• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 1998

Some physical properties and chemical compositions of Lycii Cortex depending on the various extracting conditions were investigated for their changes during extraction with ethanol and water. Solid matter and contents of total sugar in water extracts were higher than those of ethanol extract. but contents of tannic acid in ethanol extracts was higher than that in water extracts. The methanol extract of the Lycii Cortex were fractionated with ethyl ether. ethyl acetate. n-butanol and water. The yield was higher in the order of water > n - butanol > ethyl ether and ethyl acetate fraction. Turbidity of water extraction was higher than that of ethanol extraction.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.347-366
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of Lycii Radicis Cortex on hyperlipidemia, experimental studies were performed on hyperlipidemia rats. Hyperlipidemia model (controll group) was induced by 1% cholesterol fed-diet for 8 weeks. Sample I group fed with 1% cholesterol and 4% Lycii Radicis Cortex diet for 8 weeks. Sample II group fed with 1% cholesterol and 8% Lycii Radicis Cortex diet for 8 weeks. The contents of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, phospholipid, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured, and fat accumulation in liver and the change of elastic and collagenous fiber in aortic wall were observed. The results were summurized as follows ; 1. The content of total cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, but did not show a significance. 2. The content of triglyceride in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample II group showed a significant value. 3. The content of free fat acid in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample II group showed a significant value. 4. The content of phospholipid in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, but did not show a significance. 5. The content of HDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be increased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 6. The content of LDL-cholesterol in the serum compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group, and then sample I group showed a significant value. 7. The lipophagy in liver compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group. 8. The change of elastic and collagenous fiber lesion in tunica media of aortic wall, compared with control group tended to be decreased in sample group. According to the above results, it is assumed that Lycii Radicis Cortex has a valid effect on hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it seems to be applicable to the diseases related to hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to investigate the biological function of Lycium chinence Miller yogurt. Antioxidant activity was higher in methanol extract yogurt than in water extract yogurt. The antioxidant activity was shown at 83.9% in Lycii folium extract yogurt, 47.0% in Lycii fructus extract yogurt and 54.0% in Lycii cortex extract yogurt. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor activity was shown highly both in water extract and methanol extracts from the Lycii folium. The $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor activity was shown at the 4.0% concentration of Lycii folium extract yogurt, Lycii fructus extract yogurt and Lycii cortex extract. In an orally administrated rat, normal yogurt, Lycii fructus extract yogurt and Lycii cortex extract yogurt have no effect on blood cholesterol content. IgG production in blood is more increased in Lycii cortex extract yogurt than in normal yogurt and Lycii fructus extract yogurt.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.385-391
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• 2003

The influences of the extracts from Cinnamomi Cortex, Eucommiae Cortex, Puerariae Radix, Lycii Fructus, Zizyphi Fructus, Schisandrae Fructus, Mume Fructus, Chaenomelis Fructus on mycelial growth and aflatoxin $B_1$ production from Aspergillus parasiticus were analyzed. The pH of the culture media were reduced to below pH 4 by all the herbal extracts after 3 days incubation. However, the pH of the culture media increased above pH 6 after 6 days incubation using the extracts from Cinnamomi Cortex, Eucommiae Cortex, Puerariae Radix and Lycii Fructus. The mycelial growth of A. parasiticus was increased over the amount of the control. Puerariae Radix produced the largest amount of mycelial growth and Chaenomelis Fructus produced the smallest amount of mycelial growth. The productions of aflatoxin $B_1$ from A. parasticus culture were increased by the extracts of Puerariae Radix and Zizyphi Fructus, while inhibited by the extracts of Cinnamomi Cortex, Eucommiae Cortex, Lycii Fructus, Schisandrae Fructus, Mume Fructus and Chaenomelis Fructus. In particular, the extracts of Cinnamomi Cortex, Lycii Fructus and Schisandrae Fructus almost inhibited the production of aflatoxin $B_1$. The production of the total protein from Cinnamomi Cortex, which produced much less aflatoxin $B_1$, and Puerariae Radix, which produced a great deal of aflatoxin $B_1$ from A parasticus were slightly higher than the production of the total protein of the control medium.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.391-397
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• 2007

To develop new high valuable Gugija (Lycium chinensis), biofunctionalities of Gugija standard species and its hybrids were investigated and compared with each water extracts and methanol extracts from Lycii Fructus, Lycii Folium and buds and Lycii Cortex Radicis. Among various biofunctionalities of Gugija standard species, antioxidant activity was showed the highest in methanol extracts from buds of Cheongwoon species (93%) and antihypertensive angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was 84.1% in the water extracts from Lycii Cortex Radicis of Cheongyang NO.7. Futhermore, methanol extracts from Lycii Cortex Radicis of Myungan A-2 hybrid showed 93.1% of antioxidant activity and 96.9% of ACE inhibitory activity was also showed in the methanol extracts from Lycii Fructus of DO148-72(A11) hybrid. However, fibrinolytic activity and anticholesteromia HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity were weak or not detected in almost of Gugija standard species and its hybrids. Therefore, we finally selected Cheongwoon Gugija standard species (buds) and Myungan A-2 hybrid (Lycii Cortex Radicis) as good antioxidant sources and also DO148-72 (A11) hybrid (Lycii Fructus) as excellent antihypertensive ACE inhibitior sources for manufacturing functional food product.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.250-261
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to examine the fermentation properties of yogurt with Lycii fructus, Lycii folium and Lycii cortex powder, and extract additives at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0%. Lactic acid bacteria was used in a mixed starter culture of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus(ST36) and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus(LB12). When the boxthorn was added with extract types, the changes of pH, acidity and lactic acid bacteria counts of yogurt during the fermenation of 3 hours were pH 5.64, titratable acidity 0.85%, 5.80xl0$\^$6/cfu/ml of viable cell counts for control yogurt, whereas those were pH 4.10∼5.06, titratable acidity 0.98∼1.27%, 1.80∼9.60x10$\^$7/ cfu/ml of viable cell counts for Lycii fructus extract yogurt. The lactose hydrolysis ratio was better for 1.0% Lycii fructus extract yogurt(42.00%) and 1.0% Lycii folium extract yogurt(41.46%) than for control yogurt(28.40%). Also, content of lactic acid of 1.0% Lycii fructus(11.9 times) and 1.0% Lycii folium extract yogurt(10.6 times) produced more than control yogurt(7.3 times). The viscosity of yogurt was better for boxthorn extract yogurt(1,027∼1,382 cps) than for control yogurt(975cps). The sensory scores of color, taste and overall acceptability of yogurt with 0.5, and 1.0% Lycii fructus extract additive were better than other groups. The yogurts made with increased Lycii fructus extract concentration(0.5∼6.0%), showed the increase of lactic acid, titratable acidity, number of lactic acid bacteria, viscosity and lactose hydrolysis rate compared to the treatments of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% Lycii folium and Lycii cortex extract and powder yogurt. We gained excellent results from the yogurt to which Lycii fructus extract was added with 0.51.0% concentration.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.117-128
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study the antidepressant effects of mixture of Citri Peticulatae Viride Pericarpium and Lycii Radicis Cortex on the change of HPA-Axis and Catecholamic system was investigated Methods : The forced swimming test(FST) was performed. The expression of corticotropin-releasing factor(CRF), c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN), and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the ventral tegmental area(VTA) and locus coeruleus(LC) was measured with immunohistochemical method and the concentration of seum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) was measured with ELISA method. And the experimental groups were divided into the extraction after mixing(A) and mixture after extraction(B). The effects of both group were compared. Results : The duration of immobility in the forced swimming test was significantly decreased in the A400 group(P<0.01). The expression of CRF in PVN were significantly reduced in the A100, A400, B100, B400groups(P<0.001). but the expression of c-fos in PVN weren't reduced in all groups. And the concentration of ACTH in Plasma were significantly reduced in the A 100 group(P<0.01). The expression of TH in LC were significantly reduced in the A 400, B 100 and B400 groups(P<0.05~P<0.01). Conclusion : Mixture of Citri Peticulatae Viride Pericarpium and Lycii Radicis Cortex has antidepressant effects. But the difference between mixing and extracting methods was not shown.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

Objectives : This study aimed to compare the anti-diabetic efficacy of Lycii Radicis Cortex (Lycium chinense Mill.) and Corni Fructus (Cornus officinalis) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; normal, STZ-control, Lycii Radicis Cortex extract-administrated group (LRC) and Corni Fructus extract-administrated group(CF). Diabetes in rats was induced by intraperitonal injection with streptozotocin (STZ) at doses of, 30 mg/kg (body weight) for 5 days (once per a day). STZ-induced diabetic rats were orally administrated LRC and CF extract daily for 4 weeks at doses of 300 mg/kg. Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were measured in sera of rats. Histopathological changes of kidney, liver and lung tissues were observed by microscope after H&E staining. Results : There were no differences in body and kidney weights, food intake and water intake in LRC- and CF-administrated groups compared with STZ control group. However, glucose, TC and TG levels in serum were significantly decreased in LRC-administrated groups compared with STZ-control group. In histopathological analysis of kidney, liver and lung, both LRC- and CF-administrated groups showed the inhibition of morphological damage. Conclusions : These results suggest that LRC and CF have a biological action on STZ-induced diabetes in rats via decreasing the serum TG and TG levels and may protect the morphological changes of kidney, liver and lung.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.687-700
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to examine the fennentation properties of yogurts with or without Lyeii fructus, Lyeii folium and Lyeii cortex extract as additives at concentrations of 1.0%. The effects on promoting the fermentation by Lycii fructus, Lycii folium and Lycii cortex additives were higher and pH was below 4.06 when Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus cosei, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum and Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus were used. The acid production was higher when S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricw were used. The average lactic acid bacteria counts was 2.62 ${\times}$ $10^9$ cfu/ml in the yogurt added with Lycii fructus extract and fermentation with S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricw. The lactose hydrolysis ratio was higher in the milk added with Lycii fructus extract(36.11%), Lycii folium extract(37.76%) and Lycii cortex extract(32.70%) when S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus were used. The isobutylic acid concentration was(34.39 to 37.72 mM) with S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus and L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus. The viscosity of yogurt was 1,615 to 2,030 cP in yogurts added with skim milk and L. acidophilus; B. longum and S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus were used. The sensory scores of colors, tastes and overall acceptability of yogurt with Lycii cortex extract were shown 3.34 to 3.77 when fermented by L. cosei, L. acidophilus, B. longum and S. salivarius ssp. thermophilus. The cholesterol reducing effects were 17.38${\sim}$32.08% in all the yogurts and especially, greater effect(25.75 to 32.08%) for yogurts fermented with L. acidophilus KCTC3150 and L. salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27. The inhibitory effects on the pathogenic bacteria by lactic acid bacteria added with Lycii fructus, Lycii folium and Lyeii cortex lower on S. typhimurium M-15, but higher on E. coli KCTC1021 and L. monocytogenes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.17-26
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• 2009

Objectives: Little information is available regarding the effect of Lycii cortex radicis (LCR) on cell viability in glioma cells. This study was therefore undertaken to examine the effect of LCR on cell survival in U87MG human glioma cells. Methods: Cell viability and cell death were estimated by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using the fluorescence probe DCFH-DA. Activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activation of caspase-3 were estimated by Western blot analysis. Results: LCR resulted in apoptotic cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. LCR increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and LCR-induced cell death was also prevented by antioxidants, suggesting that ROS generation played a critical role in LCR-induced cell death. Western blot analysis showed that LCR treatment caused down-regulation of Akt and ERK. The LCR-induced cell death was increased by the inhibitors of Akt and ERK. Activation of caspase-3 was stimulated by LCR and caspase inhibitors prevented the LCR-induced cell death. Conclusion: These findings suggest that LCR results in human glioma cell death through a mechanism involving ROS generation, down-regulation of Akt and ERK, and caspase activation.