• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.49-56
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• 2002

Effects of Temperature on the Pharmacokinetics of norfloxecin (NFX) were studied in the cultured carp,Cyprinus carpio, and cel, Anguilla japonica, using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) originally developed for quinolone determination in livesrocks. Pharmacokinetics of NFX was apparently affected by ambiem water temperature. In a two-compaament model for carp after oral dosage of 20 mg/K01 at $13^{\circ}C$ and $23^{\circ}C$ and 5.20/hr, respectively. In carp the $K_{\iota\nu}$, $T_{max}$and $C_{max}$ for carp at $13^{\circ}C$ were 13.30/hr, 17.44 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$ and 7.00 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$, respectively. The" correspoeding values at $23^{\circ}C$ were 3.93/hr, 15.40 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$ and 9.44 ${\mu}g$/$m\ell$, respectively. The AUC and T were 355.66 ${\mu}g$ hr/$m\ell$, and 12.70 hr at $13^{\circ}C$ and 417,24 ${\mu}g$ hr/$m\ell$ and 13.86 hrs at $23^{\circ}C$, respectively. Similar trends were revealed in the NFX pharmacokinetics of eel kept under the two water temperature regimes aftee oral NFX dosage of 20 mg/kg. These pharmacokinetkal results have some implication in the optimal usage of recently introduced antibacterials in farmed fish, which were originally adapted for poultry and mammalian species.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2016

The late-maturing black rice cultivar Shinnongheugchal from Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Service was used as the plant material for estimating growth characters, quality and yield from the vegetation period to harvest age. This study was performed to select an optimum combination of nitrogen level and planting density for the maximum yield of Shinnongheugchal. The plant height, number of tillers, and SPAD index were higher when the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level was used at 30 days after transplanting. The heading date for the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 15 kg/10 a nitrogen level, and 80 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 15 kg/10 a nitrogen level was August 22. The heading date for the other combinations was August 21. The combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level yielded the highest number of tillers at 40 days after flowering. Even though the lodging index was increased with increasing nitrogen levels, field lodging did not occur until harvest time. Seed nitrogen concentration in the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level showed a significant difference when compared with the other combinations. The black rice yield varied significantly, and the highest yield was observed in the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level. The yield was significantly correlated with seed nitrogen concentration. The maximum yield was estimated to be 14.67 kg/10 a nitrogen level by using the regression equation. On average, the coloring degree of the black rice was higher at planting density of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ than at 80 hills per $3.3m^2$. The highest yield of perfect black rice was obtained using the combination of 70 hills per $3.3m^2$ and 13 kg/10 a nitrogen level. Our findings demonstrate that a nitrogen level of 13-14 kg/10 a can be used to obtain the maximum yield from Shinnongheugchal with yield, cyanidin 3-glucoside content, and perfect black rice yield as the standard.

• Venture DIGEST
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• s.86
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• pp.12-13
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• 2005

M&A는 여전히 벤처기업의 성장을 위한 중요한 생태계로 꼽힌다. 지금까지 활성화되지 못한 M&A 시장을 성장시키는 일은 결국 벤처인의 몫이다. M&A의 현주소와 필요성을 살펴봄으로써 벤처기업 의 M&A전략을 조명한다.

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 2019

While the Chinese banks have started the impact of foreign banks. At the same time, rising pressure on foreign exchange reserves and appreciation of the renminbi has prompted Chinese banks to go abroad and diversify their risks. The financial crisis of 2008 has caused the continued turbulence of the major financial markets around the world, and the valuation of foreign financial institutions has been drastically shrinking, providing opportunities for Chinese banks to carry out overseas M&A. Based on the overseas M&A status of Chinese commercial banks, this paper sums up the characteristics of the overseas M&A. Then taking a series of overseas M&A conducted by ICBC from 2006 to 2011 as an example, it analyzes the relationship between M&A and performance growth using grey incidence model. The test shows: there is a positive correlation between both overseas M&A and interest rate differential with performance growth of ICBC, and overseas M&A transactions role in promoting the performance growth is significantly higher than the interest rate differential.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2017

Changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes and isoforms in human serum have a major diagnostic value, therefore the regulation of ALP activities is a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. To assess the pharmacological activity of retinoids, i.e., all-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acid, their tissue-specific inhibitory effect on human serum ALP activity was elucidated by chemical inhibition methods, heat-sensitive inactivation, and wheat-germ lectin precipitation test. Retinoids showed significant inhibition of the total ALP activity in human serum at a concentration of 5 mM. All-trans retinoic acid (5 mM) and 13-cis retinoic acid (5 mM) inhibited ALP activities by up to 12% and 15%, respectively, compared to that by guanidine hydrochloride (200 mM). L-phenylalanine (100 mM) and urea (30 mM) had no further inhibitory effect on ALP activities in human serum pretreated with retinoids (5 mM). Retinoids significantly inhibited ALP activities by up to 20% compared with that of tetramisole (30 mM). The ALP activities in retinoid-pretreated serum remained unchanged after the heat inactivation process. These results suggest that retinoids are inhibitors of the intestinal ALP isoenzyme. Remarkably, retinoids revealed potent inhibitory activities against ALP in wheat-germ lectin precipitant serum, indicating that they also function as inhibitors of the bone ALP isoform. The results show that retinoids inhibit the specific tissue-derived human serum ALP activities, moreover, the inhibitory effect of retinoids against bone ALP activity suggests their clinical utility as monitoring and prevention of metastasis of bone cancer.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.525-530
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• 2000

mST3GaIV synthesizes ganglioside GM3, the precursor for simple and complex a- and b- series gangliosides, and the expression and regulation of mST3GaIV (CMP-NeuAc: lactosylceramide $\alpha$2,3-sialyltransferase) activity is central to the production of almost all gangliosides, a class of glycosphingolipids implicated in variety of cellular processes such as transmembrane signaling, synaptic transmission, specialized membrane domain formation and cell-cell interactions. To understand the developmental expression of mST3GaIV in mice, we investigated the spatial and temporal expression of mST3GaIV mRNA during the mouse embryogenesis [embryonic (E) days; 19, E11, E13, E15] by in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes. All tissues from 19 and E11 were positive for mST3GaIV mRNA. On E13, mST3GaIV mRNA was expressed in various neural and non-neural tissues. In contrast to these, on E15, the telencephalon and liver produced a strong expression of mST3GaIV which was a quite similar to that of E13. In this stage, mST3GaIV mRNA was also expressed in some non-neural tissues. These data indicate that mST3GaIV is differently expressed at developmental stages of embryo, and this may be importantly related with regulation of organogenesis in mice.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.485-495
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• 1994

Several new symmetric and asymmetric homo and hetero dinuclear complexes of the type $[Cl(dppp)(NO)_2M({\mu}-pyz)M'(NO)_2(dppp)Cl][ClO_4]_2$ and $[Cl(phen)(NO)_2M({\mu}-pyz)M'(NO)_2(dppp)Cl][ClO_4]_2$(M,M'= Mo or W; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline; dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane; pyz = 1,4-pyrazine) were synthesized in three-steps starting from $[M(NO)_2Cl_2]_n(M = Mo, W)$. The final products were purified by eluting it through silica gel column ($2{\times}20$ cm) with acetone as the eluent. Characterization of these complexes and some related complexes was accomplished through UV-vis., $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR and IR spectroscopies as well as elemental analysis. The infrared spectra indicate that the NO groups occupy cis-positions of the octahedral. The $^1H$ and $^{13}C-NMR$ data for the new compounds revealed a dimeric structures with bridged pyz.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.1517-1524
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• 2007

The [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model was compared with the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method to determine whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and degradation (WBPD) in sheep fed at two levels. The animals were fed either 103 (M-diet) or 151 (H-diet) kcal $ME/kg^{0.75}/day$ once daily in a crossover design for 21 days each. The isotope dilutions were simultaneously conducted as a primed-continuous infusion of [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine, [$^2H_2$]tyrosine and [1-$^{13}C$]leucine on each dietary treatment. The WBPS and WBPD calculated from the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model were lower (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively) than those calculated from the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method. The WBPS tended to be higher (p = 0.08) and WBPD was numerically higher (p = 0.33) for H-diet than M-diet in the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model, whereas the WBPS was numerically higher (p = 0.37) for H-diet and WBPS remained similar (p = 0.79) between diets in the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method. However, the absolute values and the directions of WBPS as well as WBPD from M-diet to H-diet were comparable between the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model and [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method. Moreover, the values vary depending on the use of the respective amino acid contents in the carcass protein when calculating WBPS and WBPD. Therefore, it is concluded that the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model could be used as an alternative to the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method for the determination of WBPS and WBPD in sheep.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.229-232
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• 1986

Three inexpensive oxidation reagents, namely pyridinium chlorochromate, chromium trioxide-dipyridine and nicotinium dichromate were utilized for oxidation of carbohydrates in 78-92% yield. Hydration could be eliminated in the oxidation of pentopyranosides and hexopyranosides, while pentofuranosides had a tendency to be easily hydrated during the oxidation. In the carbon-13 n. m. r. study, the carbonyl function resulted from the oxidation affected on the chemical shifts of $\alpha$- and $\beta$-carbons of methyl 3. 4-O-isopropylidene-$\beta$-D-arabinopyranosid-2-ulose (8) and 1,2 : 4, 5-di-O-isopropylidene-$\beta$-D-erythro-2, 3-hexodiulo-2, 6-pyranose (10) to slightly down fields (0.7-2.6 p. p. m.) compared with the chemical shifts before oxidation. While the carbonyl groups of 1. 2-O-isopropylidene-5-O-ethyloxycarbonyl-$\alpha$-D-erythro-pentofuran-3-ulose (4) and methyl 3, 5-0-isopropylidene-$\alpha$-D-threo-pentofuranosid-2-ulose (6) pushed the $\alpha$-carbons to up fields (3, 2-18.3 p. p. m. However, the order of signals on the spectra before and after oxidation remained unaltered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.13-16
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• 1995

In this study out of 3036 Black Bengal goats examined, 1755(57.80%) were infected with different types of metacestodes. The metacestodes were Cysticercus tenuicollis(54.54%), Coenurus cerebralis(6.32%) and hydatid cysts(11.13%). Animals > 18 months old were relatively more susceptible to Cysticercus tenuicollis and Coenurus cerebralis infection. On the contrary, animals > 8 months to 18 months old were more susceptible to hydatid infection, Both male and female goats were found to be equally infected with the metacestodes. A fully grown Coenurus cerebralis was also recovered from the abdominal muscles of a goat. In Cysticercus tenuicollis infection, pathological effects were not so marked. However, in few cases of Coenurus cerebralis infection the bones of the skull were found to become thin and soft. The hydatid cysts were found to develop in the vital organs by replacing the tissues, thus impairing normal functions.