• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.171-178
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• 1990

Potential teratogenicity of Azinphos-methyl and Carbaryl was investigated in developing chick embryos. $100\;\mu\textrm{l}$ of Azinphos-methyl and Carbaryl was injected into air sac on day 4 of incubation. Body weight changes and morphological changes were examined. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Body length, limb lengths and claw length of groups treated with high dose of Azinphosmethyl and Carbaryl were significantly shortened compared to untreated of vehicle control and body weights of them were significantly lower than those of control groups. 2. Treatment of Azinphos-methyl and Carbaryl increased incidence ratios of dead embryo by dosage (Azinphos-methyl: 18%, 21%, 41%, Carbaryl: 26%, 50%). 3. One case of beak malformation occurred in Carbaryl treatment group.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.832-839
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• 2007

In this study, a new bicycle system was developed to improve muscular strength using the Magneto-Rheological(MR) rotary brake. The friction load of the MR rotary brake is adjusted according to muscle strength of the subjects. The characteristic of muscular strength was studied with various friction loads of MR rotary brake. The friction load was occurred with the current, applied to the MR. rotary brake. Experiments was composed of several cycling trials for various friction loads. In training programs involving muscle improvement, it is necessary to confirm muscle activity and fatigue. To measure the muscle activity and fatigue, EMG signals of rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), tensor fasciae latae (TFL), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VAS), gastrocnemius (GAS), tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles were collected with surface electromyography and analyzed into time and frequency domain. The experimental results showed that the muscle activity according to the applied current to the MR rotary brake was significantly different. The more the current was applied, the higher value of the integrated EMG (IEMG) was obtained. Especially, the magnitude of IEMG of the RF, BF, TFL and VL varied in direct proportion to the current. However, there was not significant in the median frequency as the cycling time continue.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.34-42
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• 2008

This study aimed to examine whether McConnell taping for deltoid inhibition affects the Electromyographic (EMG) activity of shoulder girdle muscles during arm elevation. Ten young healthy men were randomly assigned to an experimental and control groups of five men each. For the experimental group, we performed taping for deltoid inhibition on the skin over anterior and posterior deltoids with non-elastic specific tape, and sham-taping with non-elastic under-tape for the control group. Surface EMG measurements were performed three times (before, during and after the tapings) at upper and lower trapezius, mid-deltoid, and serratus anterior muscles while elevating dominant aim with loading and unloading conditions. In deltoid inhibition taping group, there were significant differences in EMG activity of mid-deltoid (p<.05) and serratus anterior (p<.05) muscles during arm elevation with loading. During arm elevation without loading, the EMG activity was significantly decreased for MD in the McConnell taping group (p<.05). The findings indicate that deltoid inhibition taping can modify the activation patterns in shoulder girdle muscles as well as in deltoid muscle. in clinical setting. it may be effectively used for the management of patients with shoulder dysfunction.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.280-285
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• 2002

Pruritus is [CHECK DEFN] itchy feeling of one's skin. We often face stroke patients who complain about Pruritus. They occasionally fail to fall asleep or have a secondary infection as a result of scratching. For these reasons, severe Pruritus brings down general condition and interferes with recovery. The causes of Pruritus are distributed to from skin diseases and from internal diseases. Especially among the skin diseases, Xerotic Eczema, which is called Senile Eczema causes the dry skin in the elderly, especially lower limb's extensor part. According to the epidemiology, 20% of the old have Xerotic Eczema. In oriental medicine, Pruritus is called Pungsoyang(風瘙痒), Pungyang(風痒), Yangpung(痒風), Sinyang(身痒). The cause of Pruritus is divided into two. One is endogenous factors and the other is exogenous factors. The former are deficiency of blood(血虛), blood fever(血熱), wind-heat due to internal damage(內傷風熱), damp-heat in the liver and gallbladder(肝膽濕熱), endogenous wind stirring in the liver(肝風內動), deticiency syndrome of the spleen(脾虛), deficiency of Yin of the liver and kidneys(肝腎陰虛) and deficiency of the Penetration and Conception Vessels(衝任不足). The latter are wind-cold due to exogenous affection(外感風寒) and wind-heat due to exogenous affection(外感風寒). We report two stroke patients who complained of severe Pruritus They were diagnosed as having Xerotic Eczema by a dermatologist. We regarded their Pruritus as blood fever(血熱) and wind-heat(風熱) and prescribed Sopung-San to these patients. These patients showed significant improvement.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.709-715
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• 2014

Background The distally based sural artery flap is a reliable, local reconstructive option for small soft tissue defects of the distal third of the leg. The purpose of this study is to describe an adipofascial flap based on a single sural nerve branch without sacrificing the entire sural nerve, thereby preserving sensibility of the lateral foot. Methods The posterior aspect of the lower limb was dissected in 15 cadaveric limbs. Four patients with soft tissue defects over the tendo-achilles and ankle underwent reconstruction using the adipofascial flap, which incorporated the distal peroneal perforator, short saphenous vein, and a single branch of the sural nerve. Results From the anatomical study, the distal peroneal perforator was situated at an average of 6.2 cm (2.5-12 cm) from the distal tip of the lateral malleolus. The medial and lateral sural nerve branches ran subfascially and pierced the muscle fascia 16 cm (14-19 cm) proximal to the lateral malleolus to enter the subcutaneous plane. They merged 1-2 cm distal to the subcutaneous entry point to form the common sural nerve at a mean distance of 14.5 cm (11.5-18 cm) proximal to the lateral malleolus. This merging point determined the pivot point of the flap. In the clinical cases, all patients reported near complete recovery of sensation over the lateral foot six months after surgery. All donor sites healed well with a full range of motion over the foot and ankle. Conclusions The distally based sural artery adipofascial flap allowed for minimal sensory loss, a good range of motion, an aesthetically acceptable outcome and can be performed by a single surgeon in under 2 hours.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of step length on the joint moment. The subjects were 4 undergraduate and graduate students in their 20s with normal legs. The subjects were individually tested by the running timer at the walking speed of 0.67m/s, 134m/s, and 2.46m/s. The step length was regulated to -10% of normal, normal and +10% of normal step length using foot print. The walking performances of each subjects were filmed using a high speed video camera. The raw data were analyzed by LabVIEW Graphical Program and these data were analyzed by ANOVAs and Scheffe. The results of this study were as follows: The maximum dorsiflexion moment of the ankle joint increased as the step length increased only at the fast walking speed. Although there wasn't significant difference shown in the plantar flexion moment, regular pattern in the plantar flexion moment which increased as the step length increased was found. The first maximum extension moment of the knee joint increased only at the normal walking speed, but there appeared no significant difference in the maximum flexion and second extension moment. The maximum extension moment of the hip joint increased at the normal and fast walking speed. Although there wasn't significant difference, regular pattern in flexion moment which increased as the step length increased was found.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.163-180
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• 2003

This paper aims at collecting the guantitative data of kenematic variables by analysing the gait patterns of the normal adult men and the handicapped. The gait motions were taped with 4 video cameras, the cinematographic analyses were performed by the DLT technique of three dimensional image treatment. The following results were obtained in the analysis of the variables: 1. The ratio of stance time and swing time did not show any significant difference in the groups of the normal men and the handicapped when both foot of the former and the right feet of the latter were compared. The stride peeriod time of these two groups were 1.12 and 1.11 second, respectively. 2. In the handicapped group, the step width was wider, the step length and stride length were shorter, and especially, the step length of the right foot was shorter, 3. The small vertical displacement of left toes of the handicapped group showed that the heal contact and the left midstance are almost simultaneous. 4. The two groups have almost the same horizontal displacement of the center of gravity and the same vertical rate of extension. In view of the velocity of the center of gravity the normal adults showed the constant speed of movement. However, the handicapped adults were reduced from the right midstance to the right toe-off. 5. The handicapped showed prominently low angle on the left toe-off in the ankle joint angle, they also had the tendency to walk in the patterns of extended knee in the knee joint angle. Both the handicapped and the normal had the hyperextension on the toe-off in the hip joint angle. In the back and front angle of body, both showed the slightly back-sided walking positions. 6. Both groups had the abduction of both feet in foot placement angle, but the handicapped did not show serious abduction of left midstance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2010

Purpose: This study examined how the degrees of muscle activity of Rectus Femoris and Tibialis Anterior during the four phases of walking vary according to three different treadmill slopes of $0^0$, $7^0$, and $15^0$. Methods: Subjects were 14 randomly selected healthy students attending G University in Seoul, Korea who had never had articular problems with lower limb and had no difficulties walking at the time of study. Results: 1) With respect to Rectus Femoris, in every phase of both forward and backward walking, there were significant differences among all of the slope degrees (p <.05), while the activity increased with increased slope degrees in every phase of backward walking. 2) For Tibialis Anterior, only in P2 and P3 of both forward and backward walking there were significant differences in every slope (p <.05). Conclusion: Both Rectus Femoris and Tibialis Anterior were found to be more active during backward walking compared to backward walking. In addition, the activity degree of Rectus Femoris was high between the early part of two foot support phase and the early part of one foot support phase, whereas that of Tibialis Anterior was high between the early part of one foot support phase and the latter part of both foot support phase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1207-1210
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• 2004

As many humans age, degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) becomes a major cause of lower limb discomfort and disability. By surgical treatment method of DLSS, the existing surgical treatment methods using internal fixation have showed degeneration changes of an adjacent vertebrae and loss of lumbar spine lordosis-kyphosis due to eliminating a motion. For solving the problems of internal fixation, a novel interspinous spacer has been developed to treat DLSS by surgical treatment method. In this study, we evaluated the biomechanical effects of the interspinous spacer on the kinematics of the porcine lumbar spine before and after insertion of the implant. For this purpose, a device that is capable of measuring 3-D motions were built based on direct linear transformation (DLT) algorithm written with MATLAB program. Results showed that in extension, a change of the mean angle between the intact and the implanted specimens at L4-L5 was 1.87 degree difference and the implant reduced the extension range of motion of the L4-L5 (p＆lt;0.05). But the range of motion in flexion, axial rotation and lateral bending at the adjacent segments was not statistically affected by the implant. In conclusion, we thought that interspinous spacer may have remedical value for DLSS by flexing human lumbar spine.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.270-274
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• 2001

A functional upper airway obstruction due to a vocal cord dysfunction(VCD) is characterized by a paradoxical adduction of the vocal cords throughout the respiratory cycle with no obvious organic cause for the obstruction. It commonly occurs paroxysmally and imitates acute asthmatic attacks, often in patients with coexisting asthma. They present with episodes of dyspnea associated with inspiratory wheezing that persists despite conventional asthma treatment and a flattening of the inspiratory limb of the flow-volume curve ; an adduction of the vocal cord during inspiration. Failure to recognize concurrent vocal cord dysfunction and asthma has led not only to the excessive use of bronchodilators and corticosteroids, but also to intubation and tracheostomy. Here, we report a case of coexistent obstructive pulmonary disease and functional upper airway obstruction due to a vocal cord dysfunction where a bronchoscopy showed a paradoxical vocal cord motion and typical features of a variable extrathoracic obstruction and a lower airway obstruction on the Flow-volume loop during a symptomatic period.