• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1209-1211
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• 2003

The wavelet and semivariogram analysis method are used to identify the city landscape and farmland landscape pattern on the 1m resolution IKONOS images. The results prove that wavelet method is a potential way for landscape pattern analysis. Compared to semivariogram analysis, Wavelet analysis can not only detect the overall spatial pattern, but also find multi-scale and direction structures. In this experiment, the wavelet analysis results indicate: (1) the city landscape image is mainly composed of three level structures whose spatial pattern characters appear at 2m, 16m, 128m and 256m accordingly; (2) the farmland landscape is mainly two scale spatial patterns appearing at the 2m, 128m and 256m. IKONOS Remote sensing, with the high spatial and spectral information, is a powerful tool that can use in many ecological systems research and sustainable management.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 1992

The study was carried out to investigate the correlation between the heavy metals emitted by the motor vehicles with the heavy traffic road side environment (soil, leave, bark, ambient air). The Pb, Cu, Zn contents in road side soil sand leaves, barks from Ginkgo, biloba and ambient air adjacent to the heavy traffic road side from June to August, 1992 Suwon city were analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrometry and Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrophotometry. The results were as follows: 1) The high levels of heavy metals concentration were Pb, at city-terminal in soil (186 $\mu$g/g), Cu, at city-terminal in soil (221 $\mu$g/g), Zn, at city-terminal in ambient air (252 $\mu$g/m$^{3}$). 2) The low leves of heavy metals concentration were Pb, at North-gate in ambient air (1.65$\mu$g/m$^{3}$), Cu, at North-gate in ambient air (4 $\mu$g/m$^{3}$), Zn, at North-gate in ambient air (15.31$\mu$g/m$^{3}$). 3) The regional distribution of Pb, Cu, Zn in road side soils, leaves and barks from Ginkgo, biloba, ambient air show high levels in turn, city4erminal, Guan Sean Dong, South gate, North gate. 4) The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn) in soils, leaves, barks, ambient air was highly correlated with the traffic volume of the sampling sites (r=0.64~0.96). To conclude that the high levels of Pb, Cu, Zn contaminations were positively related to motor vehicles-borne pollutants and road side soils, trees, ambient air adjacent to a high density building area with low road coverage and heavy traffic volume were reflected strongly by the hazardous pollutants emitted by motor vehicles.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2009

Salmonella species are the most important etiologic agents of food-borne acute gastroenteritis. The most common serotypes isolated from humans are Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and S. Enteritidis. Traditional detection methods for Salmonella are based on cultures using selective media and characterization of suspicious colonies by biochemical and serological tests. These methods are generally time-consuming and not so highly sensitive. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used as a highly sensitive, specific, and rapid test for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a multiplex PCR (m-PCR) was used to detect S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. We selected m-PCR target genes, which were the spv (virulence plasmid specific for S. Enteritidis) and sefA (S. Enteritidis fimbrial antigen) genes, fliC (H1-i antigen specific for S. Typhimurium) and a randomly cloned sequence specific for the genus Salmonella. With m-PCR, random sequence was detected from all strains of Salmonella spp, spv and sefA were detected from all strains of S. Enteritidis (100%), and fliC was detected from all strains of S. Typhimurium (100%). This assay indicate that the specificity of the m-PCR make them potentially valuable tools for detection of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.108-112
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• 2011

Several isoquinoline alkaloids (1 - 18), which have basic chemical structures as protoberberine and aporphine skeletones, were evaluated for their inhibitory activities on AChE and BuChE. Among them, compounds 3, 4, 6, 8 and 12 showed the potent AchE activity with the $IC_{50}$ values ranging from $10.2{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}M$ to $24.5{\pm}1.6\;{\mu}M$, meanwhile, compound 14 - 17 exhibited strong inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ values from $2.1{\pm}0.2$ to $5.5{\pm}0.3\;{\mu}M$. Compounds 14 - 17 exhibited selective inhibition for AChE compared with BuChE. The isoquinoline alkaloid possesses aromatic methylenedioxy groups and quaternary nitrogen atoms are crucial for the anti-cholinesterase inhibitory activity.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1375-1384
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• 2010

Growth in population and urbanization has progressively increased the loading of pollutants from nonpoint sources as well as point sources. Especially in case of road regions such as city trunk road, national road and highway are rainfall and pollutants runoff intensive landuses since they are impervious and emit a lot of pollutants from vehicle activity. This research was conducted to investigate the nonpoint sources concentration and quantifying stormwater pollutants which are contained in rainfall runoff water. Three different monitoring sites in Jinju and Changwon city were equipped with an automatic rainfall gauge and flow meter for measuring rainfall and the volume of rainfall runoff. In the case of average EMC value, city trunk road was shown the highest value in target water quality items like as BOD, COD, SS, TN and TP. Or the amount of runoff loads by water quality items showed the highest value in city trunk road. And runoff load in city trunk road was 43.8 times high value compared to highway by value of city trunk road $356.7 mg/m^2$, highway $8.150 mg/m^2$, national road $19.99 mg/m^2$ in the case of BOD.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.615-622
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the village groves in Pohang city by classifying them into 5 categories: sage plantation, shelter-belt plantation, shore plantation, ornamental plantation and bower plantation. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; The village groves in Pohang city consist of 16 sage plantations ($128,682m^2$), 14 shelter-belt plantations ($807,755 m^2$), 17 shore plantations ($447,616m^2$), 10 ornamental plantations ($141,276m^2$) and 6 bower plantations ($79,075 m^2$). Namely, the ratio of shore plantations is highest (n=17) in terms of number, while that of shelter-belt plantations is highest (50.3%) in terms of area. On the other hand, Pinus Thunbergii account for the absolute majority (n=55,239, 74.1 %) of the trees, followed by pine trees (n=18,017, 24.2%). Both species are combined to account for 98.3% of the entire trees, which means that the plantations are simple in terms of tree species When the village groves were compared in terms of functional age, sage plantations are oldest or aged 143 years, followed by bower plantations (aged 137), ornamental plantations (aged 118), shore plantations (aged 92) and shelter-belt plantations (aged 88).

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.60
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• pp.11-19
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• 2006

Ran numerical analysis about simplicity warm current model (simple turbulence model) to examine closely distributed laying stress on NOx of contaminant that happen in downtown that building is massed and result is as following. Downtown building is massed and transfer of vehicles can know that frequent area receives greatly effect of building. Pollution displays class kind phenomenon striking in the building, class kind done pollution that show high density being mixed with pollution that happen in vehicles being flowed in again side know can. Divide velocity vector of pollution and density change to ancient city and did numerical analysis. Because NOx is flowed in diversion of water neighborhood by continuous this kind in Godo 20m point, density showed density of $0.0907mg/m^3s$, and can know that Banryuhyeon that Pollution strikes in the building at ancient city 30m point is decreased and approaches with freedom flowing without cooperation (cavity) phenomenon remarkably. Because pollution strikes in the building at distance shaft 383m point, class kind do phenomenon that know appeared notedly Nopeungeonmulgwanat between building pollution density $0.067mg/m^3$ head of a families high appear.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.143-159
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• 2024

Natural aggregate is an essential resource for human activities, closely related to construction. The aggregate demand has been increasing annually, and due to the nature of the resource, it is difficult to procure from distant locations. This study identifies the distribution and characteristics of aggregate-bearing areas as part of a municipal-level aggregate resource survey conducted in Nonsan City, Korea, in 2023. Nonsan City is located approximately 35 km straight distance from the Geum River estuary and lies at the passageway of the main stream of the Geum River. The topography of Nonsan City features eastern mountainous areas and western plains, creating an east-high-west-low geomorphic setting, with 33 streams distributed across the city, including tributaries of the Geum River like Nonsan Stream, Noseong Stream, and Ganggyeong Stream. All streams originate from the highlands in the north and east, converge with Nonsan Stream, and then join the west bank of the main stream of the Geum River at the western boundary of Nonsan City. Drilling core results show shallow depths in the highlands to the north and east, deepening towards the west, reaching a maximum depth of 25 m near the main stream of the Geum River. The total reserve of land aggregates is calculated to be 246,789,000 m³, with a developable amount of 172,750,000 m³. The total reserve of river aggregates is 5,236,000 m³, with a developable amount of 3,765,000 m³. The distribution of aggregates varies according to the geomorphic, geologic, and development pattern of the river system. Reserves are scarce in mountainous areas but are abundant in regions with rivers and wide alluvial plains, although reserves appear at depths greater than 4m. The distribution of aggregate resources in Nonsan City is influenced by stream activities and sea level changes, with the tidal range of the Yellow Sea acting as an unfavorable condition for the preservation of aggregate resources.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.217-221
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• 2017

The ptaquiloside is a carcinogenic compound from bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum L). This study was to evaluate the content of ptaquiloside in bracken fern by various processing methods. The processing methods were heated and immersed time, water exchange number, and so on. Akali hydrolysis and solvent fractionation of ptaquiloside in bracken fern leads to the non-toxic and chemically stable pterosin B. The contents of pterosin B was analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS on mobile phase 3 mM ammonium acetate and methanol. The contents of total pterosin B in non-processing bracken fern in water extraction was 81.0 mg/kg and toxic ptaquiloside of them was 46.4 mg/kg. The heating time of 5 minutes removed 60% about the contents of pterosin B in the bracken fern, and two-thirds of them were already non-toxic pterosin B, namely were not transfered from ptaquiloside. Additional immersed time (12h), the pterosin B in bracken fern was 10 mg/kg, it was removed 87.6% and once every hour, water exchange times were removed 99.5% in comparison with them of untreated bracken fern and two-thirds of them were non-toxic pterosin B. To remove of ptaquiloside in bracken fern, heat, immersion, and water exchange times shall be carried out simultaneously.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the freshness and nutritive components of eggs from Incheon area. The eggs of 64 brands collected from 7 hypermarkets and 6 brands collected from farms were examined to test the Haugh unit (HU), egg yolk index and specific gravity. HU and specific gravity were higher in farm eggs than in hypermarket eggs (P<0.05), and there was no difference in the egg yolk index. Among hypermarket eggs, HU and egg yolk index were higher in the graded eggs than in non-graded eggs (P<0.05), and specific gravity was not different between them. HU and egg yolk index of the eggs collected in March were higher than those in August (P<0.05). To monitor the bacterial contamination, total coliforms, total bacterial counts (TBC) and Salmonella enteritidis were examined. Salmonella enteritidis and total coliforms were not detected from all eggs. TBC of farm eggs were less than $10^1$ CFU/mL in all samples and TBC of hypermarket eggs were less than $10^1$ CFU/mL in 187 samples, $10^1{\sim}10^2$ CFU/mL in 3 samples and $10^3{\sim}10^4$ CFU/mL in 2 samples, respectively. Antimicrobial residues were not detected from all eggs tested. The vitamin E contents in the vitamin E enriched eggs from 6 brands hypermarket were 1.98~22.96 mg/yolk100 g ($14.04{\pm}8.81$ mg/yolk100g), and those of 5 brands among them were higher than the average of ordinary eggs. In one brand egg, vitamin E content was lower than the average of ordinary eggs. The vitamin E contents of ordinary eggs were 1.75~16.36 mg/yolk100 g (average $5.57{\pm}2.76$ mg/yolk100 g) and there were no price differences between vitamin E enriched eggs and ordinary eggs. In the contents of vitamin E, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and cholesterol, there were no significant differences according to the price. These results suggests that egg production, distribution, and management system should be improved for supplying fresh eggs to consumers at reasonable prices.