• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of sensorimotor function at the shoulder joint according to long-term cane usage in stroke patients without apraxic behavior, in terms of the presence of shoulder joint pain, accuracy of tracking task, proprioceptive joint position sense, and nine-hole pegboard. Methods: Nineteen stroke patients with long-term cane usage (cane usage group) and nineteen stroke patients without cane usage (non-cane usage group) were recruited. All subjects were tested in pain presence, a tracking task for visuomotor function, joint reposition, and nine-hole pegboard in the shoulder joint regarding the non-affected side. Results: In the accuracy index for tracking task and the nine-hole pegboard test, significant differences were observed between the cane usage group and the non-cane usage group. However, although a higher emergence of shoulder pain and a lower accuracy for joint reposition sense were detected in the cane usage group in comparison to the non-cane usage group, there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that long-term cane usage could induce to decrease in delicate movement and coordination in the non-affected upper arm in stroke patients. In addition, they could experience high frequency of shoulder pain and poor joint reposition sense. Therefore, careful evaluation and observation will be required concerning stroke patients with long-term cane usage.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2016

Objective: This purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between dimensionless leg stiffness and kinetic variables during gait performance, and its modulation with body weight. Method: The study sample consisted of 10 young women divided into 2 groups (Control, n=5 and Obese, n=5). Four camcorders (HDR-HC7/HDV 1080i, Sony Corp, Japan) and one force plate (AMTI., USA) were used to analyze the vertical ground reaction force (GRF) variables, center of pressure (COP), low limb joint angle, position of pelvis center and leg lengths during the stance phase of the gait cycle. Results: Our results revealed that the center of mass (COM) displacement velocity along the y-axis was significantly higher in the obese group than that in control subjects. Displacement in the position of the center of the pelvis center (Z-axis) was also significantly higher in the obese group than that in control subjects. In addition, the peak vertical force (PVF) and dimensionless leg stiffness were also significantly higher in the obese group. However, when normalized to the body weight, the PVF did not show a significant between-group difference. When normalized to the leg length, the PVF and stiffness were both lower in the obese group than in control subjects. Conclusion: In the context of performance, we concluded that increased dimensionless leg stiffness during the gait cycle is associated with increased velocity of COM, PVF, and the change in leg lengths (%).

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the kinematic variables and electromyography (EMG) findings that change with varying characteristics of crouch start and feedback provision, and to provide the fundamental data for record improvement in 400 mH. Method: Four short-distance runners participated in the experiment. The analyzed variables were elapsed time per interval, stride length, and muscle activities in three lower limb muscles. These variables were analyzed by using Kwon3d XP and Noraxon Myoresearch. The participants were subjected to three conditions, including two conditions that relate to the thrusting foot on the rear block and another condition pertinent to feedback provision. Results: In terms of a one-step interval, the elapsed time in condition A was longer than that in condition B, and the one after the feedback was the longest. The stride length of a one-step interval was the longest in condition A. The stride length of a two-step interval was the shortest in condition A. The muscle activity during a one-step interval showed differences in vastus medialis and medial gastrocnemius, with condition A being the highest. Conclusion: When the non-dominant left foot was located at the back, negative results were observed in terms of elapsed time and stride length. Moreover, an imbalance in muscle activity was observed between the left and right feet when the left foot was placed at the back. As a result, significant differences in elapsed time, stride length, and muscle activity were observed depending on the foot placed on the rear block. In conclusion, we identified the characteristics of crouch start in 400 mH, and a specialized program must be suggested.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of stride time and stride length provided by a commercial APDM inertial sensor system (APDM) with the results of three dimensional motion capture system (3D motion) during treadmill walking. Method: Five healthy men participated in this experiment. All subjects walked on the treadmill for 3 minutes at their preferred walking speed. The 3D motion and the APDM were simultaneously used for extracting gait variables such as stride time and stride length. Mean difference and root mean squared (RMS) difference were used to compare the measured gait variables from the two measurement devices. The regression equation derived from the range of motion of the lower limb was also applied to correct the error of stride length. Results: The stride time extracted from the APDM was almost the same as that from the 3D motion (the mean difference and RMS difference were less than 0.0001 sec and 0.0085 sec, respectively). For stride length, mean difference and RMS difference were less than 0.1141 m and 0.1254 m, respectively. However, after correction of the stride length error using the derived regression equation, the mean difference and the RMS difference decreased to 0.0134 m and 0.0556 m or less, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed the possibility of using the temporal variables provided from the APDM during treadmill walking. By applying the regression equation derived only from the range of motion provided by the APDM, the error of the spatial variable could be reduced. Although further studies are needed with additional subjects and various walking speeds, these results may provide the basic data necessary for using APDM in treadmill walking.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.371-378
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review the effects of acupuncture on lower limb spasticity control in stroke patients. Methods: H-reflex/M-response ratio and Modified Ashworth Scale was used for evaluation of spasticity control before acupuncture, within one hours after acupuncture , at twenty-four hours, and four weeks. We divided two groups. One is the yin meridian acupunctured goup and the other is the yang meridian acupunctured group. Results: H/M ratio is declined within 1 or 24 hours after acupuncture for poststroke spasticity patients. The yin meridian acupunctured group is a bit more efficient than the yang meridian acupunctured goup. But there is no meaning in the statistics because of small patient pool. Conclusions: We need more patients group to decide the effect of electro- acupuncture on leg spasticity of stroke patients.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.904-913
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• 2018

Rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome that evokes either myopathy or cola-colored urine with elevated creatine kinase and myoglobin levels. The most common complication of rhabdomyolysis is acute renal failure (ARF). A large quantity of fluid must be injected promptly the first time symptoms appear, whereas sequela of symptoms has remained in the long run. In this report, a 58-year-woman was diagnosed with ARF due to rhabdomyolysis induced by exercise, alcohol, and medication. A treatment of acupuncture and herbal medicines was carried out for over 2 months. To evaluate the condition of the patient's lower limb, a short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), and Manual Muscle Test (MMT) points were used. As a result, clinical symptoms and quality of life improved noticeably after treatment with Korean medicine. This suggests that Korean medicine has an effect on rhabdomyolysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2018

PURPOSE: Femur and tibia alignment in the knee joint is important to the biomechanics of lower limb movement. The purpose of this study was to compare vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis electromyographic muscle activities according to tibial rotation taping methods. METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy subjects (13 males and 16 females) in the 20s, without knee joint-related diseases or disorders, participated in our study. After identifying each subject's dominant foot, the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was determined using a manual muscle tester. The activity of each target muscle was measured at 50% MVIC in isometric muscle contraction and at a $30^{\circ}$ knee flexion position before and after applying internal and external rotation taping by the Mulligan concept and in the neutral position. Non-elastic tape was used to stabilize the tibia rotation position. RESULTS: In the males, VMO muscle activity was significantly increased in the tibia internal rotation position ($47.2{\pm}14.6$, $mean{\pm}SD$) than in the neutral position ($39.3{\pm}14.9$) (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that when applying tibia internal rotation taping in healthy males, VMO muscle activity significantly increases during isometric extension of the knee. Therefore, this study provides a basis for selecting the appropriate taping method, in consideration of the available treatments in clinical practice for patients with knee problems.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.126-131
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• 2013

This case report described a single case of adult stoke patient due to Moyamoya disease through long-term follow-up observation, which included his demographics, brain images, and change of motor function and functional activities. The subject was the 54-year-old male diagnosed with left hemiparesis from a stroke due to multifocal encephalomalacia in both hemispheres. At the time of the stroke attack, he took brain surgery intervention including external ventricular drain. Physical and occupational therapy for stroke rehabilitation were admitted including muscle strengthening exercises, functional activity/ADL training, neurofacilitative techniques with bobath or proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation concepts, and compensatory strategy. Patient's MRI showed that right frontal lobe, right peri-ventricular area, left parietal, and left occipital lobes were damaged, and MRA showed that abnormal collateral vessel was richly developed in both hemispheres by occlusion of proximal internal carotid arteries in both sides. His motor strength was improved from poor to good grade in all of upper and lower limb motions, that MBC was improved from stage 1 to stage 5. In FAC and barthel index, at the initial evaluation, he could not perform any functional movement, but his FAC and barthel index were on 3 and 14 points at present, respectively. During long-term follow-up for approximately 4 years, the subject's functional motor ability was improved, as similar with recovery progression of usual stroke patient. We believe that this single case report will provide clinical information and concern regarding Moyamoya disease with physical therapist, in terms of such as epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic procedures, clinical features, recovery process, and prognosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to measure and evaluate radiation dose on patients in interventional radiological(IVR) procedures classified by each procedure, and aid as data for safety management. Fluroscopy time(F-time), dose area product(DAP) and number of acquired images from each kind of procedure was checked. Non-vascular procedures showed low value, and vascular procedure showed high value in all procedures except in IVC filter. F-time was longest in EVAR, which showed also the highest DAP value of all procedures. DAP-rate showed high value in TACE. By this result, we attempt to establish standard guideline of radiation dose on patients in IVR procedure.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the involved lower limb weight bearing training on symmetrical weight supporting rate improvement and gait characteristics of patients with hemiplegia including their gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step length of the non affected side, step length of the affected side, foot angle of the non affected side, foot angle of the affected side, base of support, and so on. The subject of the study was 28 men and women patients with hemiplegia from 22 to 77 age, among patients who doctor diagnosed as hemiplegia due to stroke or traumatic brain injury, were possible to do independent gait more than 45m without others assistance, the flexion contracture of hip pint was less than $15^{\circ}$, did not have contracture for knee pint and one more than $5^{\circ}$ for ankle joint, did not have contraindication for exercise or gait did not show visual defect due to brain injury. The patients, the subject of the study, were classified into 14 patients of treatment. group applying continuous involved weight bearing with general therapeutic exercise and 14 patients of control group applying general therapeutic exercise, and then analyzed their gait before and after exercise. Temporal distance gait analysis(Boening, 1977) was used to analyze their gait, and ink foot-print was applied as one of measurement methods. However, it was statistically signifiant in the change rate(%) of gait characteristics, and treatment group's patients with hemiplegia had been highly changed in gait characteristics in comparison with control group. From the above-mentioned results, could find that continuous involved weight bearing training for patients with hemiplegia was effective to improve their gait ability and it could increase the ability in comparison with general exercise.