• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2009

Recently, the necessity of VV&A and the importance of M&S are increasing in the national defense area. The purpose of VV&A is to assure a proper development of M&S and to provide users with sufficient information to determine if M&S could meet their demands. Therefore, VV&A process needs to be performed to guarantee the credibility of the M&S. However, the basic guidance and regulation of VV&A are not yet developed in Korea. This paper proposed the VV&A application process in the Korean Wartime Resource Requirement Model, focusing on the close combat situation of the model. The VV&A process provided in this paper can also be applied to other analytical models currently developing in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1322-1326
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• 1997

Characteristics of viscosity and spray dried particles for several polysaccharides were studied to investigate the possibilities as wall materials for microencapsulation. Viscosities of 10% maltodextrin, 10% gum arabic, 10% dextran, 1% gum locust bean, and 1% gum karaya were 2.2 mPa.s, 9.2 mPa.s, 13.0 mPa.s, 4660.0 mPa.s, and 77.0 mPa.s, respectively. In scanning electron micrographs for spray dried polysaccharides, gum arabic had spherical shapes at 20% and 30% emulsion concentration, while trailed shapes at 40%. Maltodextrin had uniform spherical shapes at 30%, while aggregated form with various kinds of capsule sizes at 40%. Dextran had spherical shapes at 20%, while trailed fibrous shapes at over 30%. Mixed polysaccharides with gum arabic:maltodextrin (1:3, w/w) had uniform spherical shapes at 20%, 30%, and 40% with increasing diameter with increasing concentration.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Verification, Validation & Accreditation (VV&A) process is widely applied in various disciplines as a method of acquiring the credibility for M&S tools. The guideline of VV&A states that the detailed process can be established flexibly according to the needs and the availability of resources. For example, DAPA (Defense Acquisition Program Administration) guideline suggests that the accreditation process in the VV&A can be omitted if necessary. On this study, we first introduce and describe V&V process. Accreditation process is omitted due to limited time and resources. However, the proposed V&V is sufficient for our needs. Finally, we apply the proposed process of V&V to the System-Integrated Simulator of "Raybolt", Medium-Range Infantry Missile System, for the acquisition of the M&S credibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.289-299
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• 2019

Attitude control modeling and simulation (M&S) can be extensively applied in overall development process, from simple algorithm design to on-board software verification. This paper introduces CMG-based attitude control M&S software, which consists of 6-DOF modeling (CMG and space environments modeling), and attitude control algorithm. The M&S software is divided into three modules, from an inner CMG motor control module to an outer earth observation mission module. While an application of this developed software is currently limited to the initial-phase attitude controller development, its application area can be extended to the later-phases by considering sophisticated model information in future.

• IE interfaces
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.254-261
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• 2008

Connected-(r,s)-out of-(m,n) : F system is an important topic in redundancy design of the complex system reliability and it's maintenance policy. Previous studies applied Monte Carlo simulation and genetic, simulated annealing algorithms to tackle the difficulty of maintenance policy problem. These algorithms suggested most suitable maintenance cycle to optimize maintenance pattern of connected-(r,s)-out of-(m,n) : F system. However, genetic algorithm is required long execution time relatively and simulated annealing has improved computational time but rather poor solutions. In this paper, we propose the ant colony optimization approach for connected-(r,s)-out of-(m,n) : F system that determines maintenance cycle and minimum unit cost. Computational results prove that ant colony optimization algorithm is superior to genetic algorithm, simulated annealing and tabu search in both execution time and quality of solution.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.607-617
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• 2014

Let S = C(r,m), the finite cyclic semigroup with index r and period m. Each subsemigroup of S is cyclic if and only if either r = 1; r = 2; or r = 3 with m odd. For $r{\neq}1$, the maximum value of the minimum number of elements in a (minimal) generating set of a subsemigroup of S is 1 if r = 3 and m is odd; 2 if r = 3 and m is even; (r-1)/2 if r is odd and unequal to 3; and r/2 if r is even. The number of cyclic subsemigroups of S is $r-1+{\tau}(m)$. Formulas are also given for the number of 2-generated subsemigroups of S and the total number of subsemigroups of S. The minimal generating sets of subsemigroups of S are characterized, and the problem of counting them is analyzed.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2023

Parkash and Kour obtained a new version of Cohen's theorem for Noetherian modules, which states that a finitely generated R-module M is Noetherian if and only if for every prime ideal 𝔭 of R with Ann(M) ⊆ 𝔭, there exists a finitely generated submodule N^𝔭 of M such that 𝔭M ⊆ N^𝔭 ⊆ M(𝔭), where M(𝔭) = {x ∈ M | sx ∈ 𝔭M for some s ∈ R \ 𝔭}. In this paper, we generalize the Parkash and Kour version of Cohen's theorem for Noetherian modules to S-Noetherian modules and w-Noetherian modules.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 1985

For each a.mem.S and f.mem.m(S), denote by $l_{a}$ f(s)=f(as) for all s.mem.S. If A is a norm closed left translation invariant subalgebra of m(S) (i.e. $l_{a}$ f.mem.A whenever f.mem.A and a.mem.S) containing 1, the constant ont function on S and .phi..mem. $A^{*}$, the dual of A, then .phi. is a mean on A if .phi.(f).geq.0 for f.geq.0 and .phi.(1) = 1, .phi. is multiplicative if .phi. (fg)=.phi.(f).phi.(g) for all f, g.mem.A; .phi. is left invariant if .phi.(1sf)=.phi.(f) for all s.mem.S and f.mem.A. It is well known that the set of multiplicative means on m(S) is precisely .betha.S, the Stone-Cech compactification of S[7]. A subalgebra of m(S) is (extremely) left amenable, denoted by (ELA)LA if it is nom closed, left translation invariant containing contants and has a multiplicative left invariant mean (LIM). A semigroup S is (ELA) LA, if m(S) is (ELA)LA. A subset E.contnd.S is left thick (T. Mitchell, [4]) if for any finite subser F.contnd.S, there exists s.mem.S such that $F_{s}$ .contnd.E or equivalently, the family { $s^{-1}$ E : s.mem.S} has finite intersection property.y.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.657-663
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• 2012

The Ca deficiency is a serious problem in the propagation of domestically bred 'Seolhyang' strawberry through soil cultivation. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of the Ca containing fertilizers on the decrease of Ca deficiency symptoms and in the growth of mother and daughter plants. To achieve this, chemicals of 1.125 mM $Ca(OH)_2$, 0.375 mM $MgCl_2$, and 1.25 mM KCl were blended to contain the K:Ca:Mg (4:2:1) and the influence was compared to a commercial fertilizer, Azuro-Calma ($NO_3$-N 13%, $K_2O$ 1%, CaO 16%, MgO 6%), when those were applied as solutions with the electrical conductivity (EC) controlled to 0.6 or 1.0dS ${\cdot}m^{-1}$. During 120 days after transplant, the Azuro-Calma was more effective than the combined fertilizer in the reduction of mother and daughter plants on which Ca deficiency was appeared. The application of two Ca containing fertilizers resulted in the heavier fresh and dry weights of mother plants. The treatments of 1.0dS ${\cdot}m^{-1}$ of two fertilizers were more effective than those of 0.6dS ${\cdot}m^{-1}$. The combined fertilizer was also more effective than Azuro-calma on the growth of above ground plant tissue. The results in length, fresh and dry weight of runners occurred from a mother plants showed that the treatment of 1.0dS ${\cdot}m^{-1}$ of combined fertilizer was most effective followed by those of 1.0dS ${\cdot}m^{-1}$ of Azuro-Calma, 0.6dS ${\cdot}m^{-1}$ of combined fertilizer, 0.6dS ${\cdot}m^{-1}$ of Azuro-Calma, and control. The fresh weights of daughter plants were heavier in the treatments of Ca application than those in the control treatment, but the differences between 0.6dS ${\cdot}m^{-1}$ and control were not significant. The above results indicate that Azuro-Calma is more effective in decreasing plants showing the Ca deficiency symptoms. However, the combined fertilizer of K:Ca:Mg is more desirable when we are concerned about the decrease of crops showing Ca deficiency as well as increase of the growth in above ground plant tissue.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 1989

In a batch fermentation process using carrot cell suspension culture, the effect of initial concentration of limiting nutrients(glucose and phosphate) on the specific growth rate and cell yield was investigated. The period of exponential growth is about 2 days and the consumption of glucose and phosphate in culture medium was very small when the initial concentrations of glucose and phosphate are 1.49g/1 ~ 3.01g/l and 0.08 ~ 0.32mM respectively. The specific growth rate of cells ranged from TEX>$0.15\;day^{-1}$ to $0.3\;day^{-1}$ irregularly. And the ratio of the initial concentration of glucose to phosphate did not affect the specific growth rate and the cell yield. The increase on cells had linear relationship with the consumption of limiting nutrients. Therefore, the increase of cells was found to be more influenced by the concentration of glucose than that of phosphate.