• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.533-538
• /
• 1996

The rate and extent of digestion of dietary carbohydrates has a tremendous impact on ruminal fermentation and the productivity of the animals. The objective of the study was to determine the dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradabilities and rate and extent of feed byproducts (cotton seed cake, wheat bran), legumes [berseem (Egyptian clover), lucern (Medicago sativa), cowpeas (Vigna sinensis)], grasses [maize (Zea mays), millet (Panicum miliaceum), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare)] and wheat straw in ruminally fistulated male buffalo calves. By using nylon bags, 10 grams sample was exposed to the ruminal fermentation for 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, 24, 36, 48 and 96 hours. Dry matter and NDF degradability was measured at 48 hours. Extent of DM and NDF disappearance was determined at each time point. Rates of disappearance of DM and NDF were determined by regressing the natural logarithm of the percentage of original DM and NDF remaining in the bags between 1 and 96 hours. The dry matter digestibility (DMD) of the feed byproducts (FBP) and legume forages when incubated in the rumen of male buffalo calves were greater (p < 0.05) than grasses. Extent of digestion followed similar pattern as DMD. Rate of DMD was higher in FBP than in legumes and was the lowest in the wheat straw. The NDF degradability (NDFD) of FBP, legumes and grasses did not differ, however, wheat straw had the lowest NDFD from all the feeds tested. The lowest NDFD of wheat straw may have been due to the depressing effect of lignin on fiber digestion. The FBP and legumes had higher (p < 0.05) rates and lower extents of NDF digestion than grasses.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.774-779
• /
• 2006

시판되고 있는 녹차잎을 polyethylene 필름으로 진공포장하여 전자빔을 $0{\sim}30\;kGy$로 조사하였다. 조사된 녹차잎을 $75^{\circ}C$의 물에서 10분간 추출하여 녹차를 제조하고 물리화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 전자빔 조사는 녹차의 총 페놀 함량(TPC), 총 플라바놀 함량(TFC), 아스코르브산 함량(AAC)을 감소시켰다. 20 kGy의 전자빔 조사는 녹차의 TPC, TFC, AAC를 대조구와 비교하여 각각 223.46, 32.50, 6.03 mg/g에서 202.88, 31.16, 5.57 mg/g으로 감소시켰다. 전자빔 조사는 또한 카테킨, 카페인, 아질산염 소거능도 감소시켰다. 그러나 전체적인 색도 및 라디칼 소거능은 전자빔 조사에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.319-326
• /
• 2012

This study was designed to investigate the properties related to browning of hot water and 80% ethanol extracts of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and propolis. The extracts were assessed for polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibitory activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents. In addition, apples were cut into 15 mm thick slices and dipped for 1 min in 0.5% of the green tea extracts and the propolis solutions and stored at room temperature for 24 h. The PPO inhibitory activity of the green tea extracts was better than that of the propolis. The highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (90.81%), total phenol contents (170.42 mg/mL) and the metal chelating effects (45.93%) were measured in the green tea hot water extracts. The mineral content of the green tea water extracts was 69,328.44 ppm potassium and 2,409.42 ppm magnesium. After 24 h, the ${\Delta}E$ value of the apple slices treated with the green tea water extracts was the lowest (1.35). The antibrowning effects of the green tea extracts were higher than those of propolis in the apple slices.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2010

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase(DFR)는 flavonoid 생합성 경로의 가장 중심부에 작용하는 효소로 2R,3R-trans-dihydroflavonols로부터 leucoanthocyanidins 으로의 변환을 촉매한다. 본 연구에서는 색소유전자의 전이를 통하여 새로운 색소발현체계를 가진 품종을 육종하기 위한 기초연구로 안개초 (Gypsophila paniculata L.)의 꽃봉오리로부터 cDNAlibrary를 합성하였고 카네이션의 DFR 유전자를 probe로 사용하여 anthocyanin 합성경로의 중요 효소의 하나인 DFR 유전자를 분리하였다. 염기서열분석을 수행하여 분리유전자의 크기가 1279 bp이며 이 중 coding region은 1063 bp임을 확인하였다. 이미 밝혀진 다른 식물체의 DFR 유전자와 서로 염기서열의 일치성을 비교해 본 결과 Cheddar pink, 카네이션, 양배추, 개나리, 페튜니아, cup flower, 장미, 과꽃 및 거베라에서 각각 62% 이상을 나타내었다. 분리유전자의 발현을 확인하기 위하여 Northern blot 분석 및 인위적으로 기내에서의 transcription과 translation을 수행하였고, 분리한 유전자의 효소활성을 측정해 본 결과 leucopelargonidin의 작은 peak를 확인하였다. Southern blot 분석 결과 안개초의 DFR 유전자는 다른 대부분의 식물체와 유사하게 한 개가 존재함을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2000

This study is carried out to investigate plant community structure, actual vegetation map and flora for examining the relationship between naturally introduced vegetation and surrounding vegetation in Hamtae coal-mined spoil lands. According to the analysis of vegetation, surrounding vegetation was divided into five plant community groups : Pinus koraiensis community, Pinus densiflora - Quercus mongolica community, Q. mongolica - Deciduous broadleaved trees community, Betula schmidtii - B. davurica community, Larix leptolepis community. Robinia pseudo-acacia, which had been planted, was dominant species in coal-mined spoil lands. Young trees, which were naturally introduced, such as B. schmidtii, B. davurica etc., partially appeared with the high density($15{\sim}19ea/100m^2$) in coal-mined spoil lands. The flora of this area was listed as 54 taxa; 22 families, 42 genus, 50 species, 3 varieties and 1 forma. Especially Spodiopogon sibiricus, Miscanthus sinensis, Arundinella hirta, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia iwayomogi and Youngia denticulata appeared with the high frequency. It is estimated that the proper way for harmonious and effective revegetation is to target B. schmidtii - B. davurica communities and to seed B. schmidtii - B. davurica mixing highly frequent herbaceous species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제21권5_1호
• /
• pp.465-473
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the developmental process of plant community during the secondary succession and changes of soil properties in the burned areas lapsed 28 years after the forest fire in Mt.Palgong. The forest fire occurred on March, 1969 and the red pine (pinus densiflora) forest and its floor vegetation were burned down. The results are summarized as follows: the floristic composition of burned and unburned areas were composed of 49 and 48 species of vascular plants, respectively. The dominant species based on SDR4 of the burned sites were Lespedeza maximowicxii(87.75), Carex humilis (62.94), Rhododendron schippenbachii(55.78) and Miscanthus sinensis var.purpurascens (51.94). In contrast, Pinus densiflora (81.17), Quercus serrata (53.58)m Carex humilis (53.11) and Miscanthus sinenis var. purpuracens (52.42) were dominant in the unburned area. The biological spectra showed the $H-D_1-R_5-e$ type in both areas. The indices of similarity (CCs) between the two areas were 0.80. Degree of succession (DS) was 734 in the burned area and 809 in the unburned area. The species diversity (H) and evenness indices (e) in the burned and unburned areas were 2.05, 2.13 and 0.53, 0.55, respectively. Dominance index (C) in the burned and unburned areas were 0.30 and 0.32, respectively. Soil properties such as soil pH, content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total carbon, exchangeable potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium in burned area were comparatively higher than those of unburned area. Monthly changes of soil properties were of little significance except for some cases. These results suggest that there was relationship between trend of vegetation recovery and the changes of soil properties after the forest fire. Mixed forestation of fire-resistant species and nitrogen fixation species will be effective for reforestation after the forest fire.

• 한국산림과학회지
• /
• 제94권6호
• /
• pp.453-461
• /
• 2005

우리나라의 대표적인 황폐된 임지의 인공복원 성공지인 영일사방사업지를 대상으로 산림식생의 구성적 특성과 천이경향이 총 68개 조사구를 토대로 식물사회학적 방법과 매목조사법에 의하여 연구되었으며, 주요 사방조림목의 생장패턴이 연륜심 분석을 통하여 파악되었다. 이 지역의 식생형은 싸리-억새형과 사방오리-때죽나무형 등 2개 광역그룹으로 대별되었으며, 9개의 하위 식생단위가 유형화되었다. 상재도 패턴은 고상재도종(${\geq}IV$)은 2.6%에 불과하고 대부분의 종들이 저상재도종으로 생육분포하고 있었다. 식생천이경향은 대부분이 졸참나무림으로 변화될 것으로 판단되었다. 주요 사방조림목의 연평균 생장 폭은 수종별로 다소 차이가 있지만 곰솔과 리기다소나무 등 침엽수는 3.0~3.4 mm, 사방오리, 아까시나무, 물오리나무 등 활엽수는 4.3~4.9 mm로 나타났으며, 생장패턴은 수종에 관계없이 조림후 20~25년이 지나면서 급격한 생장감소를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.81-93
• /
• 2006

월출산국립공원 전 지역을 대상으로 146개의 조사구를 설치하여 상록활엽수 개체군 동태를조사한 결과, 월출산국립공원내 자생하는 것으로 확인한 상록활엽수종은 총 13종이었고, 주요 곡간부를 중심으로 최대 해발 450m까지 분포하는 것으로 조사되었다. 월출산국립공원에 자생하는 상록활엽수중 동백나무, 사스레피나무, 붉가시나무는 식물군락을 이루며 분포하였으나, 참식나무, 모새나무, 차나무, 보리밥나무, 광나무, 자금우는 반상이나 단독 형태로 분포하였다. 지피식물인 마삭줄, 백화등, 송악은 국지적으로 희소하게 출현하였다. 월출산국립공원의 일부 지역에서 소규모 형태로 붉가시나무림이 분포하였고, 상록활엽수들은 소나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 상수리나무군락의 임상층에서 주로 분포하고 있었다. 붉가시나무군락은 그 세력이 확장될 것으로 생각되며, 붉가시나무가 생육하고 있는 소나무군락과 낙엽활엽수림군락들은 붉가시나무군락으로 식생천이가 예상된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.234-241
• /
• 2007

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the riparian vegetation of the 6 river${\cdot}$stream of Korea Peninsula. As a result the vegetation was divided into nineteen communities. The vegetation units obtained in the present study were as follow: A: Salix koreensis community, B: Salix gracilistyla community, C: Robinia pseudo-acacia community, D: Amorpha fluticosa community, E: Brousonnetia papyrifera community, F: Phyllostachys bambusoides community, G: Rubus corchorifolius community, H: Phramities japonica community, I: Phramites communis community, J: Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, K: Miscanthus sinesis var. purpurascens community, L: Artemisia princeps var. orientalis community, M: Humulus japonicus community, N: Zoysia japonica community, O: Inperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, P: Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens community, Q: Juncos effusus var. decipiens community, R: Rumex crispus community, S: Persicaria hydropiper community. The vegetation characteristics of riversides was recovered in the surveyed results according to river${\cdot}$stream basin, in other words, 10 communities in the upper river${\cdot}$stream riparian, 15 communities in the middle river${\cdot}$stream riparian, 10 communities in the down river${\cdot}$stream riparian. The Phragmites japonica community in the upper and Phragmites communis community in the down was analyzed by common community of the 6 river${\cdot}$stream riparian, respectively, but none in the middle. The standing profile of vegetation across 6 river${\cdot}$stream was seen stepwise Phragmites japonica community, Salix gracilistyla community, Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens community, shrub community by natural waterway in the upper, Salix gracilistyla community, Phragmites communis community, Rumex crispus community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Humulus japonicus community in the middle, Phragmites communis community in the down. The differences of distributional featurs of vegetation emerged from the riparian of the 6 river${\cdot}$stream, but don't from the 6 river${\cdot}$stream.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.114-120
• /
• 2019

In the case of being contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio, shellfish pose a serious threat for public health. This study was conducted to investigate the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in the seawater, bottom deposit and shellfish samples collected from the Gomso Bay, west coast of Korea. V. parahaemolyticus (30-80 CFU/g) was detected from seawater Jul. to Oct. and highest at Sep. V. parahaemolyticus was detected less than 10 CFU/g from seawater at Nov. with $14.6^{\circ}C$ of seawater temperature. V. parahaemolyticus (180-1,850 CFU/g) was detected more than 100 CFU/g from 3 kinds of shellfish, Short-necked clam Ruditapes philippinarum, Corb shell Cyclina sinensis, and Surf clam Mactra veneriformis, Jul. to Oct. and was highest in Surf clam at Oct. V. parahaemolyticus was detected less than 20 CFU/g from all tested shellfish at Nov. V. vulnificus (1.8-2.7 MPN/100 mL) was detected from seawater Jul. to Oct. and was not detected at Nov. V. vulnificus (18-236.7 MPN/100 g) was also detected from 3 kinds of shellfish Jul. to Oct. and was highest in Corb shell at Jul. V. vulnificus was not detected from all tested shellfish at Nov.