• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2006

A taxonomic study of the family Zoarcidae was conducted using fish collections deposited in the Department of Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea and the East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Korea. Among these collections, the following four species of the genus Lycodes are recognized as the first records for Korea; L. sadoensis, L. japonicus, L. pectoralis, and L. sigmatoides. These species are here redescribed and figured, with their distributions and a provisional key to five genera and eleven species of the family Zoarcidae from Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2014

We investigated the reproductive characteristics of Lycodes tanakae in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea to elucidate the species' population structure. We investigated Lycodes tanakae maturation and spawning based on samples collected by Danish seine and gill nets from January 2012 to December 2013. We analyzed monthly changes in maturity stage, gonadosomatic index (GSI), egg diameter, fecundity, and total length at 50% group maturity. The spawning period was December to February, while fecundity ranged from 1,677 eggs at 57.3 cm (total length;TL) to 6,445 eggs at 75.7 cm. The relationship between TL and fecundity (F) was $F_e=6E-05TL^{3.127}$ ($R^2$ = 0.516), and F increased with increasing TL. We estimated the TL at 50% group maturity as 60.4 cm for females and 59.8 cm for males. This study is the first report of Lycodes tanakae reproductive characteristics in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.843-850
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• 2013

The feeding habits of Lycodes tanakae Eelpout were studied with 722 specimens collected from March 2011 to December 2012 in the coastal waters of the middle East Sea. The main prey of L. tanakae were fish, molluscs and arthropods. Nevertheless annelida, echinodermata and others were found in small amounts in the stomach contents. The L. tanakae stomach was empty of contents in 50.9% of specimens. While smaller size specimens of L. tanakae (less than 40 cm) fed mainly on euphausiids and amphipods, the larger specimens (more than 40 cm) fed on the fish Allolepis hollandi and Icelus cataphractus, and the molluscs Berryteuthis magister and Watasenia scintillans. The main prey items of L. tanakae varied seasonally. The fish Lycodes nakamurai was the dominat prey from November to January during its spawning season. Euphausiids and amphipods of the arthropods were the dominant prey from February to April. The molluscs Berryteuthis magister and Watasenia scintillans were the dominant prey from May to September. The diversity index (H') of diets showed variations by length class and month; the highest values were 2.61 in the length class of 51-55 cm, and the monthly highest were 2.68 in September with 23 species and 2.65 in November with 18 species. The highest dominance index (D') of diets was 0.57 in the length class of 31-35 cm, and the monthly highest was 0.71 in February. Cluster analysis divided prey groups into four groups by length class and three groups by monthly prey items. The gonad index gradually increased during the process of maturation while, contrary, stomach content index decreased during this period.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.22.1-22.7
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• 2019

The functional peptides from protein hydrolysates of various fishery sources have been identified such as antioxidant activity. The main intention of this study was purification and characterization of antioxidative peptide from black eelpout muscle. The antioxidative peptides were purified from black eelpout (Lycodes diapterus) muscle using different proteases. Antioxidant activity of black eelpout hydrolysates was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging activity. Among six hydrolysates, the pepsin hydrolysate had the highest antioxidant activity compared to the other hydrolysates. Therefore, it was further purified and a peptide with seven amino acid residues of DLVKVEA (784 Da) was identified by amino acid sequence analysis. The EC₅₀ value for scavenging DPPH radicals by purified peptide was 688.77 μM. Additionally, the purified peptide exhibited protective effect against DNA damage induces by oxidation in mouse macrophages (RAW 264.7 cells). The results of this study suggest that black eelpout muscle protein hydrolysate could potentially contribute to development of bioactive peptides in basic research.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

The biochemical composition of muscle from three deep-sea animals, Tanaka's eelpout Lycodes tanakae magistrate armhook squid Berryteuthis magister, and ocean sunfish Mola mola caught in the East sea in South Korea was determined. The moisture (81.4-93.8 g/100 g), crude protein (5.0-15.6 g/100 g), crude lipid (0.1-1.5 g/100 g), and ash (1.0-1.1 g/100 g) contents of the two fishes were analyzed. The proximate composition of magistrate armhook squid was: moisture 84.0 g/100 g, crude protein 12.4 g/100 g, crude lipid 0.7 g/100 g, and ash 1.5 g/100 g. There was little difference in the proximate compositions of the three animals. The total amino acid contents of Tanaka's eelpout, magistrate armhook squid, and ocean sunfish were 14.64, 10.75, 3.10-9.95 g/100 g, respectively. High levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, and arginine were found, while low levels of histidine, glycine, and cysteine were detected in the animals. A survey of the free amino acid contents of the animals revealed large amounts of alanine and glycine. Significant differences were found in the fatty acid composition among the three species. Specially, different saturated fatty acids (17.14-40.49%) such as C16:0, and C18:0, monounsaturated fatty acids (19.19-46.88%) such as C16:1, and C18:1, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (35.41-57.08%) such as EPA, and DHA was identified. Our results suggest that each of these deep sea animals possesses nutritional value and should be considered as a foodstuff.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.500-525
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• 1991

1986년부터 1991년까지 우리나라 연안에서 채집된 베도라치아목 Blennioidei과 등가시치아목 Zoareoidei의 어류 표본을 대상으로 분류학적으로 재검토하였다. 베도라치아목 어류는 먹베도라치과 Tripterygiidae의 가막베도라치 Enneoptewgius etheostomus(Jordan et Snyder) , 비늘 베도라친과 Labrisomidae의 비늘베도라치 감eoclinus bwope(4ordan et Snyder) , 그리고 청 베도라치과 B1enniidae의 청베도라치 Pictiblennius yotobei(Jordan et Snyder), 저울베도라치Entomacrodus stellifer lighti(Herre), 대강베도라치 Istibfennius enosimae(Jordan et Snyder), 앞동갈베도라치 Omobranchus elrgons(Steindachner), 골베도라치 O. punctatus (Valenciennes) 및 두줄베도라치 Petroscines breuiceps(Valenciennes)의 7속 8종으로 분류되었다. 이 가운데 N. bwope의 표본은 우리나라에서는 본 조사기간 중 제주도 연안에서 처음으로 확인되어 한국 미기록종으로 보고한다. 한편 등가시치아목의 어류는 등가시치란 Zoarcidae의 벌레문치 Lycodes tanakoi Jordan et Thompson, 먹갈치 Lycodes nakamurai Tanaka, 등가시치 Zoarces gilrii Jordan et Starts, 실베도라치 Zoarchias aculeatus( Basilewsky), 우베도라치 Zoarchias uchidai Matsubara, 민베도라치 Zoarchias glaber Tanaka, 얼룩가시치 Neozoarces pulcher Steindachner, 칠성갈치 Petroschmidtia toyamensis Katayama, 자갈치 Gvmnelopsis brashnikoui Soldatov, 문자갈치 Dauidijordania poecilimon(Jordan et Fowler) 및 청자갈치 Allolepis hollandi Jordan et Hubbs, 장갱이란 Stichaeidae의 세줄베도라치 식nogrammus hewagrammus(Temminck et Schlegel), 장갱이 Stichaeus grigorjemi Her\ulcornerenstein, 왜도라치 Chri'olophis wui(Wang et Wang ) , 괴도라치 Chirolophis joponicus(Jordan et snyder) , 벼슬베도라치 각ectrias benjamini Jordan et Snyder, 가시베도라치 Lumpenella nigricons Matsubara, 육점날개 Ophistocentws zonope jordan et Snyder, 그물베도라치 Dictyosoma burgeri Van der Hoeven 및 황점 베도라치Dictyosoma wbrimaculata Yatsu, Yasuda et Taki, 그리고 황줄베도라치란 Pholididae의 황줄베도라치 Phoris taczanowskii(Steindachner), 오색베도라치 Phoris omotus (Girad), 베도라치 Pholis nebuloso(Temminck et Schlegel), 횐베도라치 Pholisfangi(Wang et Wang) 및 점베도라치 Pholis crossispino(Temminck et Schlegel)의 17속 25종이 분류되었다. 이중에서 Zoarchias glaber, Chirofophis oui, Alectrias benjamini, Dictyosoma mbrimaculamia 및 Pholis crassispina의 5종은 한국 미기록종으로 보고한다. 아울러 이들 미기록종을 포함한 한국산 베도라치아목과 등가시치아목 어류의 속 .종 검색선 와 종별 사진을 제시하고, 이들 표본을 근거로 하여 형태적 특징, 계수계측치, 채집지 및 서식처를 기록하였으며, 이들의 분류학적 위치에 대해 논의하였다. 우리나라에 출현하는 베도라치아권의 어류는 거의 대부분이 제주도 연안과 서남해 연안에 제한분포하는데, 등가시치아목의 어류는 주로 동해연안에서 많은 종이 출현하고 있어서 동물지리학적으로 주목된 다.