• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.348-354
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• 2018

최근 BEMS(Building Energy Management System)는 공간정보를 적극 활용하고 있다. 공간정보가 포함된 BIM(Building Information Modeling)을 잘 활용한다면, 사용자는 공간정보와 연계된 직관적 건물 에너지 관리가 가능하다. 이 연구는 BIM-BEMS 연계를 위한 MF(Model Filter)을 활용한 데이터 맵핑 방법인 M-BDL(MF-based BIM Data Linkage)제안한다. 최근 BEMS은 3차원 공간정보를 적극 활용하고 있다. 이를 통해 사용자는 공간정보가 연계된 직관적인 건물 에너지관리가 가능하다. BIM 데이터를 에너지 관리 시스템에 활용하기 위해서는, 사용자 요구사항 관점에서 필요한 BIM 데이터만 BEMS과 연계할 필요가 있다. 하지만, Rich dataset인 BIM을 그대로 연계한다면 사용자가 불필요한 정보까지 관리해야 하는 부담을 주게 된다. M-BDL을 통해, 무거운 BIM 데이터에서 BEMS에 필요한 데이터만 맵핑함으로써, BIM데이터를 경량화할 수 있었고, 유지보수에 필요한 데이터량을 줄일 수 있다. 이 기술은 필요한 BIM 데이터만 필터링된 BIM 데이터와 BEMS 데이터베이스 간 연계할 수 있는 M-BDL 맵핑 방법을 제안한다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.501-506
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• 2000

We examined the antifibrotic effect of a methanol extract from Stephania tetrandra (ST) on experimental liver fibrosis. liver fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation and scission (BDL/S) in rats. In BDL/S rats, activity levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminse (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), concentration of total bilirubin in serum, and hydroxyproline content of the liver were significantly increased. The ST treatment (either 100 ${m}g/kg/day$ or 200 ${m}g/kg/day$, p.o. for 4 weeks) in BDL/S rats reduced the serum AST, ALT and ALP activity levels significantly (p<0.01). Similarly, when compared to the control group, the concentration of hydroxyproline in the livers of the BDL/S rats treated with 100${m}g$ or 200${m}g$ ST treated rats decreased by 40% and 33% respectively, when compared to the BDL/S control group (p<0.01). The morphological characteristics of fibrotic liver that were observed in the BDL/S control group, improved in the ST treated BDL/S group. In the fibrotic liver of BDL/S rats treated with ST, a marked reduction in the numbers of alpha smooth muscle cell actin positive stellate cells was observed. These results indicate that doses of either 100 or 200 ${m}g/kg/day$ of methanol extract from S. tetrandra, had an antifibrotic effect in rats with liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and scission.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2000

We investigated the expression profiles of rat fibrotic liver induced by bile duct ligation and scission (BDL/S) using the 3'-directed cDNA libraries. The possibility that the 3'-directed cDNA library represents the mRNA population faithfully was examined by northern blots. During the northern analysis based on fibrotic liver expression profile, we found for the first time that purine specific sodium nucleoside cotransporter (SPNT) was upregulated in BDL/S-induced fibrotic liver. To determine whether the accumulation of bile juice could affect the expression of SPNT mRNA or not, we examined the change of SPNT mRNA expression at 3, 14, 28 days after BDL/S operation. No change in SPNT expression was observed in rat liver at 3 days after surgery. In contrast, there were significant increases in SPNT expression at 14 and 28 days after surgery. We also examined whether chronic liver damage affected SPNT mRNA expression. SPNT mRNA level was significantly increased in BDL/S-induced fibrotic rat liver, whereas no significant change was obserbed in fibrotic livers chronically exposed to carbon tetrachloride or dimethylnitrosamine. From the above results, although further study might be needed, it was considered that the increment of SPNT mRNA in BDL/S liver morphological compatibility to human was remarkable.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2013

Cholestatic liver is associated with hepatic inflammation and elevated proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies indicate that certain cytokines can modulate bile secretion. In the present study, we have examined the role of interleukin (IL-2) on the bile secretion by a combination of study models. To examine the relevance of IL-2 on bile secretion, the expression of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) of isolated normal and bile duct ligated (BDL) rats cholangiocytes was first measured by RT-PCR. In BDL rats, the expression of IL-2 and IL-2R was significantly increased compared with normal rats. To study the effect of IL-2 on bile secretion, bile flow was measured in normal and BDL rats. At the level of cholangiocytes, secretory responses of isolated bile duct unit (IBDU)s were quantified by videomicroscopy. The administrations of IL-2 had no significant effect on basal bile secretion in normal and BDL rats. There was no significant effect of IL-2 on basal bile ductular secretion as evidenced by no significant difference in luminal area of the IBDUs perfusedwith 100 pM of IL-2 from those of albumin carrier control. However, the secretin-stimulated bile ductular secretion was significantly (P < 0.01) inhibited by $34{\pm}4%$ (normal, n = 12), $21{\pm}5.3%$ (BDL 2 wk, n = 12) and $15{\pm}5.2%$ (BDL 4 wk, n = 12) with the co-administration of IL-2. As with other cytokines, physiologically relevant concentration of IL-2 can significantly inhibit secretin-stimulated bile ductular secretion. These findings support the important roles of cytokines in modulating bile secretion and may contribute to the cholestasis seen in cholestatic liver diseases.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1994년도 춘계학술대회 and 제3회 신약개발 연구발표회
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• pp.202-202
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• 1994

G009의 hepatic cirrhosis animal model중 bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/S) rat에서의 항섬유화 효과를 조사하였다. BDL/S 수술 후 4주간 투약군에는 G009 saline soln.(5mg/rat/day)을, 대조군에는 saline을 경구투여하였다. fibrosis가 최고에 달하는 4주후 rat를 도살하여, 혈청중 N-terminal procollagen type III peptide(PIIINP) level, 간 조직중 hydroxy proline content, serum biochemical value(ALT, AST, choleterol, total bilirubin, creatinine) 측정 및 간조직검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 1) 혈청중 PIIINP의 경우, 투약군 BDL/S group(10.3ng/ml$\pm$2.2)이 대조군 (20.5ng/m1$\pm$3.9)에 비해 약 50%정도 유의성 있게 감소하였다(p<0,01). 2) 간 조직중 hydroxy proline치 측정 결과, 투약군 BDL/S group(471$\pm$160$\mu\textrm{g}$/g liver)이 대조군(566$\pm$42.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/g liver)에 비하여 약 13%정도 유의성있게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 3) 간조직검사 결과 투약군의 BDL/S op. group이 대조군보다 necrosis, inflammetion, bile duct proliferation, connective tissue 침착 등이 약화되었다. 위 실험을 종합한 결과 G009는 biliary cirrhosis model에서 antifibrotic effect가 있음이 사료된다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.346-355
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• 2020

Purpose: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) has a key role in hepatic fibrogenesis by virtue of its effect on the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Although many studies have shown that PPAR-γ agonists inhibit liver fibrosis, the mechanism remains largely unclear, especially regarding the cross-talk between PPAR-γ and other potent fibrogenic factors. Methods: This experimental study involved 25 male Wistar rats. Twenty rats were subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) to induce liver fibrosis, further divided into an untreated group (BDL; n=10) and a group treated with the PPAR-γ agonist thiazolidinedione (TZD), at 14 days post-operation (BDL+TZD; n=10). The remaining 5 rats had a sham operation (sham; n=5). The effect of PPAR-γ agonist on liver fibrosis was evaluated by histopathology, protein immunohistochemistry, and mRNA expression quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Histology and immunostaining showed markedly reduced collagen deposition, bile duct proliferation, and HSCs in the BDL+TZD group compared to those in the BDL group (p<0.001). Similarly, significantly lower mRNA expression of collagen α-1(I), matrix metalloproteinase-2, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B chain, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were evident in the BDL+TZD group compared to those in the BDL group (p=0.0002, p<0.035, p<0.0001, and p=0.0123 respectively). Moreover, expression of the transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) was also downregulated in the BDL+TZD group (p=0.0087). Conclusion: The PPAR-γ agonist inhibits HSC activation in vivo and attenuates liver fibrosis through several fibrogenic pathways. Potent fibrogenic factors such as PDGF, CTGF, and TGF-β1 were downregulated by the PPAR-γ agonist. Targeting PPAR-γ activity may be a potential strategy to control liver fibrosis.