• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the muscle activity of shoulder stabilization according to change of supporting base interval between push-up bend and push-up plus position and is to prevent or treat a shoulder injury by the most effective exercise for rehabilitation. Methods : This study analyzed the muscle activity according to change of supporting base interval between push-up bend and push-up plus movement. The participants without neuromuscular disease were 25 students - 12 males and 13 females - all twenty or over and the surface electrode of EMG attached on pectoralis major, triceps long head, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi. The process has practiced 3 sessions of supporting base interval - narrowing interval, two shoulder interval, broad interval - by push-up bend and push-up plus movement. Result : 1. The muscle activity of pectoralis major was significantly increased according to narrow interval of supporting base on push-up plus movement and was significant difference(p<.05). 2. The muscle activity of biceps was significantly increased according to narrow interval of supporting base on push-up bend movement(p<.05). 3. The muscle activity of middle or lower trapezius was a difference according to change of supporting base on push-up bend and push-up plus movement but was not significant difference. 4. The muscle activity of serratus anterior was significantly increased according to broad interval of supporting base on push-up bend movement(p<.05). 5. The muscle activity of latissimus dorsi was significantly increased according to broad interval of supporting base on push-up bend movement(p<.05). Conclusion : These results lead us to the conclusion that push-up bend exercise have the effect of muscle strength of biceps on narrowing interval, of serratus anterior or latissimus dorsi on broad interval and push-up plus exercise have the effect of muscle strength of pectoralis major on narrowing interval of support base.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect for running shoes with resilience of midsole on biomechanical properties. Methods : 10 healthy males who had no history of injury in the lower extremity with an average age of 26.5 year(SD=1.84), height of 172.22 cm(SD=4.44) and weight of 67.51 kg(SD=6.17) participated in this study. All subjects ran on the treadmill wearing three different running shoes. Foot pressure data was collected using Pedar-X system(Novel Gmbh, Germany) operating at 100 Hz. Surface EMG signals for biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medial lateralis, tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, soleus and peroneus longus were acquired at 1000 Hz using Bignoli 8 System(Delsys Inc., USA). To normalize the difference of the magnitude of muscle contractions, it was expressed as a percentage relative to the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The impact resilience of the midsole data was collected using Fastcam SA5 system(Photron Inc., USA). Collected data was analyzed using One-way ANOVA in order to investigate the effects of each running shoes. Results : TPU midsole was significantly wider in contact area than EVA, TPE midsole in midfoot and higher in EMG activity than EVA midsole at biceps femoris. TPE midsole was significantly wider in contact area than EVA midsole in rearfoot and higher in peak pressure than EVA midsole in forefoot. EVA midsole was significantly higher in EMG activity than TPU midsole at tibia anterior. In medial resilience of midsoles, TPE midsole was significantly higher than EVA, TPU midsole. Conclusion : TPU midsole can reduce the load on the midfoot effectively and activate tibialis anterior, biceps femoris to give help to running.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2020

Background: The gastrocnemius (GCM) is one of the lower extremity muscles that tend to tighten easily. GCM tightness results in limited ankle dorsi-flexion (DF), especially when the knee joint is fully extended. Joint flexibility is determined by the morphological and physiological characteristics of joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. Impaired joint flexibility can be attributed to increased susceptibility to muscle injury. High-frequency diathermy is clinically used to reduce pain and muscle tightness and to improve limited range of motion. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of high-frequency therapy in subjects with GCM tightness. Methods: The study was designed as a one-group before-after trial. The subjects included 28 volunteers with GCM tightness (an active ankle DF angle of less than 12°) without any known neurological and musculoskeletal pathologies in the ankle and calf areas. WINBACK Transfer Electrode Capacitive and Resistive Therapy equipment was used to apply high-frequency therapy to the subjects' GCMs for 10-15 minutes. The pennation angle and the fascicle length of the GCM were measured using ultrasonography. The flexibility of the ankle joint, peak torque to the passive ankle DF (Biodex), and soft tissue stiffness (MyotonPRO) were also measured. Results: The pennation angle was significantly decreased following the treatment; however, no significant difference in the fascicle length was found (p < 0.05). The flexibility was significantly increased and both the passive peak torque to passive ankle DF and the soft tissue stiffness significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusion: High-frequency therapy is immediately effective for improving the muscle's architectural properties and functional factors in subjects with GCM tightness. Further longitudinal clinical studies are required to investigate the long-term effects of high-frequency therapy on subjects with GCM tightness from various causes.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.8
• /
• pp.301-309
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the neurocognitive ability and the risk factors of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries during landing in female recreational athletes. Thirty-two female athletes participated in computerized neurocognition test and motion analysis for drop vertical jump. Pearson's linear correlation analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between the raw scores of neurocognition test and biomechanical variables including 3D joint angle, moment, power, vertical ground reaction force, loading rate, and support time. There were correlations between the scores of neurocognition test and biomechanical variables as high the neurocognition score, it also increase landing strategies were used to maintain posture of the lower extremity. Therefore, the neurocognitive test might be used as a good screening method to detect the risk factors before injury.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.213-222
• /
• 2004

Objectives : To investigate contributing degree of other factors except pelvic tilting to F.L.L.D by analizing with Gonstead technique on the correlation between femur head height discrepancy on the standing pelvic AP view and F.L.L.D caused by pelvic tilting. Method : We analysed standing pelvis AP X-ray of 70 patients who had visited at the department acupunture and moxibustion in Conmaul oriental medical hospital, during May, 1st, 2004 - July, 30th, 2004, with low back pain or lower extremity pain. We excluded the person with any past history of polio, genetic defect, malunited fracture, growth plate injury, infection and overgrowth attributable to hemangioma, or arteriovenous fistula. Results & Conclusion : The functional leg length discrepancy caused by pelvic tilting and femur head height difference had no statistical difference(p=0.132) but poorly correlated(Pearson ${\nu}=0.05$). In the 94.28% of subjects, the femur head height difference wasn't in accord with F.L.L.D. caused by pelvic tilting. In 47.14% of subjects were expected to have over $3^{mm}$ of leg length discrepancy after pelvic adjustment. The mean of measurement difference between two methods was $3.76{\pm}3.12^{mm}$ and the range was $0{\sim}11.4^{mm}$. Consequently, we must consider not only functional leg length discrepancy caused by pelvic tilting but also anatomical leg length discrepancy, misalignment of ankle, knee or hip joint etc.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.153-160
• /
• 2017

Gait analysis has been conducted in various environments, but the biomechanics during the transition from uphill walking to downhill walking have not been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knee and ankle joint kinematics and kinetics during walking on a triangle-shaped slope compared with those during level walking. Kinematic and kinetic data of eighteen participants were obtained using a force plate and motion capture system. The greater peak ankle dorsiflexion angle and moment and the peak knee extension moment were observed (p<0.05) during both uphill and downhill walking on the triangle-shaped slope. In summary, uphill walking on a triangle-shaped slope, which showed a peak knee flexion of more than $50^{\circ}$ with greater peak knee extension moment, could increase the risk of patellofemoral pain syndrome. Downhill walking on a triangle-shaped slope, which involved greater ankle dorsiflexion excursion and peak ankle dorsiflexion, could cause gastrocnemius muscle strain and Achilles tendon overuse injury.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.34-37
• /
• 2001

The injury on the dorsum of foot is usually manifested in the defect of bone and soft tissue, so its reconstruction requires composite tissue. Free flap satisfies this defect but its indication is determined by the defect size, recipient status and so on. Iliac crest bone and fibular bone are useful bone flap but in more than 8cm defect, fibular flap is more useful. The drawback of fibular free flap is the absence of soft-tissue coverage, so another local flap and myocutaneous flap must be added. Fibula-hemisoleus ostemusculocutaneous free flap has been used for the reconstruction of upper and lower extremity. Its advantages are one stage operation, one donor site and the flexibility of the reconstruction with the use of muscle, bone, and skin. This flap has never been reported for the reconstruction of dorsum of foot. In our case, 20-year-old woman was referred with the 17 cm defect of 1st metatarsal bone and $16{\times}8cm$ sized soft tissue loss on the dorsum of the right foot. We reconstructed successfully the dorsum of foot with fibula-hemisoleus osteomusculocutaneous free flap and the patient can walk without crutches after 6 monthes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of ice immersion to the ankle, foot on vertical jump, isokinetic exercise. Methods : Thirty volunteers from universal students who had not sustained an injury to the lower extremity within the past 6 months were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Subjects in the experimental group performed vertical jump and isokinetic exercise before and after the application of a 15-minute ice immersion($50-55^{\circ}F$) to the ankle and foot. Subjects in the control group performed vertical jump and isokinetic exercise before and after the application of a 15-minute resting. Results : Shuttle run was not significantly decreased after than before the application of a 15-minute ice immersion($50-55^{\circ}F$) to the ankle and foot(p<0.05). Vertical jump was significantly decreased after than before the application of a 15-minute ice immersion($50-55^{\circ}F$) to the ankle and foot(p<0.05). Speed $60^{\circ}$ of peak torque was significantly decreased after than before the application of a 15-minute ice immersion($50-55^{\circ}F$) to the ankle and foot(p<0.05). Speed $120^{\circ}$ of peak torque was significantly decreased after than before the application of a 15-minute ice immersion($50-55^{\circ}F$) to the ankle and foot(p<0.05). Conclusion : we think because the ice immersion decrease active, physical therapist should carefully consider the consequence of cold therapy to increase active.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the foot-pressure distribution of Tennis Shoes for assessing their functionality. 10 university male students (shoe size: 265mm) who had no history of injury in the lower extremity and a normal gait pattern participated in this study. Four types of tennis shoes, most popular in Korea (A, B, C & D company), were selected and tested. Using the PEDAR-X system and PEDAR-X insoles, 4 different motion stages were analyzed for the foot-pressure distribution: (a) straight running; (b) c-cut($45^{\circ}$ left turn running; (c) forehand stroke; and (d) backhand stroke. Results revealed that in all stages, there were no statistically significant differences among the types of shoes; however, descriptive statistics indicated that functionality of shoe types was somewhat different depending on the type of stages. The order in functionality found was C>A>B>D.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.99-114
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to introduce the Chuna Manual Therapy (CMT) using Bong (a type of stick which is called 'bong') as a part of Oriental Medicine. Methods : We searched several traditional methods of CMT using Bong, either individual contact to specialist of CMT using Bong or referred to publications, and summarized briefly for introduction. Authors also made a comparative study between existing CMT and CMT using the bong. Results & Conclusions : The indications of Bong CMT are regarded as acute or chronic pain syndrome, whiplash associated disorders, facet syndrome, vertebral misalignment, chronic fatigue syndrome, obesity and also lower extremity length difference caused by malalignment of vertebrae and pelvic bone. The Meridian Muscle Therapy by pressing down using the Bong can be carried out on the imbalances of the muscle by shortening and lengthening contraction. CMT with Bong is considered more effective than other existing CMT in terms of effectiveness. In the case of pelvic correction which needs a tremendous amount of force, it can reduce the force required effectively. This fact can be inferred by the theory of composition and decomposition of force during the transmission of power. We can perform Bong CMT feeling less fatigued subsequently than general CMT. Pressing down with flexed fingers to grip bong acts on the contraction of flexor digiti and extensor digiti muscle, this protects the $doctor^{\circ}{\emptyset}s$ wrist joints from injury. The bong which acts as a tool between the doctor and the patient, while being given treatment, absorbs and spreads out the direct impact from the patient to the doctor. CMT with Bong is able to apply to both existing massage therapies with the hand. The bong appliance can be used in all applications, particularly, but not limited to; Orthopedic and Manual Correction Therapy, Meridian Muscle Pressing, Exercise Therapy, and Meridian Point Manual Pressing Therapy. CMT with Bong belongs to the category of oriental rehabilitation and Chuna manual medicine.