• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2017

Anaplastic transformation of differentiated thyroid cancer at distant metastatic sites is extremely rare and has a poor prognosis. It usually occurs in the thyroid gland or cervical lymph nodes. Here we report a case of anaplastic transformation arising at multiple distant metastatic sites including the lung, liver, adrenal gland, bone, and lymph nodes in a patient 3 years after total thyroidectomy for follicular thyroid cancer.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1992

The usefulness of hyperthermia for cancer therapy has been established. The purpose of the present investigation was to access feasibility of heating normal lung and the temperature and power requirement were compared with that for liver as solid organ in rabbits by using radiofrequent heating machine. In this study, 20 rabbits were divided into 2 groups according to the heating site and the method of temperature measurement; in group I : lung heating and temperature measuring in skin, esophagus and lung parenchyme; in group II : liver heating and temperature measuring in skin and liver parenchyme. The results were as follows; 1) When the maximum temperature was almost same in lung heating group and liver heating group, the power for liver heating was lesser required than the power for lung heating (p<0.05). 2) The temperature of esophagus for the measurement of mediastinum temperature was $1.1{\pm}0.9^{\circ}C$ higher than the temperature of lung parenchyme (p<0.05). Therefore the above findings suggest lung, air containing organ, is well heated as same as liver, solid organ. So more active trials of lung heating in the lung cancer must be likely considered. But when the lung is heated, the esophageal temperature is higher than lung parenchyme, so the mediastinum damage must be considered seriously.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Objective This study was designed to define the efficacy of medicinal herbs of Taeeumin in Sasang constitutional medicine. Method We searched and analyzed original text such as Donguisusebowon Sinchuk edition written in 1901, Donguisusebowon Gabo edition written in 1894, Donguisusebowon Sansang Chobongwon, and posthumous manuscripts left by Je-ma Lee published by the Ministry of Health of North Korea. Results Seven herbs such as Ephedrae Herba, Coicis Semen, Castaneae Semen, Fel Ursi, Mori Cortex Radicis, Ginkgonis Semen, and Farfarae Flos regulate the mechanism of Esophagus-Cold (Wiwanhan). Three herbs such as Melonis Pedicellus, Ailanthi Radicis Cortex, and Quisqualis Fructus regulate the mechanism of Cold Lung-Dry (HanpaeJo). Sixteen herbs such as Rhei Rhizoma, Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix, Puerariae Radix, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Moschus, Gleditsiae Spina, Mume Fructus, Aurum, Glycine Semen Germinatum, Ampelopsis Radix, Cornu rhinocerotis, Antelopis Cornu, Bomeolum, Bezoar Bovis, and Typhae Pollen regulate the mechanism of Liver-Heat (Ganyeol). Three herbs such as Chrysanthemi Indici Flos, Nelumbinis Semen, and Spirodelae Herba regulate the mechanism of Heat Lung-Dry (YeolpaeJo). Conclusion Forty four herbs of Taeeumin regulate the mechanisms of Esophagus-Cold (Wiwanhan), Cold Lung-Dry (HanpaeJo), Liver-Heat (Ganyeol), Heat Lung-Dry (YeolpaeJo) and correct the energy-fluid pathology of Taeeumin.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 1996

The surface of albumin microspheres was modified with methotrexate(MTX) by using 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). Surface-modified albumin microspheres entrapping no MTX (SAMS), free MTX (SAMSF) and MTX-bovine serum albumin(BSA) conjugates(SAMSC) were prepared. The organ-targeting ability of free $[^3H]MTX,\;[^3H]MTX-BSA$ conjugate and the above microspheres was evaluated after i.v. administration of the preparations, equivalent to 150 nCi via the tail vein of mice. The total radioactivity in the lung increased immediately in a few minutes after i.v. injection of the microspheres, and then declined for the period of 3-4 weeks. However, the radioactivity in the liver, spleen and kidney increased slowly during the rapid decrease in radioactivity in the lung. This suggested that the microspheres could be entrapped rapidly in the lung through mechanical filtration because of their large size and slowly redistributed to the liver, spleen and kidney due to either the microspheres being degraded enough for the size to allow passage through the capillary beds of the lung and/or the release of $[^3H]MTX\;or\;[^3H]MTX-BSA$ conjugates from the microspheres. The amount of $60{sim}70%$ of the dose was targeted to the liver after the i.v. injection of SAMS, SAMSF and SAMSC, and the values of $(R_e\;^*\;_{e)liver}$ from the microspheres were $5{\sim}7$ compared to free MTX. This suggested that the liver-targeting ability from surface-modified albumin microspheres could be $5{\sim}7$ times as that of free MTX. The liver-targeted drug was accumulated in the Kupffer cells at the initial stage, thereafter the drug in the Kupffer cell was slowly transferred into the hepatocytes. The value of AUQ for liver from SAMS was higher than that from SAMSF, but much lower than that from SAMSC. This suggest that MTX bound to their surface could be eliminated slower than the entrapped free MTX, and faster than the entrapped MTX-BSA conjugates. This is consistent with the in vitro release rates order in the presence of a proteolytic enzyme. Also, surface-modified MTX was scarcely released in the absence of a proteolytic enzyme. Therefore, the surface-modified MTX nay be released (or eliminated) rapidly from SAMSC at the target site, and thereafter MTX may be released (or eliminated) slowly from the entrapped MTX-BSA conjugates in SAMSC for a long period.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 1996

This study was conducted to elucidate the pathogenesis of Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV) by histopathologic examination. The first Korean ADV Isolate, which was isolated from piglets with clinical signs of Aujeszky's disease in Yangsan(YS) county, Kyungnam province, was inoculated into 32 days old piglets with a dose of $10^{5.9}$$TCID_{50}/ml$ through intranasal or intramuscular route. These piglets were sacrificed at intervals of every 24hrs for 8 days. The virulence of YS strain was determined by the observation of clinical signs, gross findings, and histopathologic changes in tissues. The virus recovery test was performed from brain, spleen, lung and tonsil in cell culture. The pathogenesis of YS strain was determined by the observation of histopathologlc lesions in CNS and neuronal tracts. The major clinical signs were fever, anorexia, dyspnea, constipation, tremor, ataxia, circling movement, hindleg paralysis and salivation. The clinical signs were more severe in piglets of the group inoculated intranasally than those of the intramuscularly inoculated gorup. Lymphocytopenia was detected on day 5 to day 6 postinoculation (PI). The ADV was recovered from the tissue homogenates of tonsil, lung, spleen and cerebrum in cell culture. The highest virus titer was detected from tonsil between day 6 and day 7 PI. Reddish sublobar consolidation foci were scattered in the apical and cardiac lobes of lung. Although yellowish necrotic foci were detected in tonsil and liver, hemorrhagic lesions were mainly observed in heart, kidney and lymph nodes. Histopathologically, degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells, nonsuppurative meningoe-ncephalitis, nodular gliosis and perivascular cuffings were observed in CNS. Multifocal fibronecrotic foci were observed in lung, liver, lymph nodes and spleen. The major pathologic changes were detected in the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were mainly observed in epithelia and /or macrophages of tonsil, liver, lung, spleen and submandibular lymph nodes, and neurons of brain, respectively. Observation of viral particles at various stages of replication were possible from the endothelial cells of the alveolar capillaries and tonsillar crypt epithelia by transmission electron microscope.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1999

This study was undertaken to find out the effect of dropwort on histopathological changes of cadmium toxicity in mice. Thirty two mice of BALB/c strain were divided into a control group (A) and three experimental groups (B, C, D). Each group was consisted of four males and four females : group A received tap water and basal diet, group B received tap water and diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg of cadmium, group C received dropwort juice and diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg of cadmium, group D received dropwort juice and basal diet. All mice were dissected on the 35th day. Pathological changes in liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, stomach and muscle were observed. Group D showed no significant change as the control group. But group B showed many cytoplasmic vacuoles and necrosis of hepatocytes, glomerular swelling, and degeneration and necrosis of convoluted tubules in kidney, marked congestion and hemorrhage, and a large number of variably sized alveolar macrophages appearance in lung and swelling in some part of muscle fiber. On the other hand, group C showed a little convalescent changes and maintained their normal architectures in liver, kidney, lung and muscle.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.865-871
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• 2004

This study was designed to examine the effects of diets containing different levels of seeds of Benincasa hispida(wax gourd) on glycogen, protein levels and lipid profiles as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were induced diabetes mellitus by STZ injection (45 mg/kg) into the tail vein and were divided into four groups: normal, STZ-control, and two experimental groups. Normal and STZ-control groups were fed the AIN-93 diet and the two experimental groups were fed a modified diet containing 2.5% and 5.0% of wax gourd seed powder for four weeks. The liver, muscle, lung, kidney, and pancreas were excised after sacrifice, then the glycogen, protein, and lipid peroxidation products were measured. The rats fed 2.5% wax gourd seed group showed higher levels of liver glycogen compared with that of the STZ-control group. The levels of kidney protein were significantly increased in the 2.5% and 5.0% wax gourd seed groups. There were no significant difference cholesterol and liver triglyceride levels of the liver and MDA concentration in the liver, lung, and kidney among all four groups. These results show that wax gourd seed treatment of 2.5% and 5.0% doses did not exhibit profound anti-lipid peroxidation properities.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2002

In order to study the relationships between trace element concentrations of hair and internal organs, autopsy samples of hair, liver, kidney cortex, kidney medulla, heart, lung, spleen, cerebrum, testis and bone from 162 Korean subjects were analyzed for Cd, Hg, Pb and Zn by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. High significant positive correlations were found between the Cd concentration in hair and bone and Pb in hair and lung. Hair Hg levels were highly significantly correlated with organ Hg levels in the liver, kidney cortex, kidney medulla, heart, lung, spleen, cerebrum, testis and bone. And hair Zn levels were highly significantly correlated with organ Zn levels in the kidney cortex, kidney medulla, spleen, testis and bone.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.47-53
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of the fruit extract of Lycium chinense Mill(Lycii Fructus, LF) on multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups; normal, STZ-control, Lycii Fructus extractorally administrated 300 ㎎/㎏ group (STZ-LF). Diabetes was induced in rats by consecutive injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at doses of 30 ㎎/㎏ for 5 days. After 4 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, Fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG) and HDL-Cholesterol were measured in sera of rats. Histopathological changes of pancreas, kidney, liver and lung tissues were observed by microscope after H&E, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining. The changes of body weight, blood glucose, and food and water intake were also measured.Results : There were no differences in body, food intake and water intake in LF-administrated groups compared with STZ control group. However, LF extract significantly decreased the levels of serum glucose, CHO, TG and HDL-Cholesterol in diabetic rats. In histopathological analysis of kidney, liver and lung, LF-administrated groups showed the inhibition of morphological damage.Conclusions : These results suggest that LF have a biological action on multi low-dose STZ-induced diabetes in rats via decreasing the serum glucose, TG and TG levels and may protect the morphological changes of kidney, liver and lung.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Objective This study was aimed to research how the recognition of Taeeumin's Mongsul disease was changed from the Gabo edition to the Sinchuk edition of Donguisusebowon, and to present reasonable explanation to the prescription suggested in the Sinchuk edition. Method The original text about Taeeumin Mongsul disease and corresponding prescription in Donguisusebowon Sinchuk edition written in 1901 and Donguisusebowon Gabo edition written in 1894 were compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the literature and articles which are relevant to the prescription and the difference of pathology between the Gabo edition and the Sinchuk edition of Donguisusebowon were searched. Results & Conclusion Sinchuk editon compared to Gabo edition differentiates prescriptions according to the condition of stool, which means that Mongsul disease can occur both in Lung-dryness of Esophagus-Cold pathology and that of Liver-Heat pathology. The prescriptions presented in Sinchuk edition are more specified and in agreement with pathology newly proposed in Sinchuk edition than the prescriptions in Gabo edition. Although Cheongsimyeonja-tang is not mentioned on the original text about Taeeumin Mongsul disease in Sinchuk edition, it can be prescribed for the disease with Lung-dryness of Liver-Heat pathology as Yuldahanso-tang can be. However, Yuldahanso-tang focuses more on Liver-Heat symptoms, while Cheongsimyeonja-tang focuses more on Lung-dryness.