• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between pterygoid plate asymmetry and temporomandibular joint disorders. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 60 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) involving pain were analyzed and compared with images of 60 age-and gender-matched controls. Three observers performed linear measurements of the lateral pterygoid plates. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between measurements of the lateral pterygoid plates on the site that had pain and the contralateral site (p<0.05). The average length of the lateral pterygoid plates (LPPs) in patients with TMD was $17.01{\pm}3.64mm$ on the right side and $16.21{\pm}3.51mm$ on the left side, and in patients without TMD, it was $11.86{\pm}1.97mm$ on the right side and $11.98{\pm}1.85mm$ on the left side. Statistically significant differences in the LPP length, measured on CBCT, were found between patients with and without TMD (p<0.05). The inter-examiner reliability obtained in this study was very high for all the examiners (0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.98-0.99). Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, CBCT lateral pterygoid plate measurements at the side with TMD were found to be significantly different from those on the side without TMD. More research is needed to explore potential etiological correlations and implications for treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.157-159
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• 2014

In this paper, we introduce SlimSRP, an ultra-low-power digital signal processor (DSP) solution for mobile audio and voice applications. So far, application processors (APs) have taken charge of all the tasks in mobile devices. However, they have suffered from short battery life problems to deal with complex usage scenarios, such as always-on voice trigger with continuous audio playback. From extensive analysis of audio and voice application characteristics, SlimSRP is designed to relive the performance and power burden of APs. It employs three-issue VLIW architecture, and the major low-power and high-performance techniques include: (1) an optimized register-file architecture friendly for constants generation, (2) a powerful instruction set to reduce the number of register file accesses and (3) a unique instruction compression scheme that contributes to saved memory size and reduced cache miss. An implementation of SlimSRP runs at up to 200MHz and the logic occupies 95K NAND2 gates in Samsung 28LPP process. The experimental results demonstrate that a MP3 decoder application with a 128kbps 44.1kHz input can run at 5.1MHz and the logic consumes only 22uW/MHz.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.122-130
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mixed starter cultures isolated from kimchi on physicochemical properties, functionality and flavors of fermented ham. Physicochemical properties, microbial counts, shear force, cholesterol contents and volatile compounds of fermented ham were investigated during processing (curing and ripening time). Curing process for 7 d increased saltiness, however, decreased hunter color values (L, a, and b values). Ripening process for 21 d increased most parameters, such as saltiness, color values, weight loss, shear force and cholesterol content due to the drying process. The mixed starter culture had higher lactic acid bacteria than the commercial one. While eight volatile compounds were identified from fermented hams during curing process, total fiftyeight volatile compounds were identified from fermented hams during ripening process. The main volatile compounds were alcohols, esters and furans. However, no differences in volatile compounds were observed between two batches. Fermented hams (batch B) manufactured with probiotic starter culture (LPP) had higher sensory score in texture, color and overall acceptability than counterparts (batch A), while the opposite trend was observed in flavor. Therefore, mixed probiotic starter culture isolated from kimchi might be used as a starter culture to be able to replace with commercial starter culture (LK-30 plus) for the manufacture of fermented ham.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.883-898
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• 2019

This paper employs computational tools to predict power increase (or speed loss) and propulsion performances in waves of KVLCC2. Two-phase unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations have been solved using finite volume method; and a realizable k-ε model has been applied for the turbulent closure. The free-surface is obtained by solving a VOF equation. Sliding mesh method is applied to simulate the flow around an operating propeller. Towing and self-propulsion computations in calm water are carried out to obtain the towing force, propeller rotating speed, thrust and torque at the self-propulsion point. Towing computations in waves are performed to obtain the added resistance. The regular short head waves of λ/LPP = 0.6 with 4 wave steepness of H/λ = 0.007, 0.017, 0.023 and 0.033 are taken into account. Four methods to predict speed-power relationship in waves are discussed; Taylor expansion, direct powering, load variation, resistance and thrust identity methods. In the load variation method, the revised ITTC-78 method based on the 'thrust identity' is utilized to predict propulsive performances in full scale. The propulsion performances in waves including propeller rotating speed, thrust, torque, thrust deduction and wake fraction, propeller advance coefficient, hull, propeller open water, relative rotative and propulsive efficiencies, and delivered power are investigated.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.5
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• pp.725-732
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• 2002

Presented is a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for dynamic partitioning an ATM LANE(LAN Emulation) network. LANE proves to be one of the best solutions to provide guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) for mid-size campus or enterprise networks with minor modification of legacy LAN facilities. However, there are few researches on the efficient LANE network operations to deal with scalability issues arising from broadcast traffic delivery. To cope with this scalability issue, proposed is a decision model named LANE Partitioning Problem (LPP) which aims at partitioning the entire LANE network into multiple Emulated LANs (ELANS), each of which works as an independent virtual LAN.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.208-218
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• 2023

Photocatalysts are advanced materials which accelerate the photoreaction by providing ordinary reactions with other pathways. The catalysts have various advantages, such as low-cost, low operating temperature and pressure, and long-term use. They are applied to environmental and energy field, including the air and water purification, water splitting for hydrogen production, sterilization and self-cleaning surfaces. However, commercial photocatalysts only absorb ultraviolet light between 100 and 400 nm of wavelength which comprises only 5% in sunlight due to the wide band gap. In addition, rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs reduces the photocatalytic performance. Recently, studies on blackening photocatalysts by laser, thermal, and plasma treatments have been conducted to enhance the absorption of visible light and photocatalytic activity. The disordered structures could yield mid-gap states and vacancies could cause charge carrier trapping. Herein, liquid phase plasma (LPP) is adopted to synthesize Ag-doped black ZnO for the utilization of visible-light. The physical and chemical characteristics of the synthesized photocatalysts are analyzed by SEM/EDS, XRD, XPS and the optical properties of them are investigated using UV/Vis DRS and PL analyses. Lastly, the photocatalytic activity was evaluated using methylene blue as a pollutant.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.421-421
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• 2006

The light and energy-efficiency of classical liquid crystal displays is notoriously poor due to the use of absorption-based linear polarisers and colour filters. For instance, the light efficiency of PVAL polarisers is typically between 40 and 45 % and the colour filters have a typical efficiency below 35 % which results in a total light and energy-efficiency of the display below 10 %. In the past, a variety of polarizers were developed with an enhanced efficiency in generating linearly polarized light. Typically, these polarizers are based on the polarisationselective reflection, scattering or refraction of light i.e. one polarisation direction of light is directly transmitted to the LCD/viewer and the other polarization direction of light is depolarised and recycled which results in a typical efficiency for generating linearly polarized light of 70-85 %. Also, special colour filters have been proposed based on chiral-nematic reactive mesogens which increase the efficiency of generating colour. Despite the enormous progress in this field, a need persists for improved methods for generating polarized light and colour based on low cost optical components with a high efficiency. Here, the use of holographic phase gratings is reported for the generation of polarized light and colour. The phase grating are recorded in a photopolymer which is coated onto a backor frontlight for LCDs. Typically the recording is performed in the transmisson mode or in the waveguiding mode and slanted phase gratings are generated with their refractive index modulation at an angle between 20o and 45o with the normal of the substrate. It is shown that phase gratings with a high refractive index modulation and a high efficiency can be generated by a proper selection of the photopolymer and illumination conditions. These phase gratings coupleout linearly polarized light with a high contrast (> 100) and the light is directed directly to the LCD/viewer without the need for redirection foils. Dependent on the type of phase grating, the different colours are coupled-out at a slightly different angle which potentially increases the efficiency of classical colour filters. Moreover, the phase gratings are completely transparent in direct view which opens the possibility to use them in frontlights for LCDs. Holographic polarization gratings posses a periodic pattern in the polarization state of light (and not in the intensity of light). A periodic pattern in the polarization direction of linearly polarized light is obtained upon interference of two circularly polarized laser beams. In the second part of the lecture, it is shown that these periodic polarization patterns can be recorded in a linear photo-polymerizable polymer (LPP) and that such an alignment layer induces a period rotation in the director of (reactive and non-reactive) liquid crystals. By a proper design, optical components can be produced with only first order diffraction and with a very high efficiency (>0.98). It is shown that these diffraction gratings are potentially useful in projection displays with a high brightness and energy efficiency

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2023

This study aims to establish the multi-reservoir operation system model in the Upper Mun River Basin which includes 5 main dams namely, Mun Bon (MB), Lamchae (LC), Lam Takhong (LTK), Lam Phraphoeng (LPP), and Lower Lam Chiengkrai (LLCK) Dams. The knowledge and AI technology were applied aiming to develop innovative prototype for SMART dam-reservoir operation in future. Two different sorts of reservoir operation system model namely, Fuzzy Logic (FL) and Constraint Programming (CP) as well as the development of rainfall and reservoir inflow prediction models using Machine Learning (ML) technique were made to help specify the right amount of daily reservoir releases for the Royal Irrigation Department (RID). The model could also provide the essential information particularly for the Office of National Water Resource of Thailand (ONWR) to determine the short-term and long-term water resource management plan and strengthen water security against flood and drought in this region. The simulated results of base case scenario for reservoir operation in the Upper Mun from 2008 to 2021 indicated that in the same circumstances, FL and CP models could specify the new release schemes to increase the reservoir water storages at the beginning of dry season of approximately 125.25 and 142.20 MCM per year. This means that supplying the agricultural water to farmers in dry season could be well managed. In other words, water scarcity problem could substantially be moderated at some extent in case of incapability to control the expansion of cultivated area size properly. Moreover, using AI technology to determine the new reservoir release schemes plays important role in reducing the actual volume of water shortfall in the basin although the drought situation at LTK and LLCK Dams were still existed in some periods of time. Meanwhile, considering the predicted inflow and hydrologic factors downstream of 5 main dams by FL model and minimizing the flood volume by CP model could ensure that flood risk was considerably minimized as a result of new release schemes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 1997

This paper presents the optimum dimension of 89 ton class stow-net vessel with stern-fishing. The model of basic design is developed by using the optimization techniques referring to objective function and numerous constraints as follows; speed, fishing quantity, fishing days, catch per unit effort(CPUE), and weight/ratio of main dimensions, etc. Thus, the basic design of stow-net fishing vessel is built up by using the optimization of the design variables called the economic optimization criteria, and the objective function represents the criterion which is cost benefit ratio(CBR). The main conclusions are as follows. 1. S/W for decision of optimum hull size is developed in 89 ton class stow-net fishing vessel which is constructed with optimization of the design variables called the economic optimization criteria. 2. For optimum ship dimensions in 89 ton class stow-net fishing vessel, the hull dimensions can be obtained in the range of L= 27.3m, B = 6.6m, D = 2.80m, Cb = 0.695, T/D = 0.80, $\Delta$(displacement)=281.7ton with 10 knots.