• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.188-193
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• 1974

Effects of GA and IAA on the respiratory and photosynthetic activity of each growth stage during the synchronous culture of Chlorella ellipsodiea, were investigated. 1) GA ($2{\times}10^{-8}M$) affected most insignificantly on the respiratory activity of the stages Dn, Da, $L_1$, $L_2$, $L_3$-cells but only at $L_4$-cells treated with IAA($10^{-3}/M$) were promoted and $L_3$, $L_4$-cells were suppressed. With the treatment of GA-IAA the effects on respiration of eah stage cells were antagonistic. 2) Photosynthetic activity treated with GA during the each stage of Chlorella cells was promoted and IAA treated-cell were suppressed. The effect of GA-IAA upon the process of life cycle was also antagonistic. 3) It was revealed that respiratory and photosynthetic activity of Chlorella cells by the treatment of GA(($2{\times}10^{-8}M$) and IAA($10{\times}^{-3}/M$) had antogonistic effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1348-1354
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• 2008

mi transcription factor (MITF) is important in regulating the differentiation of mast cells. In particular, MITF regulates the transcription of the mouse mast cell-specific serine protease (mMCP)-6 gene, which is generally expressed by the connective tissue-type of mast cells. In this study, we investigated alternative isoforms of MITF that regulate transcription of the mMCP-6 gene in bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells in mice. The expression of MITF isoforms was examined by RT-PCR. We observed that MITF-A, -E, -H and -Mc were expressed by mucosal-type mast cells cultured in the presence of IL-3, whereas the connective tissue-type mast cells cultured in the presence of stem cell factor (SCF) expressed MITF-A. Overexpression of MITF isoforms increased luciferase activity through the mMCP-6 promoter in NIH-3T3 cells and elevated the level of mMCP-6 expression in the MC/9 mast cell line. Moreover, mMCP-6 expression in mast cells was significantly inhibited by the depletion of MITF. The transcriptional activity and DNA binding of MITF-A was comparable to that of MITF isoforms, including MITF-E, -H, and -Mc. Our results therefore suggest that MITF-A may be an important isoform of MITF in regulating the transcription of mMCP-6 in mouse connective tissue mast cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1262-1268
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• 2006

In the search for a novel cytotoxic substance from medicinal plants, HY53 ($C_{17}H_{32}O_2N_2$; molecular weight 296) was isolated from the leaves of Pata de Vaca (Bauhinia forficata). The growth of the HepG2 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner when treated with 0.07 to 0.40 mM HY53 for 24 h (IC$_{50}$: 0.13 mM). Furthermore, nuclear DAPI staining revealed the typical nuclear features of apoptosis in the HepG2 cells exposed to 0.27 mM HY53, whereas a flow cytometric analysis of the HepG2 cells using propidium iodide showed that the apoptotic cell population increased gradually from 8% at 0 mM to 23% at 0.14 mM and 45% at 0.40 mM after being exposed to each concentration of HY53 for 24 h. Moreover, a TUNEL assay also exhibited the apoptotic induction of the HepG2 cells treated with HY53. To obtain further information on the HY53-induced apoptosis, the expression level of certain apoptosis-associated proteins was examined using a Western blot analysis. Treatment of the HepG2 cells with HY53 resulted in the activation of caspase-3, and subsequent proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Consequently, the results confirmed that the apoptosis in the HepG2 cells was induced by HY53 and the involvement of caspase-3-mediated PARP cleavage in the apoptotic process.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.324-330
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• 1998

We Previously reported that Polysaccharide Isolated from panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, stimulates murine splenocytes to proliferate and to be cytotoxic against a wide range of tumor cells in MHC non-restricted manner:) Therefore, we examined the cytokine mRNA expression induced by the ginseng polysaccharide in this paper. This study demonstrates that the ginseng polysaccharide stimulates Thl type cytosine expression such as IL-2 and IFNY, and macrophage type cytokine expression such as IL-lc and GM-CSF in a dose-dependent manner at different time: IL-2 mRNA was induced at 30 min, IL-la, GM-CSF mRNA at 3 hr, IFNY at 6 hr after the ginseng polysaccharide treatment. In contrast with these, Th2 type cytokine expression such as IL-4 and IL-5 was not induced. The generation of the ginseng polysaccharide-activated killer cells which was induced at the optimal doses of 50 pEyml was neutralized in the presence of anti-lL-2, anti-lFNy, anti-IL-l ${\alpha}$ antibodies, showing the importance of these cytokines produced by the ginseng polysaccharide. In flow cytometry analysis, the blastogenesis of IgM+ cells was induced on day 3 and the number of Thy 1.21 cells, CD4+ and CD8+ cells was increased on day 5. The ginseng polysaccharide also induced blastogenesis of T cells. In conclusion, the ginseng polysaccharide may have considerable antitumor immunotherapeutic modality by stimulating the cytokine production from Thl cells and macrophage and by proliferating lymphocytes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2010

The molecule possessing ankyrin-repeats induced by lipopolysaccharide (MAIL) protein is a novel member of the $Ikappa{\beta}$ family. In the present study, we examined the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on MAIL mRNA expression in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells. MAIL mRNA expression in hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells was not directly influenced by NE. However, MAIL mRNA expression in hepatocytes was significantly induced by incubation with a culture medium of non-parenchymal liver cells, treated with NE. Pretreatment with an interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist significantly attenuated the stimulatory effect of the medium. Moreover, exogenous $IL-1{\beta}$ induced MAIL mRNA expression in hepatocytes, while IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$ did not. The concentration of $IL-1{\beta}$ in the medium of non-parenchymal liver cells was significantly increased after NE-treatment. These results suggest that NE can induce MAIL mRNA expression in hepatocytes through $IL-1{\beta}$, released from non-parenchymal liver cells.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.322-325
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• 2008

The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of kaempferol on cellular proliferation and cell cycle arrest and explore the mechanism for these effects in human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-453 cells. Cells were treated with kaempferol at various concentrations (ranging from 1 to $200\;{\mu}M$) for 24 and 48 hrs. Kaempferol significantly inhibited cancer cell growth in cells exposed to 50 and $10\;{\mu}M$ of kaempferol and incubated for 24 and 48 hrs, respectively. Exposure to kaempferol resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Of the G2/M-phase related proteins, kaempferol down-regulated CDK1 and cyclin A and B in cells exposed to kaempferol. In addition, small DNA fragments at the sub-G0 phase were increased by up to 23.12 and 31.90% at 10 and $50\;{\mu}M$ incubated for 24 and 48 hrs, respectively. The kaempferol-induced apoptosis was associated with the up-regulation of p53. In addition, the phosphorylation of p53 at the Ser-15 residue was observed with kaempferol. Kaempferol inhibits cell proliferation by disrupting the cell cycle, which is strongly associated with the induction of arrest at G2/M phase and may induce apoptosis via p53 phosphorylation in human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-453 cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2000

Inhibitory effects of cockle extracts on carcinogen-induced cytotoxicity in C3H/10T1/2 cells were studied. Soup (62$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), solubility (28$\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) and liposolubility (9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) of the cockle inhibited 3-methyl-cholanthrene(MCA)-induced cytotoxicity in C3H/10T1/2 cells by 53 and 94%, respectively. These results suggest that the extracts cockle might have anticarcinogen-induced cytotoxicity of C3H/10T1/2 cells. The effects of cockle extracts on the immune response related to its antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo were investigated. The cockle extracts showed a direct cytotoxic effect on sarcoma-180 cells, tumor cells in vitro. Soup (0.49 mg/mL), solubility (0.11 mg/mL) and liposolubiliy (0.05 mg/mL) of the cockle markedly decreased the total numbers of sarcoma-180 cells, but not their viability. The phagocytic acitivity of peritoneal macrophage of mice was significantly augmented by these extracts of the cockle compared with that of control in vivo. These extracts also raised the phagocuytic index, indicating that the number of phagocytize dmicrobes per macrophage increased. Thus, cockle extracts might show a antitumor activity by enhancing the phagocytic cell activities.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.306-310
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• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of the combination of fucoidan and lutein against AAPH-induced oxidative stress in THP-1 cells. The combination of fucoidan and lutein existed significant antioxidant effect on AAPH-damaged THP-1 cells by using lipid peroxidation and cellular antioxidant capacity assay. Fucoidan($1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and lutein($10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) did not affect at all the viability of THP-1 cells, but protected the AAPH-damage of THP-1 cells at the same concentration. The viability of THP-1 cells was 0% with 1 mM AAPH alone, the protective effect of fucoidan($1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and lutein($10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) was 37% and 36%, respectively. The combination of fucoidan($1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and lutein($10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) exhibited significant inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation using TBARS assay and cellular antioxidant capacity using DCFH-DA assay. In lipid peroxidation, the TBARS value of 1 mM AAPH alone was $0.8{\pm}0.03\;nM$ MDA, its of the combination of fucoidan($1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and lutein($10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) was $0.2{\pm}0.05\;nM$ MDA. In cellular antioxidant capacity, the combination of fucoidan($1\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) and lutein($10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) exhibited significant cellular antioxidant capacity of 76%, whereas quercetin($10\;{\mu}M$) as positive control exhibited the cellular antioxidant capacity of 32%. These results indicate that the cotreatment of fucoidan and lutein protects against AAPH-induced THP-1 cell damage by inhibiting lipid peroxidation, increasing cellular antioxidant capacity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.20-37
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• 2010

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effect of Yagwan-cheunghyeoltang (YCT) on insulin secretion in RIN-m5F cells. Methods: After treatment with various concentrations of YCT to RIN-m5F cells, cell viability, free radical-scavenging activity, SOD activity, and insulin secretion were measured. Additionally, insulin-related gene expressions were measured using real-time RT-PCR. Results: 1. YCT didn't show any influence on RIN-m5F cells viability. 2. YCT showed free radical-scavenging activity by 16% at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of concentration. 3. YCT showed enhancement of SOD activity by 60% at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of concentration. 4. YCT significantly increased insulin secretion in RIN-m5F cells in a dose-dependent manner. 5. YCT up-regulated INS-1, INS-2, IRS-1, IRS-2 and IRS-3 mRNA expressions compared to the control group. 6. YCT down-regulated INS-R, GCK, GLP-1R and GLP-2R mRNA expressions compared to the control group. Conclusion: YCT has pharmaceutical properties enhancing insulin production and controlling glucose-associated metabolism, and could be a candidate for drug development after further research.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of the aroma therapy of three kinds of aroma oil mixtures on asthma. 1. The percentage of granulocytes/lymphocytes population in mouse OVA-induced asthma lung cells was decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 2. The number of CCR3+ cells, CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD23 and CD3e+/CD69+ in lungs of the mice group treated with M1 were decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 3. The number of IgE+/B220+ cells in the lungs of the mice group treated with M1 decreased significantly compared with those of control group. But the number of B220+ cells in the lunes of the mice group treated with M1 didn't show significant difference compared with those of control group. 4. The number of Gr-1+/CD11b+ cells in lungs of the mice group treated with M1 didn't show significant difference compared with those of control group. But the number of CD11b+ cells in lungs of the mice group treated with M1 decreased significantly compared with those of control group.