• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권2호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2022

Lumped damage mechanics (LDM) is a recent nonlinear theory with several applications to civil engineering structures, such as reinforced concrete and steel buildings. LDM apply key concepts of classic fracture and damage mechanics on plastic hinges. Therefore, the lumped damage models are quite successful in reproduce actual structural behaviour using concepts well-known by engineers in practice, such as ultimate moment and first cracking moment of reinforced concrete elements. So far, lumped damage models are based in the strain energy equivalence hypothesis, which is one of the fictitious states where the intact material behaviour depends on a damage variable. However, there are other possibilities, such as the energy equivalence hypothesis. Such possibilities should be explored, in order to pursue unique advantages as well as extend the LDM framework. Therewith, a lumped damage model based on the energy equivalence hypothesis is proposed in this paper. The proposed model was idealised for reinforced concrete structures, where a damage variable accounts for concrete cracking and the plastic rotation represents reinforcement yielding. The obtained results show that the proposed model is quite accurate compared to experimental responses.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2023

This paper proposes a disturbance observer-based control for 6-DOF remotely operated underwater vehicles with model uncertainties. The sum of external disturbance and the forces generated from model parameters except for the inertial matrix of the hydrodynamic model is defined as a lumped disturbance in this paper. Then, the lumped disturbance caused by model uncertainties and the external forces is estimated using the disturbance observer. Fortunately, the disturbance observer is constructed as a linear form because all the elements of the inertial matrix of the hydrodynamic model are constants. To verify the proposed control scheme, we show that the actual lumped disturbance is similar to the estimated lumped disturbance obtained by the disturbance observer. Finally, the position tracking performance in the disturbance environment is confirmed through the comparative study with a traditional inverse dynamics PD controller.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

구조물의 내진설계 또는 내진성능평가를 위해서는 구조물의 축소모형을 이용한 실험적 분석이나 유한요소모델을 기반으로 한 수치적 방법이 고려된다. 수치적 방법을 위해서는 정교한 모델링이 요구될 경우 3차원 유한요소해석을 실시하나 민감도 분석이나 지진 취약도 분석과 같은 방대한 지진데이터를 이용한 평가에서는 집중질량모델이 선호된다. 하지만 기존의 집중질량모델은 일반적으로 구조물의 기하학적 형상을 고려하여 집중질량을 산출하는 방식인데, 이 경우 제공되는 고유치는 실구조물의 고유치와 일치하지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하고 실구조물과 유사한 동적 거동을 발현하는 새로운 형식의 주파수 순응형 집중질량모델을 제안하였다. 제안된 모델은 실구조물의 고유치와 고유 벡터, 모드 형상 등을 고려하여 생성하며, 모델의 성능을 검증하기 위해 비균일 단면을 갖는 기둥에 대해 동적해석을 수행하였다. 또한 감쇠비에 따른 동적성능을 분석하기 위해 1%에서 5%까지의 Rayleigh Damping 적용하여 그 결과를 유한요소모델 결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2001

반무한 호소의 동적 모델링을 위한 역학적 집중변수모델을 제안하였다. 깊이가 일정한 2차원 반무한 호소의 전달경계의 정해를 구하였다. 정해의 거동특성을 주파수 영역과 시간 영역에서 조사하였다. 고유진동수와 합성곱 적분의 핵함수인 베셀 함수의 모양 등과 같은 해의 주요 특성이 변하지 않도록 질량, 감쇠기, 스프링 계수를 구한다. 최종 집중 변수 모델은 각각의 고유값에 대해 2개의 질량, 1개의 스프링, 2개의 감쇠기로 구성된다. 적용 예제를 통하여 새로운 집중변수모델이 댐-호소계의 시간 영역 해석에 효율적으로 사용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2011

With the world-wide demand on the emission minimization, the needs on the diesel aftertreatment devices with high efficiency are also increasing. In order to effectively develop or design a high-performance diesel particulate filter, a clear understanding on the deposition and regeneration mechanism is required. In the present study, a theory on the lumped parameter model for wall-flow type diesel particulate filters is described focusing on the deposition efficiency, pressure drop inside the filter. The fourth order explicit Runge-Kutta method is utilized for the mass flow rate computation. Engine operation modes with controlled and uncontrolled regeneration options are selected. The computational lumped parameter model is validated by comparing the computed results with the measured data.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2003

Hydraulic mounts show strong1y frequency-dependent stiffness and damping characteristics in low frequency range, which result from so called inertia track dynamics. A lumped mass has been incorporated in several mechanical models of the literature to take the inertia effect of the fluid in the track into consideration. Although complex s%illness by the mechanical model showed good agreements with the measured values, there exists a critical pitfall. In this paper, the shortcomings of mechanical models with lumped mass for hydraulic founts are clearly identified by illustrating actual measurements of the stiffness parameters for a hydraulic mount. It is conclusively discussed that the inertia effect of the fluid flow through the circular track is significant but latent. As an alternative to the mechanical model, a hydraulic model is claimed to be used for further dynamic analysis of engine/mount system or whole car system.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.696-699
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• 2004

Generally, the time history analysis among seismic response analyses of a structure needs more times than static analysis. Therefore the mechanical model of a structure has been used as a simple lumped parameter model in time history analysis. For the most cases, the simple mechanical model shows the similar results to that of detailed finite element model. so it is reasonable to use the simple mode] in preliminary analysis. In seismic design of liquid storage tank, such as LNG storage tank, the lumped parameter mode] also is being used in preliminary analysis, however sometimes shows the differences to the results of detailed finite element model. Therefore in this study, the dynamic characteristics between lumped parameter model and detailed finite model is compared for the variables such as height/diameter of liquid-storage tank and thickness of wall, then the applicability of beam mode] to the seismic response analysis are evaluated for some liquid storage tanks.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2003

선천적 혹은 후천적인 이유로 인하여 인체 특정 부위의 정맥과 동맥이 서로 관통하여 동맥계의 혈류가 말초 혈관계를 우회하여 정맥계로 흐르게 되는 동정맥루는 인체 심혈관계의 혈류 역학적 거동에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구에서는 lumped parameter 모델을 기반으로 하는 수치 해석 방법을 사용하여 우측 하지에 위치한 급성 동정맥루가 전체 심혈관계에 미치는 영향을 해석적으로 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 동정맥루가 포함된 인체 심혈관계를 전기 회로 상사계로 구성하였으며. 부위별 혈압과 관련된 상미분 연립 방정식을 4차의 Runge-Kutta방법으로 풀어서 시간에 따른 혈류 역학적 변수들을 구하였다 이때 급성 동정맥루의 생성에 따른 혈류 역학적 보상작용을 분석하기 위하여 arterial baroreflex 제어계를 모델에 포함하였다.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1999년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring
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• pp.267-274
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• 1999

Since the seismic response of dams can be strongly influenced by the dam-reservior interaction in needs to be taken into account in the seismic design of dams. In general a substructure method is employed to solve the dam-reservoir interaction problem in which the dam body is modeled with finite elements and the infinite region of a reservoir using a transmitting boundary. When the water is modeled as a compressible fluid the equation is formulated in frequency domain. But nonlinear behavior of dam body cannot be studied easily in the frequency domain method. In this study time domain formulation of the dam-reservoir-soil interaction is proposed based onthe lumped parameter modeling of the reservoir region, The frequency dependent dynamic-stiffness coefficients of the reservoir are converted into frequency independent lumped-parameters such as masses dampers and springs. The soil-structure interactionis modeled using lumped parameters in similar way. the ground is assumed as a visco-elastic stratum on the rigid bedrock. The dynamic stiffnesses of the rigid surface foundation are calculated using the hyperelement method and are converted into lumped parameters. The application example demonstrated that the lumped parameter model gives almost identical results with the frequency domain formulation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.942-949
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• 2006

A lumped model is proposed to predict liquid ejection characteristics of a thermally driven inkjet print head. The model is based on a two-dimensional heat conduction equation, an empirical pressure-temperature equation and a nonlinear hydraulic flow-pressure equation. It has been simulated through the construction of an equivalent R-C circuit, and subsequently analyzed using SIMULINK and a circuit simulation tool, PLECS. Using the model, heating and cooling characteristics of the head are predicted to be in agreement with the IR temperature measurements. The effects of the head geometry on the drop ejection are also analyzed using the nonlinear hydraulic model. The present model can be used as a design tool for a better design of thermal inkjet print heads.