• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.9-20
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• 1995

I would like to state my own opinion on arthralgia syndrome(痺病) through the literatural studies. First of all, arthralgia symdrome(痺病) must be classified into six type basically, which are migratory arthralgia(痺病(行痺)), arthritis of heat type(濕痺), arthritis due to blood stasis(瘀血痺) and deficient rheumatism(虛痺), and then could be considered to try the compound names of arthralgia syndrome. These can come from according to the rise and decline of causes in wind(風), cold(寒), damp(濕), heat(熱), blood stasis(瘀血) and qi-blood(氣血). For example, it would be possible to apply the wind-dampness rheymatism(風濕痺) of damp-heat rheumatism(濕熱痺) in terminology of arthralgia syndrome(痺病). As rheumatoid arthritis(歷節風), rheumatoid arthritis like white tiger bite (白虎歷節風) and gout (痛風) not to mean the gout in western medicine have been announced a kind of arthralgia syndromes(痺病) by many doctors since Ming dynasty(明代) and proved it to be true, it is reasonabie not to try it any longer. And tingling and deficiency of sensation(廢木 不仁) is a symptome showing the decline of muscle power including mainly the abnormal sensation of skin, it would be recommended to be classified into fliaccidity syndrome(?痺). And then the names rheumatism invoiving lendon and ligament(筋痺), rheumatism involving blood vessels(脈痺), rheumatism involving muscle(肌痺), numbness of skin (皮痺) and rheumatism involving bone(骨痺), which have been used as the classification title with the season be received bad-qi(邪氣), must be classlfied to the location appearing aymptomes. Though obstruction of the liver-qi(肝痺), obstruction of the heart-qi(心痺), stagnation of the spleen-qi(脾痺), stagnation of the lung-qi(肺痺), stagnation of the kidney-qi(腎痺) and dysfunction of the bladder(胞痺) that used visceral and bladder name, that stated a kind of arthralgia syndrome(痺病), but it must be classified into a different diseases from arthragia syndrome.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.142-151
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• 2017

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) has a high mortality rate. Research has demonstrated that sICH occurrence is related to weather conditions; therefore, this study used the decision tree method to explore the impact of climatic risk factors on sICH at different ages. The Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) and other open-access data were used in this study. The inclusion criterion was a first-attack sICH. The decision tree algorithm and random forest were implemented in R programming language. We defined a high risk of sICH as more than the average number of cases daily, and the younger, middle-aged and older groups were calculated as having 0.77, 2.26 and 2.60 cases per day, respectively. In total, 22,684 sICH cases were included in this study; 3,102 patients were younger (<44 years, younger group), 9,089 were middle-aged (45-64 years, middle group), and 10,457 were older (>65 years, older group). The risk of sICH in the younger group was not correlated with temperature, wind speed or humidity. The middle group had two decision nodes: a higher risk if the maximum temperature was >$19^{\circ}C$ (probability = 63.7%), and if the maximum temperature was <$19^{\circ}C$ in addition to a wind speed <2.788 (m/s) (probability = 60.9%). The older group had a higher risk if the average temperature was >$23.933^{\circ}C$ (probability = 60.7%). This study demonstrated that the sICH incidence in the younger patients was not significantly correlated with weather factors; that in the middle-aged sICH patients was highly-correlated with the apparent temperature; and that in the older sICH patients was highly-correlated with the mean ambient temperature. "Warm" cold ambient temperatures resulted in a higher risk of sICH, especially in the older patients.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.131-155
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• 2013

Objectives A study on the importance of observing face color in the Dongeuibogam and the other things to know when we observe face color. Methods We used Deyuk Dongeuibogam of Dongeuibogam publishing company from original photographic edition. Results (1) In all section(ex. Naekyungpyeon, Oehyeongpyeon and Japbyoungpyeon), the chapters related with observing face color were fifty-one. In Naekyungpyeon, the chapters related with observing face color were nineteen(37%). In Oehyeongpyeon, the chapters related with observing face color were ten(20%). In Japbyoungpyeon, the chapters related with observing face color were twenty-two(43%). In all section(ex. Naekyungpyeon, Oehyeongpyeon and Japbyoungpyeon), the statements related with observing face color were three-hundred and nine. In Naekyungpyeon, the statements related with observing face color were sixty-four(21%). In Oehyeongpyeon, the statements related with observing face color were fifty-two(17%). In Japbyoungpyeon, the statements related with observing face color were one hundred ninety-three(62%). (2) In each chapter, the number of statement related with observing face color was studied. Pediatric Chapter (75) were the most common, followed by The way of finding the cause of a disease (27) Face (26) Cold (24) Weak&Fatigue (12) Phlegm, Jaundice (8) Nose, Worm, Chronic indigestion (7) Mouth&Tongue, Woman, Stool (6) Bodyshape, Liver, Heart, Kidney, Cough (5) Eye, Carbunculosis (4) Blood, Voice, Spleen, Lung, Chest, Fire, Edema, Detoxification (3) in order. (3) In each section(ex. Naekyungpyeon, Oehyeongpyeon and Japbyoungpyeon), the rate of chapter related with observing face color was studied. Naekyungpyeon(73%) was the highest. Japbyoungpyeon(61%). Oehyeongpyeon(38%) was the lowest. Conclusions The importance of each chapter for observing face color in the Dongeuibogam was studied. In addition, the entire ocular inspection, the part ocular inspection, moisture and the difference of skin according to the personal constitution should be considered. There are not only the important parts of the past that does not mean but also the unimportant parts of the past that are meaningful now. Additional studies will be needed for the latter.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.22-39
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to develop a standard tool of pattern identification for chronic cough, which will be applied to clinical research. Methods : The items and structures of the instrument were based on reviews of textbooks and published literature. The advisor committee on this study consisted of 11 Korean respiratory internal medicine professors, one clinical fellow, and five clinicians with 10 years of experience. The questionnaire, which includes the signs and symptoms of chronic cough, was studied by the delphi method. Delphi examination was carried out via email, through evaluating the importance of symptoms included in each pattern. Results : We divided the pattern identification of chronic cough into five patterns: Wind-Cold, Phlegm-Turbidity, Liver-Fire, Lung Deficiency, and Kidney Yang Deficiency. By the Delphi method and a score evaluation, 38 items were chosen for pattern identification of chronic cough. Conclusions : Through this study, we created a Korean instrument for the pattern identification tool for chronic cough. We expect to apply this tool to subsequent research as its validity and reliability are further confirmed.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.137-151
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• 2012

Objectives : provides the basis on steaming processing method (SPM) which was stated in 'Dongeuibogam' and 'Euihakipmun'. Methods : Drugs and prescriptions listed in 'Dongeuibogam' and 'Euihakipmun' were investigated by following criteria; (i) name and prescription of SPM-applied drugs, (ii) protocols on the use of the supporting materials, (iii) kind of supporting materials, (iv) processing period, (v) part of the herb plants, (vi) efficacy of herbal drugs, (vii) tastes of herbal drugs, (viii) meridian tropism of the herbal drugs. Results : 1. The number of herbs was 92 species of from 'Dongeuibogam', 87 from 'Euihakipmun', and the number of prescriptions was 197 from 'Dongeuibogam' and 119 from 'Euihakipmun'. 2. Infiltrating steaming and mixing and steaming procedures were used to process supporting materials. 3. The abundance of supporting materials was in the order of alcohol and ginger juice. 4. A twelve hour-period was most frequently used. 5. The herbal parts used most were in the order of fruit, seed, roots, and stem. 6. According to an efficacy category, a drug supplementing invigoration was used most frequently and a drug eliminating heat followed next. 7. Based on four spirit features, herbs showing warm, cold, and mild features were used most. 8. In considering five tastes, herbs showing sweet and bitter tastes were used most. 9. The herbs supporting the function of liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, and lung were used in SPM. The herbs converging to the kidneys and the liver were conducted most in 'Dongeuibogam' and 'Euihakipmun' respectively. No case for herbal drug converging to 'Samcho' was reported. Conclusions : Our investigation on the use of SPM from 'Dongeuibogam' and 'Euihakipmun' revealed that there are special principles underlying the use of supporting materials, SPM period, parts and efficacy.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권2호통권33호
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• pp.248-265
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• 2006

Impulse of ki refers to palpitation around the navel, it is mostly caused by impairment of yang due to erroneous sweating, deficiency of the spleen yang. Behcet's syndrome caused by prolonged damp-heat and pathogenic germs. Its symptoms are characterized by conjunctival congestion, blue canthus and ulceration of the oral cavity, restlessness all the time, etc. It is advisable to follow the therapeutic principles of clearing away heat and drying damp, detoxicating and sterilizing. Lily disease is one of the emotional disease. It caused by yin deficiency of the heart and lung, found in mental depression or convalescence after a critical disease. Its symptoms are characterized by restlessness, reticence, insomnia, failure to walk, poor appetite, a subjective hot or cold, bitter taste and dark urine. It is advisable to follow the therapeutic principle of nourishing yin to clear away heat. Cholera refers to the disease marked by sudden severe vomiting and diarrhea, and colic of the heart and the abdomen. It is mostly caused by deficiency of the ki in the middle-energizer, emotional stress, etc. It is characterized by such symptoms as sudden severe vomiting and diarrhea, restlessness, etc. It is advisable to follow the therapeutic principles of warming yang and removing toxic substances, and strengthening the spleen and stomach. Heat invasion of blood chamber due to affection of the exterior pathogens, pathogenic heat invading the blood in deficiency and fighting with the blood. Its symptoms are marked by fever, feeling of the fullness, etc. There are deficiency of blood, hot blood and stasis of blood. The different therapeutic treatment should be taken according to different types thereof.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1405-1410
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• 2005

Asthma is recognized today as an inflammatory disease of the lung characterized by acute non-specific airway hypersensitiveness in association with chronic pulmonary inflammation. Gamijihwang-tang(GJT), a fortified prescription of YMJHT, is applied for the treatments of chronic coughing and asthma, and post-delivery coughing and asthma in the gynecology. Also in the clinical practice, GJT is known to be very effective for controlling coughing and asthma as a cold sequoia. In this study, we investigated the effects of GJT on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production, and on the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We found that GJT inhibited LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, GJT inhibited the expression of LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment with GJT of RAW 264.7 cells transfected with a reporter construct indicated a reduced level of LPS-induced nuclear factor-KB (NF-kB) activity and effectively lowered NF-kB binding as measured by transient transfection assay. These results suggest that the main inhibitory mechanism of the GJT may be the reduction of iNOS and COX-2 gene expression through blocking of NF-kB activation.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.222-225
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• 1999

Background and Objectives: Medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) is a rare tumor derived from the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland accounting for 5-10% of all thyroid malignancies. In Korea, there has been a few case report of medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) but their clinical analysis were not exactly studied. So, we made clinical study of 10 patients diagnosed as medullary thyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We reviewed clinical data of 10 patients who were diagnosed as medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC) from April 1973 to August 1998 at National Medical Center. Results: The incidence of MTC was 2.3% of all thyroid cancer and their mean age were 44.2 years old. Preoperative thyroid scan showed cold nodule in all patients and thyroid function test(TFT) was within normal range. Of the 10 patents, only 4 patients had diagnosis of MTC in preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy. All the patients underwent total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection. Two patients with cervical lymph node metastasis underwent total thyroidectomy, central neck dissection and modified neck dissection. Two patients (20%) showed recurrence at the site of neck, lung, mediastinum, bone and liver. Conclusion: Most MTC is sporadic form and have peak incidence in the fifth decade and female preponderance. Preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy is considered to be a clinically useful diagnostic method, but its accuracy is not considered as much high as others. Total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection may be an useful surgical modality in treating medullary thyroid carcinoma.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2000

Thyroid carcinoma is relatively rare in children. Eight cases of thyroid carcinoma were among 18 patients operated upon for thyroid tumors at Pediatric Surgery, Asan Medical Center in 11 years' period between 1989 and 2000. Five patients were boys and three were girls. The age distribution ranged from 10 to 14 years with a median age of 11.6 years. We studied clinical presentations, diagnostic workup, pathology, treatment, and follow-up (recurrence, mortality, and survival). All patients presented with anterior neck mass but one with multiple cervical lymph nodes enlargement. Familial history of thyroid cancer was seen in one case. All patients had a cold nodule by 1-131 thyroid scan. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy was performed in all patients. The right lobe was involved in four patients and the left lobe in two. Two had both lobes involvement. Pathologically, six cases were papillary carcinoma, one was follicular carcinoma, and one insular carcinoma. Four patients underwent unilateral lobectomy and isthmectomy. Total thyroidectomy was performed in three patients. The insular carcinoma case was preoperatively diagnosed as follicular neoplasm by FNA. After confirmation of the pathology by initial right thyroid lobectomy, total thyroidectomy was subsequently done. Cervical lymph node metastases were presented in three cases (37.5%), and lung metastasis in two cases (25%). Three patients received postoperative I-131 ablation. After a median follow-up of 53 months, all patients were alive without evidence of recurrence. In conclusion, thyroid carcinoma in children is frequently associated with lymph nodes involvement and distant metastasis, however, the prognosis is relatively good.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-37
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• 2003

The epistaxis is commonplace and temporary disease in the field of ENT. In most cases, it is a slight illness, but sometimes, it leads to death because of copious bleeding. The first treatment of epistaxis is stoping hemorrhage, but the real state of treatment in oriental medical is not thoroughgoing enough. So we referred to oriental medical journals and sundry records about etiology and remedy of epistaxis, we got this results. 1. The etiology of epistaxis was mostly bleeding due to heat in the blood by dysfunction of Jang and Bu Gi, there were affection wind-cold by exopathogen, spleen heat to liver, excessive fire of lung meridian, stagnated fire-heat of upper Cho, excessive drinking, bruise and so on. 2. The treatment was used much to remove heat from the blood and activating blood, in case of getting no better, it's used to enriching the blood or clear Gi. 3. The internal remedy of epistaxis was the most used 20times SeogakJihwangtang(犀角地黃湯) to remove heat from the blood and activating blood, and used Jihwangtang(地黃湯), Samhwangbohyultang(三黃補血湯), Jiyuksan(止육散), hueksinsan(黑神散), etc. The drugstuffs were the most used 51times Radix Rehmanniae Preparata((生地黃) to clear heat and remove heat from the blood, produce the body fluids, yin, and used Radix Paeoniae Alba(芍樂) and Radix Glycyrrhizae(甘草), Radix Angelicae Gignatis(當歸), Radix Scutellariae(黃岑), Rhizoma Coptidis(黃連) and Fructus Gardeniae(梔子), etc. 4. The external medical treatment of epistaxis was the most used 16times spraying the granular medication into the cavity and attaching Allii Bulbus(大蒜) to center of the sole or binding the middle finger, etc.