• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.449-456
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• 1997

This study was concuted to determine the optimal conditions for raising the freshwater rotifer, Brachinus calyciflorus. The authors presented some biological informatin obtained from incubation experiment under the various controlled temperatures. Lorica size of the rotifer was divided into two groups : the length and the width for the S-type was $141.0\pm16.7\mu m$($110.1-182.5\;\mu m, n=44$)and $107.0\pm20.3\mu m\;(75.3-152.3\mu m, n=44)$, and those for the L-type was $262.8\pm15.2\mu m\;(234.4-288.6\mu m,\;n=20)\;and\;182.6\pm13.4\mu m (159.8-207.0\mu m,\;n=20$), respectively. The number of eggs being attached on the female varied from 1 to 11 at various culture conditions. Egg type was divided into two groups, large and small. Large and small egg was measured in its major axis as 85a.7-107.8$\mu$m and 55.1-65.2$\mu$m for S-type, and 104.9-121.8 $\mu$m and 62.8-89.1$\mu$m for L-type respectively. The maximum density was reached at 4th day after incubation. The density was 583.9 rotifers/$m\ell$ for $25^{\circ}C$-experimental. group and 421.3 rotifers/$m\ell$ for $22^{\circ}C$-experimental. group respectively. In the case of $28^{\circ}C$-experimental. group, it suddenly decreased into 4.7 rotifers/$m\ell$ at 1st day after incubations and did not recover to its initial density. The maximum rate of increase of populatin per day was reached 0.802 for $22^{\circ}C$-experimental. group at day 2 and fluctuated thereafter. For $25^{\circ}C$-experimental. group it increased to 0.964 at day 3 of incubation and then declined. And the egg ratio of female was reached the maximum of 0.614 for 22$^{\circ}C$- at 3rd day and 0.772 for $25^{\circ}C$-experimental. group at 4th day of incubation.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.1_2
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• pp.86-94
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• 2004

In this paper, we show that $ G(2^m, 4), m{\geq}3$with at most m-2 faulty elements has a fault-free cycle of length 1 for every ${\leq}1{\leq}2^m-f_v$ is the number of faulty vertices. To achieve our purpose, we define a graph G to be k-fault hypohamiltonian-connected if for any set F of faulty elements, G- F has a fault-free path joining every pair of fault-free vertices whose length is shorter than a hamiltonian path by one, and then show that$ G(2^m, 4), m{\geq}3$ is m-3-fault hypohamiltonian-connected.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.465-475
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• 1998

The cryoprotection, section retrieval and embedding methods were studied for the preservation of ultrastructure of ultracryomicrosections in immunoelectron microscopy. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The cryoprotection of ultrastructure with a mixture containing 1.7 M sucrose and 15% polyvinylpyrrolidone was better than that with 2.3 M sucrose. The stretching caused by surface tension and the electron lucent holes decreased more in the cryosections infused with 2.3 M sucrose than in those with the mixture. 2. The difference between section retrieval solutions in cases of cryoprotection with 2.3 M sucrose was that the destructive .effects such as electron lucent holes and stretching between myofribrils were less in a mixture containing 1% methylcellulose and 2.3 M sucrose than in 2.3 M sucrose. The difference was obscure in the mixture containing 1.7 M sucrose and 15% PVP, but the destructive effects were slightly less in a mixture containing 1% mthylcellulose and 2.3 M sucrose than in 2.3 M sucrose or 1% methylcellulose. 3. The embedding of cryosection on drying with 2% PVA or 2% methylcellulose exhibited some protective effect during observation with transmission electron microscope, but made the ultrastructure more obscure. 4. Mitochondrial membrane and cristae and myofilaments were well delinated in sections infused with 2.3 M sucrose and retrieved with 1% methylcellulose and 2.3 M sucrose. In summary, it is suggested that the cryoprotection with 2.3 M sucrose and section retrieval with a mixture containing 1% methylcellulose and 2.3 M sucrose are good for the ultrastructure of cryosections.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the concentrations of TSP, Pb, Zn and Fe in ambient air adjacent to the heavy traffic road side in Seoul from October 1 to October 31, 1997. The results were as follows 1. The concentrations of TSP were 260 $\mu g/m^3$, 184 $\mu g/m^3$, 147 $\mu g/m^3$ in Chongro, Chungkechun and Kangnam-terminal, respectively. The concentration of TSP was correlated with the traffic volume of the sampling sites (r=0.77). 2. The concentrations of Pb were 638 ng/m$^3$, 335 ng/m$^3$, 233 ng/m$^3$ in Chungkechun, Kangnam-terminal and Chongro, respectively. The concentration of Pb was correlated with the Truck (over 1.4 ton) volume of the sampling sites (r=0.71). The Pb contents among these sites were significantly different (p < 0.05). 3. The concentrations of Zn were 535 ng/m$^3$, 461 ng/m$^3$, 439 ng/m$^3$ in Chongro, Kangnam-terminal and Chungkechun, respectively. The concentration of Zn was badly correlated with the traffic volume of the sampling sites (r=0.23). 4. The concentrations of Fe were 5.32 $\mu g/m^3$, 4.51 $\mu g/m^3$ and 3.18 $\mu g/m^3$ in Chongro, Kangnam-terminal and Chungkechun, respectively. The concentration of Fe was correlated with the traffic volume of the sampling sites (r=0.83). The Fe contents among these sites were significantly different (p < 0.05). 5. The concentrations of TSP, Pb, Zn, Fe investigated didn't exceed the Korean Ambient Air Quality Standards, but more researches in relation to these will be required in considering people working in these sites suffered from cough, asthma and chronic headache.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.469-481
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• 1998

A point frequency analysis is carried out for the Indogyo site at the Han river using 68 annual maximun flood data for the period of 1918-1992. Computed frequency discharges using the three parameter log-normal, type-I extreme value, type-III extreme value, and Pearson type-III computed as 35,500 m3/sec and 39,000 m3/sec, respectively, 33,500 m3/sec and 37,500 m3/sec of corresponding return periods are computed when the flood control effect of the dams are taken into account. The resulting flood discharge of 37,500 m3/sec is similar to the current design flood of 37,000 m3/sec in downstream reach of Han river, so, it could be desirable to keep the the current design flood, considering the increasing tendency of the flood due to the climate change. Keywords : frequency analysis, flood discharge, Han river.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.283-294
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• 2004

Air quality in the livestock waste compost pilot plant at the Colligate Livestock Station was assessed to quantity the emissions of aerial contaminants and evaluate the degree of correlation between them for different operation strategies; with the ventilation types and agitation of compost pile, in this study. The parameters analyzed to reflect the level of air quality in the livestock waste compost pilot plant were the gaseous contaminants; ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor concentration, the particulate contaminants; inhalable dust and respirable dust, and the biological contaminants; total airborne bacteria and fungi. The mean concentrations of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor concentration in the compost pilot plant without agitation were 2.45ppm, 19.96ppb, and 15.8 when it was naturally ventilated, and 7.61ppm, 31.36ppb, and 30.2 when mechanically ventilated. Those with agitation were 5.50ppm, 14.69ppb, and 46.4 when naturally ventilated, and 30.12ppm, 39.91ppb, and 205.5 when mechanically ventilated. The mean concentrations of inhalable and respirable dust in the compost pilot plant without agitation were 368.6${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 96.0${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with natural ventilation, and 283.9${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 119.5${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with mechanical ventilation. They were also observed with agitation to 208.7${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 139.8${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with natural ventilation, and 209.2${\mu}g$/$m^3$ and 131.7${\mu}g$/$m^3$ with mechanical ventilation. Averaged concentrations of total airborne bacteria and fungi in the compost pilot plant without agitation were observed to 28,673cfu/$m^3$ and 22,507cfu/$m^3$ with natural ventilation, and 7,462cfu/$m^3$ and 3,228cfu/$m^3$ with mechanical ventilation. They were also observed with agitation to 19,592cfu/$m^3$ and 26,376cfu/$m^3$ with the natural ventilation, and 18,645cfu/$m^3$ and 24,581cfu/$m^3$ with the mechanical ventilation. It showed that the emission rates of gaseous pollutants, such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor concentration, in the compost pilot plant operated with the mechanical ventilation and with the agitation of compost pile were higher than those with the natural ventilation and without the agitation. While the concentrations of inhalable dust and total airborne bacteria in the compost pilot plant with the natural ventilation and with the agitation, the concentrations of respirable dust and total airborne fungi in the compost pilot plant with the mechanical ventilation and agitation were higher than those with the natural ventilation and without the agitation of compost pile. It was statistically proved that indoor temperature and relative humidity affected the release of particulates and biological pollutants, and ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were believed primary malodorous compounds emitted from the compost pilot plant.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.367-371
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• 1996

The $MAG_3$ is a tubular excreting radiopharmaceutical for renal image. We synthesized benzoyl $MAG_3\;(Bz-MAG_3)$ and made a kit for labeling with $^{99m}Tc$. We checked the labeling efficieny of $^{99m}Tc$ labeled $MAG_3$ and biodistribution. Labeling efficieny was checked by TLC-SG (acetonitrile/$H_2O$=2/1). After injecting of 1 mCi of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ to ICR-mice, $T_{max}(min),\;T_{1/2}(min)$ were obtained in the renogram. Sequential images (30sec, 2min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min) of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ were compared with those of commercial $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (Du Pont Merck Pharmaceutical Co.) kit. 1) The $R_f$ value of synthesized $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ was 0.78 and labeling efficiency was $97.5{\pm}1.9%$ (n=10). 2) The dynamic images of the $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ were better than those of the $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA. 3) The $T_{max}(min.)$ and $T_{1/2}(min.)$ of $^{99m}Tc-MAG_3$ (n=10) were $1.5{\pm}0.5$ (left), $1.4{\pm}0.4$ (right), and $4.3{\pm}1.4$ (left), $4.8{\pm}2.0$ (right), respectively. The $T_{max}(min.)$ and $T_{1/2}(min.)$ of $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA (n=7) were $2.7{\pm}1.6$ (left), $2.7{\pm}1.6$ (right), and $3.8{\pm}1.7$ (left), $4.5{\pm}2.7$ (right), respectively. The quaility of image and labeling efficiency of the synthesized $Bz-MAG_3$ kit were excellent, that it was supposed to be used in routine clinical work.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 2001

The effect of the nitric oxide synthase(NOS) inhibitor, $N^{G}$-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and the prostanoid synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin, on the vasodilatation produced in response to acetylcholine(Ach) on the isolated rabbit renal artery was examined. The vasodilatory reponses to Ach($10^{-8}-3{\times}10^{-5}M$) were completely absent in thevessel which the endothelium had previous been removed. L-NAME($10^{-4}M$) significantly reduced the vasodilatory reponse to the Ach($10^{-8}-3{\times}10^{-5}M$). When L-arginine ($10^{-3}M$) was also present in the organ bath along with L-NAME($10^{-4}M$), this inhibitory effect of L-NAME ($10^{-4}M$) on the vasodilatory response to Ach ($10^{-8}-3{\times}10^{-5}M$) was significantly attenuated, Indomethacin ($10^{-6}M$) did not significantly affect the vasodilatory responses to Ach ($10^{-8}-3{\times}10^{-5}M$). The inhibition by L-NAME ($10^{-4}M$) and indomethacin ($10^{-6}M$) on vasodilatory response to Ach was significantly greater than the inhibition due to L-NAME ($10^{-4}M$) alone. The present study has established that Ach induce relaxation via and endothelium-dependent mechanism, this relaxation to Ach involves both nitric oxide(NO) and prostanoid in the isolated rabbit renal artery.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1989

This study explored differences in how medical and surgical patients compare on the degree of hospital stress and their subjective physical status. Subjects were 343 medical and surgical patients in five university hospitals in Seoul and Taegu. They responded to the Hospital Stress Rating Scale and a self-report on physical status. The controlled variables were age, education, number of previous hospitalizations and seriousness of the illness. Medical and surgical patient differences on nine factors of the hospital stres scale and nine areas of physical conditions were reported as follows edplored : 1. 1) There was not a statistically significant difference at the .05 level in the total mean score for hospital stress between medical patients and surgical patients. 2) The mean score of the factor lack of information (M＝2.308) for medical patients was higher than the mean score (M＝2.064) of the surgical patients. 3) The mean scores of the factor of discomfort (M＝2.130), loss of independence (M＝1.889) for surgical patients were higher than for medical patients. 2. 1) There was a statistically significant difference at the .05 level in the total mean score for physical status between medical patients and surgical patients. 2) The mean scores were lower in subjective physical status for surgical patients(S) than for medical patients (M) ; stomach condition (S : M＝2.8433, M : M＝3.0-000), self-assistance(S : M＝3.0373, M : M＝3.4498), movement (S : M＝2.6716, M : M＝3.2392), interest in your surroundings (S : M＝3.0522, M : M＝3.2632). 3. Patients scoring high on the subjective physical status such as sleep, appetite, stomach condition bowel condition and urination states had higher scores in hospital stress than with patients scoring low on those subjective Physical status. The results suggest that subjective physical status might be on expression of hospital stress. Also patients with high scores in subjective physical statas might be predicted have a high level of stress on admission. And surgical patients had a higher level of hospital stress than medical patients.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.645-653
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• 1995

Dibenamine inhibited [$^{3}$H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([$^{3}$H]QNB) binding in both concentration and incubation time-dependent manners. The $IC_{50}$/ value of dibenamine for the inhibition of the specific binding of 100 pM [$^{3}$'H]QNB following incubation of cerebral microsomes with dibenamine at 37.deg. C for 15 min was 20.mu.M. Dibenamine irreversibly decreased the binding site concentration for [$^{3}$H]QNB binding without affecting the affinity of [$^{3}$H]QNB for the muscarinic receptor. Analysis of the pirenzepine inhibition curve of [$^{3}$H]QNB binding to cerebral microsomes indicated the presence of two receptor subtypes with high(M$_{1}$ receptor, Ki=5nM) and low (M$_{2}$ receptor, Ki=160nM) affinity for pirenzepine. However, dibenamine(20.mu.M) treatment under the condition employed in these experiments caused steepening of the pirenzepine competition curve. The Ki value for pirenzepine in dibenamine treated-microsomes was approximately 120nM. suggesting a selective decrease in the number of M$_{1}$ receptor. Although dibenamine also inhibited [$^{3}$H]QNB binding to ventricular microsomes with $IC_{50}$/ value of 120.mu.M, the sensitivity for dibenamine in the ventricle was much lower than that in the cerebrum. These results indicate that dibenamine at low concentrations welectively inactivates the muscarinic M$_{1}$ receptor.