• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1174-1180
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• 2014

This study investigated the antioxidative and hair growth-promoting activities of Zizyphus jujuba (Zj) and fermented Zj with Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sac. cerevisiae). Among Zj and fermented Zjs, Sac. cerevisiae-fermented Zj (Zj-Y) exerted stronger scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals than others. In addition, total polyphenol content of Zj-Y was higher than that of non-fermented Zj and other fermented Zj. This result indicates that fermentation of Zj by Sac. cerevisiae elevated antioxidative activity. Furthermore, using an alopecia model in C57B/6N mice, the hair growth activities of Zj and Zj-Y were investigated. The test samples, EtOH, minoxidil (MXD), Zj, and Zj-Y, were topically treated with 0.2 mL/day for 4 weeks. The experiments involved macroscopic observation and measurement of hair length methods. The results show that regrowth speed of hair was in decreasing order of MXD> Zj-Y> Zj> EtOH. The topical application of MXD and Zj-Y in mice promoted hair regrowth and prevented hair loss compared to the control group. The present study indicates that Zj-Y is a promising treatment for alopecia.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.163-173
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• 2010

A significant number of projects have been managed by US Army Corps of Engineers FED. Today, more information must be provided to the parties involved in the projects by phase than ever before. Specifically, USFK`s construction projects have been managed by FED(Far East District). Recently, however, large US private construction companies have been filling the role previously taken by FED. However, there is few construction managers to implement FED project in Korea. Accordingly, this study analyzes FED projects practices with focus on the construction management actors in order to suggest guideline. This study suggests a model FED construction process(Bid, Contract, Construction, As-Built Phase) by analyzing the existing FED project process using a IDEF0 methodology.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 1991

A Propeller design method using the newly developed blade section(KH18), which behaves better cavitation characteristics, is presented. Experimental results for two-dimensional foil sections show that the lift-drag curve and the cavitation-free bucket diagram of the new blade section are wider comparing to those of the existion NACA sections. This characteristic of the new section is particularly important for marine propeller applications since angle of attack variation of the propeller blade operating behind a non-uniform ship's wake is relatively large. A lifting surface theory is used for the design of a propeller with the developed section for a 2700 TEU container ship. Since the most suitable chordwise loading shape is not known a priori, chordwise loading shape is chosen as a design parameter. Five propellers with different chordwise loading shapes and different foil sections are designed and tested in the towing tank and cavitation tunnel at KRISO. It is observed by a series of extensive model tsets that the propeller(KP197) having the chordwise loading shape, which has less leading edge loading at the inner radii and more leading edge loading at the outer radii of 0.7 radius, has higher propulsive efficiency and better cavitation characteristics. The KP197 propeller shows 1% higher efficiency, 30% cavitation volume reduction and 9% reduction of fluctuating pressure level comparing to the propeller with an NACA section. More appreciable efficiency gain for the new blade section propeller would be expected by reduction of expanded blade area considering the better cavitation characteristics of the new blade section.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.1
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• pp.125-131
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• 2009

To facilitate the sustainable forest management, Forest Service in Korea has assigned 2.9 million hectare forests as 'intensive management forests' and encouraged local governments to develop a strategic management plan for their forests. One of problems for the sustainable forest management in Korea is the skewed distribution of forest age classes. Currently the majority of forestlands in Korea is occupied by age classes III and IV. In this study, we intended to find an optimum harvest volume, which enable one to make the intensive management forest in Youngdong-Gun evenly distributed for the age classes and allow an even harvest volume through a 50 year time horizon. To develop an optimization model, we applied the goal programming technique which is adequate for a multi-purpose management planning. The results indicated that it is necessary to harvest 1.2 million cubic meters in each decade to achieve the most stable distribution of age classes for the study site. The harvest volume target resulted from this study would be used in a management planning or an associated policy making process in the future.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.6
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• pp.1259-1268
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• 2004

To organize training in limited training area for an actuai combat, realistic training simulation plugged in by various battle conditions is essential. In this paper, we propose a virtual target overlay technique which does not use a virtual image, but Projects a virtual target on ground-based CCD image by appointed scenario for a realistic training simulation. In the proposed method, we create a realistic 3D model (for an instructor) by using high resolution Geographic Tag Image File Format(GeoTIFF) satellite image and Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED), and extract the road area from a given CCD image (for both an instructor and a trainee). Satellite images and ground-based sensor images have many differences in observation position, resolution, and scale, thus yielding many difficulties in feature-based matching. Hence, we propose a moving synchronization technique that projects the target on the sensor image according to the marked moving path on 3D satellite image by applying Thin-Plate Spline(TPS) interpolation function, which is an image warping function, on the two given sets of corresponding control point pair. To show the experimental result of the proposed method, we employed two Pentium4 1.8MHz personal computer systems equipped with 512MBs of RAM, and the satellite and sensor images of Daejoen area are also been utilized. The experimental result revealed the effective-ness of proposed algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.121-132
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• 2000

This study is to investigate the performance of a new BNR process using predenitrification scheme focusing on nitrogen removal and the possibility of adapting a computer simulation scheme in BNR process development. By using a pre-denitrification basin, higher $COD/NO_3-N$ ratio could be sustained in this BNR process. The results of the investigation showed a SDNR value of 9.04mg/gMv/hr. In the anoxic tank, the average value of SPRR of 6.25mgP/gMv/hr was observed to be very sensitive to SCOD load of influents. By calibrating internal parameters (stoichiometric and kinetic parameters) of the simulation model, the results of simulation for various BNR processes gave good agreement with observed data. The major adjustment was given with three parameters, maximum specific growth rate of heterotrophic biomass, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) limit, and phosphorous release rate. With the series of simulations on varying operational conditions, the simulation by computer program can be a useful tool for process selection, and design and operation of municipal wastewater treatment plant.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2014

Norovirus causes acute gastroenteritis in all age groups and its food poisoning outbreaks are rapidly increasing in Korea. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is most widely used for the rapid detection of foodborne viruses due to high sensitivity. However, the false positive results of RT-PCR obtained against already inactivated viruses could be a serious drawbacks in food safety area. In this study, we investigated a method to yield true positive RT-PCR results only with alive viruses. To decompose the RNA genes from dead viruses, the enzymatic treatments composed of proteinse K and Ribonuclease A were applied to the sanitized and inactivated virus particles. Another aim of this study was to quantify the efficiencies of several major sanitizing treatments using real-time RT-PCR. Feline calicivirus (FCV) that belongs to the same Caliciviridae family with norovirus was used as a surrogate model for norovirus. The initial level of virus in control suspension was approximately $10^4$ PFU/mL. Most of inactivated viruses treated with the enzymatic treatment for 30 min at $37^{\circ}C$ were not detected in RT-PCR, Quantification results to verify the inactivation efficiencies of sanitizing treatments using real-time RT-PCR showed no false positive in most cases. We could successfully develope a numerical quantification process for the inactivated viruses after major sanitizing treatments using real-time RT-PCR. The results obtained in this study could provide a novel basis of rapid virus quantification in food safety area.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.413-417
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Saururus chinensis Baill in vitro and in vivo. Methanol extract of S. chinensis Baill inhibited yeast ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity by 49.8%, which was twice as strong as that of acarbose at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in vitro. The effect of S. chinensis Baill methanol extract on the postprandial increase in blood glucose levels was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using a carbohydrate load test. Oral administration of S. chinensis Baill extract (500 mg/kg) significantly decreased incremental blood glucose levels at 60 and 90 min (p<0.05) after oral ingestion of starch (1 g/kg). The area under the glucose response curve of the S. chinensis Baill group was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group (p<0.05). The effect of prolonged feeding of S. chinensis Baill was studied in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Three-week-old db/db mice were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing 0.5% S. chinensis Baill extract for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Plasma glucose, insulin, and blood glycated hemoglobin levels of the mice fed S. chinensis Baill extract were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Therefore, we conclude that S. chinensis Baill is effective in controlling hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2015

Purpose - This paper attempted to investigate the relationships among the perception of job insecurity and organizational effectiveness, and it examines these relationships while considering the moderating effect of trust in the manager and self-efficacy. Job insecurity is an independent variable, organizational effectiveness aspects (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention) are dependent variables, and trust and self-efficacy are moderators. Research design, data, and methodology - Regression analysis was used to verify the effects. The measurement items were already deemed as reliable and valid in the previous study, but for this purpose, some modifications were made. To examine the model, this study relied on the samples chosen from Korean employees in the six franchise business firms. The survey was conducted on 288 workers. Each question is based on a 5-point Likert type scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results - The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, job insecurity has an influence on organizational effectiveness aspects (negatively on job satisfaction, negatively on organizational commitment, and positively on turnover intention). Second, analyzing the moderating effect of trust, trust in manager is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on organizational commitment and on turnover intention). However, employees' trust in manager had no significant moderating effect on the job insecurity-job satisfaction relationship. Third, self-efficacy is mediated between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness aspects (on job satisfaction, on organizational commitment, and on turnover intention). Conclusions - First, it is necessary to be aware of the seriousness of employees' job insecurity in franchise firms, which have played a pivotal role in national economic growth, and to create a detailed plan for reducing insecurity and actively implementing it. To this end, the franchise companies should implement efficiency efforts such as obtaining an appropriate capacity of equipped personnel and a training program. Second, there are moderating effects of self-efficacy and trust in the relationship between job insecurity and organizational effectiveness. Depending on business conditions, stability and instability can only be experienced in the organizations of franchise companies. This can give rise to instability in employment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and utilize a system that can be minimized with a change in the new awareness of employment instability. After all, a good leader (manager) must accumulate personal trust and build up a core competence that is necessary to become competent in the field himself. Even if you lack the material resources to improve performance, if the leader with the core competencies (e.g., technical/management /organization/marketing/design) can gain the trust of the supervisor, you can get a good organizational performance. Therefore, you should foster a healthy organizational culture through education such as leadership training and employee training to be built on trust between the leaders and the employees. In addition, you need to focus on HRD&M training in order to increase the self-efficacy of the supervisor.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.292-292
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• 2018

2016년 태풍 "차바"로 인한 부산과 울산지역의 침수 및 2003년 발생한 태풍 "매미"로 인한 마산창원지역의 침수사례는 우리나라 해안도시유역이 해수면 상승에 의한 피해에 노출되어 있음을 간접적으로 입증하는 대표적 사례라 할 수 있다. IPCC 4차 평가보고서에 따르면 전 지구적 차원에서 지난 100년 동안 해수면은 약 1.7 m 상승하였으며, 1961~2003년 사이 해수면 상승률은 연평균 3.1 mm에 이르고 있다. 특히 우리나라 남해안은 연평균 3.4 mm씩 상승하고 있어 전 세계 해수면 평균 상승속도를 상회하고 있다. 또한 1990년대 이전보다 이후 기간에 우리나라에 영향을 준 태풍의 수가 많으며 평균적으로 태풍의 강도 및 해일고가 증가하고 있다. 따라서 전 지구적 해수면 상승과 태풍해일고 증가에 따른 복합적인 해수면 상승으로 인한 해안유역의 침수피해가 증가할 것으로 예상되며 특히 미래 발생 가능한 수퍼태풍에 의한 급격한 해일고의 상승은 해안유역에 침수피해를 더욱 가중시킬 것이라 예상된다. 특히 해수면 상승으로 인한 침수피해 특성은 홍수유출에 의한 내륙 침수피해와는 다른 특성을 보이고 있어 이에 대한 대응기법 개발이 절실한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해수면 상승에 따른 해안도시지역 대한 침수피해 예방 및 저감을 위한 침수모의기법을 개발하고 효율적 대응방안을 선정하는 기법을 제안하였다. 부정류 특성을 지닌 해수면 상승 경계조건 및 건물 간 도로를 통해 흐름이 발생하는 특성을 고려하여 해안지역의 시공적 침수규모 및 유속 등을 예측할 수 있는 2차원 수치모형을 개발하였다. 2003년 발생한 태풍 "매미" 발생 기간 동안 관측된 실제 해일고를 적용하여 창원 등 해안도시유역에 범람모의를 수행하였으며 실제 침수흔적과 비교함으로써 모형을 검증하였다. 또한 해안 경계선을 따라 월파방지벽을 설치하는 경계조건을 도입하여 월파방지벽 높이에 따른 해안도시유역 침수규모를 산정하여 월파방지벽 높이에 따른 시공적 침수규모를 분석함으로써 월파방지벽의 효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구결과는 해안지역 지점별 침수규모 및 최대 침수심 발생시간을 제공함으로써 침수에 따른 중장기적 구조적 대응방안 수립은 물론 초단기적 예상 해수면 상승에 다른 대피경로 제공 등 비구조적 수재해 대응 기법을 제시하는 기초자료를 제공에 활용 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.