• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2007

The knowledge of the flash point of the various liquid substances is required because of process safety and control in industrial fire protection. The epoxy resin is one of versatile resins that has wide selection of using curing agents and additives to achieve various applications such as coatings, adhesives, interior materials, reinforced plastics and electrical insulation. In this study, the lower flash points for p-xylene+epoxy resin, o-xylene+epoxy resin and n-butanol+epoxy resin systems were measured by using Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. The lower flash points for p-xylene+epoxy resin, o-xylene+epoxy resin and n-butanol+epoxy resin systems rapidly increased 80wt%, 90wt% and 95wt% of epoxy resin concentration, respectively. This results serve as a guide to estimate flash point of any epoxy resin solution.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.64-68
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• 2014

사이클로헥산올의 안전한 취급을 위해, 폭발한계는 문헌을 통해 고찰하였고, 인화점과 발화지연시간에 의한 발화온도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 밀폐식 장치에 의한 사이클로헥산올의 하부인화점은$60^{\circ}C{\sim}64^{\circ}C$로 측정되었으며, 개방식에서는 $66^{\circ}C{\sim}68^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. ASTM E659 장치를 사용하여 자연발화온도와 발화지연시간을 측정하였고, 사이클로헥산올의 최소자연발화온도는 $297^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. 측정된 하부인화점과 상부인화점에 의한 폭발하한계는 0.95 Vol%, 상한계는 10.7 Vol%로 계산되었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2005

노말프로판올과 노말데칸의 가연성혼합물의 하부인화점을 Tag개방식 장치를 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험결과 인화점과 조성의 관계에서 혼합물 보다 낮은 인화점을 보여주었다. 노말 프로판올의 몰분율 0.71에서 $27^{\circ}C$였으며, 노말프로판올의 인화점은 $28^{\circ}C$였다. 실험 결과는 이상용액을 근거로 한 예측 값과 활동도계수 예측식인 van Laar식을 사용하여 계산된 값을 각각 비교하였다. 이상용액 개념을 이용한 예측 값은 실험 값과 차이를 보였으나, van Laar 식에 의한 예측 값은 실험 값과 일치하였으며, van Laar식에 의한 예측 값과 실험 값은 평균 $0.83^{\circ}C$차이를 보였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 방법론은 가연성물질에 대해 안전한 저장 및 취급하는 조건의 결정과 같은 화학공정 설계의 본질적 안전 설계에 적용할 수 있다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

For the safe handling of o-cresol, this study was investigated the explosion limits of o-cresol in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of o-cresol by using closed-cup tester were experimented in $77^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of o-cresol by using open cup tester were experimented in $86^{\circ}C$ and $87^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for o-cresol. The AIT of o-cresol was experimented as $495^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit(LEL) by the measured the lower flash point for o-cresol was calculated as 1.27 Vol%.

• 청정기술
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2020

Laboratories and industrial processes typically involve the use of flammable substances. An important property used to estimate fire and explosion risk for a flammable liquid is the flash point. In this study, flash point data at 101.3 kPa were determined using a SETA closed cup flash point tester on the following solvent mixtures: {2,2,4-trimethylpentane + methylcyclohexane}, {2,2,4-trimethylpentane + ethylbenzene}, and {2,2,4-trimethylpentane + p-xylene}. The purpose of this work is to obtain flash point data for binary mixtures of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane with three hydrocarbons (methylcyclohexane, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene), which are representative compounds of the main aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum. The measured flash points are compared with the predicted values calculated using the GE models' activity coefficient patterns: the Wilson, the Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL), and the UNIversal QUAsiChemical (UNIQUAC) models. The non-ideality of the mixture is also considered. The average absolute deviation between the predicted and measured lower flash point s is less than 1.99 K, except when Raoult's law is calculated. In addition, the minimum flash point behavior is not observed in any of the three binary systems. This work's predicted results can be applied to design safe petrochemical processes, such as identifying safe storage conditions for non-ideal solutions containing volatile components.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.114-119
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• 1997

The lower flash points and upper flash points of 2-propanol and toluene mixtures were determined by air-blowing method instead of Tag-closed flash point tester. The relations between the flash points and the composition of the mixtures are as follows, $T_{F.L}=4.3182+6.0909X_1$ $T_{F.U}=39.3636-2.9091X_1$ As results, the experimental data and the estimated values from the relations are considerably agreed, and we could plotted the relative diagram between flash points and the explosive range.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2007

인화점의 정보를 확보하는 것은 화재 및 폭발의 예방을 위해 대단히 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 2-propanol+acetic acid 계와 2-propanol+n-propionic acid 계의 하부 인화점을 클리브랜드 개방식 장치를 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험값은 Raoult의 법칙, Wilson 식과 NRTL 식에 의해 계산된 값과 비교하였다. 그 결과, Wilson 식과 NRTL 식에 의한 예측값이 Raoult의 법칙에 의한 예측값 보다 실험값에 더욱 근접하였다. 또한, NRTL 식의 실험값에 대한 모사성이 Wilson 식의 그것 보다 우수하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2017

Vapor-liquid equilibrium calculation is required to properly design and operation of distillation process. The general calculation method is to use binary interaction parameter. Lower flash points of cyclohexanol+aniline and cyclohexanol+cyclohexanone were measured by using Seta-flash closed cup apparatus. The measured flash points were compared with those calculated by the method based on Raoult's law and the optimization method using Wilson equation. The absolute average errors(A.A.E.) of the results calculated by Raout's law are $0.25^{\circ}C$ and $1.07^{\circ}C$ for cyclohexanol+aniline and cyclohexanol+cyclohexanone, respectively. The absolute average errors of the results calculated by the optimization method are $0.22^{\circ}C$ and $0.65^{\circ}C$ for cyclohexanol+aniline and cyclohexanol+cyclohexanone, respectively. As can be seen from A.A.E., the calculated values based on the optimization method were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law. The binary interaction parameters calculated by the optimization method are used to predict the dew points of cyclohexanol+aniline and cyclohexanol+cyclohexanone. The A.A.E. for these mixtures show that there is an acceptable agreement between experimental and calculated dew poins.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2014

아닐린의 안전한 취급을 위해, 폭발한계는 문헌을 통해 고찰하였으며, 인화점과 발화지연시간에 의한 자연발화온도는 시험장치를 이용하여 측정하였다. 인화점의 경우 밀폐식 장치인 Setaflash와 Penski-Martens 에 의한 하부인화점은 각 각 $66^{\circ}C$와 $73^{\circ}C$로 측정되었으며, 개방식인 Tag와 Cleveland 에서는 각 각 $72^{\circ}C$와 $78^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. ASTM E659 장치를 사용하여 자연발화온도와 발화지연시간을 측정하였고, 최소 자연발화온도는 $590^{\circ}C$로 측정되었다. 아닐린의 측정된 인화점을 이용하여 폭발하한계와 상한계는 1.16 Vol.%와 8.36 Vol.%로 게산되었다.

• 한국위험물학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

The fire and explosion properties necessary for waste, safe storage, transport, process design and operation of handling flammable substances are lower explosion limits(LEL), upper explosion limits(UEL), flash point, AIT( minimum autoignition temperature or spontaneous ignition temperature), fire point etc., An accurate knowledge of the combustion properties is important in developing appropriate prevention and control measures fire and explosion protection in chemical plants. In order to know the accuracy of data in MSDSs(material safety data sheets), the flash point of phenol was measured by Setaflash, Pensky-Martens, Tag, and Cleveland testers. And the AIT of phenol was measured by ASTM 659E apparatus. The explosion limits of phenol was investigated in the reference data. The flash point of phenol by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented at $75^{\circ}C$ and $81^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of phenol by Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented at $82^{\circ}C$ and $89^{\circ}C$, respectively. The AIT of phenol was experimented at $589^{\circ}C$. The LEL and UEL calculated by using Setaflash lower and upper flash point value were calculated as 1.36vol% and 8.67vol%, respectively. By using the relationship between the spontaneous ignition temperature and the ignition delay time proposed, it is possible to predict the ignition delay time at different temperatures in the handling process of phenol.