은 $40\%,\;52\%$의 투과량을 보여 투과도에 있어서는 조제한 그대로의 capsule이 빠른 것으로 나타났다.

Keywords