• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2008

산란계 사료에 lycopene을 첨가 급여하여 생산된 계란의 난황 중에 전이된 lycopene의 함량을 급여 기간별로 확인하고, lycopene 함유 계란의 난황색, 난중, 난각 강도, 난황고, 난백고, 난황 직경, 난황 계수와 Haugh Unit(호우 유닛) 등 계란의 각종 품질 특성과 이들 계란의 장기 보존에 따른 품질의 변화상을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 결과 lycopene 처리군의 계란 중 lycopene 농도는 난황액 1 gram 당 각각 약 1.56 ${\mu}g$과 1.57 ${\mu}g$ 이었으며, 대조군의 계란에는 lycopene의 함량이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 사양 시험 2주경의 처리군의 난황 중 lycopene 함량 수준(23.4 ${\mu}g$)은 4주경의 수준(23.6 ${\mu}g$)과 유사하였다. 즉, 동일수준의 lycopene 첨가 사료를 지속적으로 급여하여도 난황 내 lycopene의 함량은 급여 기간의 경과에 따라 누적적으로 증가되지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 3. Lycopene 첨가군의 난황색 (P<0.01)은 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 수치를 보였다. 이외에도 처리군간에 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았으나 lycopene 첨가군의 난황고(P<0.08), 난황 직경(P<0.19), 난각 견실도(P<0.19), 호우 유닛(P<0.34), 난백고(P<0.33)도 대조군에 비하여 다소 높은 수치를 보였다. 각 처리군간에 난중의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 계란을 실온에서 4주간 보관시킨 후, 이들의 품질을 측정한 결과, Lycopene 처리군의 난황색(EYC)은 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 높았으나(P<0.01), 그 이외의 항목에서는 유의적 차이가 없었다. 저장 4주 후의 첨가군의 난백고와 난황고는 대조군 보다 크고 난황 직경(EYD)은 대조군보다 작게 나타났다. 이 현상은 첨가군의 호우유닛 수치를 대조군보다 크게 하는 데 영향을 미친 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2005년도 제22차 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.17-30
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• 2005

Lycopene is the red-coloured carotenoid predominantly found in tomato fruit and one of the major carotenoids in the diets of North American and Europeans. Interest in lycopene is growing rapidly following the recent publication of its effects as a natural antioxidant and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancers. Lycopene, a polyene hydrocarbon carotenoid haying 13 double bond, of which 11 are conjugated double bonds in a linear array exhibits a strong antioxidant property almost twice as strong as that of ${\beta}$-carotene. Lycopene has been shown in recent epidemiological and experimental studies to protect against oxidative damage of DNA which plays an important part in development of various cancer. Lycopene also contribute towards reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases by preventing oxidation of low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol. This review summarize our knowledge and the current understanding of lycopene in human health as well as the results of experiments we conducted. We conducted experiments for investigating the effects of antioxidant in broiler and the possibilities of production of high quality eggs containing lycopene by the dietary lycopene supplementation with synthetic lycopene or tomato paste. The results shows that thiobarbituric acid reaction substances(TBARS) values in process of LDL oxidation in blood serum of broiler were significantly decreased by dietary lycopene and tomato paste. The dietary lycopene supplementation resulted in improved egg yolk color and in decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) of egg yolk after 4 wk of storage at room temperature significantly(P<0.05). The dietary tomato paste was more effective in the MDA reduction compared to the lycopene(P<0.05). The contents of lycopene in egg yolk of the lycopene supplementation groups were significantly higher than those of the control group.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1227-1233
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• 2000

Lycopene을 dichloromethan에 용해하고 dry ice 상에서 ozonolysis을 행하였다. Ozonolysis에 의해 생성된 산화개열산물은 silica gel chromatography를 행하여 분획하고, photodiode array detector를 이용하여 ODS-HPLC와 LC-MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. Lycopene으로부터 생성된 carbonyl 화합물로 acycloretinal, apo-14'-lycopenal, apo-12'-lycopenal, apo-10'-lycopenal, apo-8'-lycopenal 그리고 apo-6'-lycopenal이 동정되었다. Lycopene을 toluene 및 Tween 40 수용액에 용해하고 $37^{\circ}C$에서 자동산화시킨 결과, 다수의 carbonyl 화합물이 생성되었다. Lycopene의 자동산화에 의해 생성된 carbonyl 화합물의 대부분은 ozonolysis에 얻어진 산화개열산물이 나타내는 HPLC상의 거동과 분광학적 특성이 서로 잘 일치하였다. 이러한 결과는 in vitro 상의 산화적 조건하에서 lycopene 자동산화에 의해 eccentric cleavage가 생성됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2013

Lycopene cyclase converts lycopene to ${\beta}$-carotene by catalyzing the formation of two beta-rings at each end of the linear carotene structure. This reaction takes place as a two-step reaction in which both sides of of the lycopene molecule are cyclized into ${\beta}$-carotene rings via the monocyclic ${\gamma}$-carotene as an intermediate. The crtY gene coding for lycopene cyclase from Paracoccus haeundaensis consists of 1,158 base pairs encoding 386 amino acids residues. An expression plasmid containing the crtY gene (pET44a-CrtY) was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli, and produced a recombinant protein of approximately 43 kDa, corresponding to the molecular mass of lycopene cyclase. The expressed protein was purified to homogeneity by His-tag affinity chromatography and showed enzymatic activity corresponding to lycopene cyclase. We also determined the lycopene substrate specificity and NADPH cofactor requirements of the purified protein. The $K_m$ values for lycopene and NADPH were 3.5 ${\mu}M$ and 2 mM, respectively. The results obtained from this study will provide a wider base of knowledge on the enzyme characterization of lycopene cyclase at the molecular level.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1232-1237
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• 2014

Lycopene, which is a well-known red carotenoid pigment, has been drawing scientific interest because of its potential biological functions. The current study reports that lycopene acts as a bactericidal agent by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage in Escherichia coli. Lycopene treatment elevated the level of ROS-in particular, hydroxyl radicals ($^*OH$)-which can damage DNA in E. coli. Lycopene-induced DNA damage in bacteria was confirmed and we also observed cell filamentation caused by cell division arrest, an indirect marker of the DNA damage repair system, in lycopene-treated E. coli. Increased RecA expression was observed, indicating activation of the DNA repair system (SOS response). To summarize, lycopene exerts its antibacterial effects by inducing $^*OH$-mediated DNA damage that cannot be ameliorated by the SOS response. Lycopene may be a clinically useful adjuvant for current antimicrobial therapies.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1437-1441
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• 2000

Acycloretinal을 Tollens 시약으로 처리하여 acycloretinoic acid를 얻었다. 생성된 표준품 acycloretinoic acid는 Silica-HPLC 및 ODS-HPLC를 통하여 정제를 행하고 GC-MS에 의해 동정하였다. Lycopene을 toluene과 Tween 40 수용액에서 $37^{\circ}C$ 조건으로 자동산화시킨 결과, acidic 화합물이 생성되었다. Lycopene의 자동산화로부터 생성된 acidic 화합물은 그 HPLC상의 거동, 분광학적 특성 및 mass spectra의 특성이 acycloretinoic acid 표준품과 잘 일치하였다. 이러한 결과로 in vitro상의 산화적 조건하에서 lycopene의 자동산화에 의해 acycloretinoic acid가 생성됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1797-1804
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• 2007

Lycopene, an acyclic carotenoid found in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and a number off fruits, has shown various biological properties, but its antifungal effects remain poorly understood. The current study investigated the antifungal activity of lycopene and its mode of action. Lycopene showed potent antifungal effects toward pathogenic fungi, tested in an energy-independent manner, with low hemolytic effects against human erythrocytes. To confirm the antifungal effects of lycopene, its effects on the dimorphism of Candida albicans induced by fetal bovine serum (FBS), which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of a host invasion, were investigated. The results showed that lycopene exerted potent antifungal activity on the serum-induced mycelia of C. albicans. To understand the antifungal mode of action of lycopene, the action of lycopene against fungal cell membranes was examined by FACScan analysis and glucose and trehalose-release test. The results indicated that lycopene caused significant membrane damage and inhibited the normal budding process, resulting from the destruction of membrane integrity. The present study indicates that lycopene has considerable antifungal activity, deserving further investigation for clinical applications.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2002

Lycopene as a natural antioxidant may provide protection against a broad range of epithelial cancers and chronic diseases. Lycopene concentrate extracted from tomatoes can be used as functional food. Lycopene would undergo degradation via isomerization and oxidation under different processing conditions, which impact its bioactivity and reduce the fuuctionality for health benefits. Heat and light induce lycopene oxidation and isomerization of all-trans form to cis form. The effects of thermal treatment and light irradiation on the stability of lycopene were determined. Results have shown that lycopene stability depends on the extent of oxidation and isomerization. Cir-isomers are less stable than trans-isomers. The level of cis-isomers increased as treatment time increased but only for a short period during the beginning of the treatment. The major effect of thermal treatment and light irradiation was a significant decrease in the total lycopene content. A true assessment of health benefits of lycopene concentrate depends on the lycopene content and the composition of all trans-isomers and cia-isomers.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1093-1099
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• 2010

항암 효과와 항산화 기능을 가지는 것으로 알려진 lycopene은 심혈관에서의 기능이 현재까지 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 lycopene의 심혈관 기능을 알기 위해 혈관내피세포를 이용해 다양한 세포실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, lycopene은 내피세포의 성장 및 이동을 촉진하였으나 세포사멸에는 영향이 없었다. 또한, 백혈구의 혈관내피세포 부착을 억제하였고 내피세포 내 신호전달물질인 MAPK들의 활성을 촉발하였다. MAPK의 활성 억제제를 이용한 신호전달기전 연구실험 결과, ERK와 p38 MAPK의 활성은 세포성장에 관여하고, JNK의 활성은 세포이동에 관여함을 확인하였다. 종합하면, lycopene은 혈관내피세포의 신호전달 물질인 MAPK들를 통해 세포성장 및 이동을 촉진시키며, LPS에 의한 THP-1의 내피세포 부착을 억제 하는 등 혈관내피세포의 다양한 생리활성을 조절한다. Lycopene의 이러한 혈관내피세포 기능들은 lycopene이 혈관질환 치료제로 응용될 가능성이 있음을 의미한다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2013

The effect of lycopene supplementation on the antioxidant system was investigated by analyzing lipid peroxide levels, glutathione contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities in Mongolian gerbils fed a high fat diet. Gerbils were fed on each experimental diet for 6 weeks; normal diet (NC), normal diet with 0.05% lycopene (NL), high fat diet (HF), and a high fat diet with 0.05% lycopene (HFL). Dietary supplementation of lycopene increased hepatic lycopene level in gerbils fed a normal or high fat diet (P < 0.05). Liver and erythrocyte concentrations of lipid peroxide increased in gerbils fed a high fat diet, whereas lycopene supplementation decreased liver and erythrocyte concentrations of lipid peroxide (P < 0.05). Hepatic total glutathione content was higher in the NL group than that in the NC group (P < 0.05). Total antioxidant status in plasma increased following lycopene supplementation compared with that of the non-lycopene supplemented groups (P < 0.05). Hepatic catalase activity increased following dietary lycopene supplementation (P < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity in liver remained unchanged with lycopene supplementation, but erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity increased in NL group compared with NC group (P < 0.05). Glutathione-S-transferase activity increased in the NL group compared to NC group (P < 0.05). Liver and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity increased significantly in the NL group compared to that in the HF group (P < 0.05). Liver glutathione reductase activity was higher in the NL group than that in the NC group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that lycopene supplementation may be efficient for preventing chronic diseases induced by oxidative stress related to high fat diet.