• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Lambda wing type Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle(UCAV) which adopts Blended Wing Body(BWB) has relatively less drag and more stealth performance than conventional aircraft. However, Pitching moment is rapidly increased at a specific angle of attack affected by leading edge vortex due to leading edge sweep angle. Wind tunnel testing and numerical analysis were carried out with UCAV 1303 configuration on condition of 50 m/s of flow velocity, $-4^{\circ}{\sim}28^{\circ}$ of the range of angle-of-attack. The effect of wing twist for longitudinal stability at the various angles of attack was verified in this study. When negative twist is applied on the wing, Pitch-break was onset at higher angle of attack due to delayed flow separation on outboard of the wing. On the other hand, pitch-break was onset at lower angle of attack and lift-to-drag ratio was increased when positive twist is applied on the wing.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.248-255
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• 2017

Increased hepatic enzymes are associated with insulin resistance, metabolic complications, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype is not accompanied by metabolic complications and maintains insulin sensitivity, despite excessive body fat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical implications of hepatic enzymes in MHO men. The diagnostic criteria for MHO were based on NCEP-ATP III and obesity in adults was defined using WHO Asian-Pacific criteria. We used the data from 9,683 obese men aged between 20 and 70 years. The subjects were divided into three groups according to the diagnostic criteria: The metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO, N=2,878), metabolically healthy obese (MHO, N=5,427), and metabolically abnormal obese (MAO, N=1,378). Obesity criteria were classified according to the standards set forth by WHO Asia-Pacific Criteria. AST, ALT, and GGT were significantly lower in the MHO group than in the MAO group (p<0.001, respectively). However, the hepatic enzyme levels were higher in the MHO group than in the MHNO group (p<0.001). Liver enzymes were associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors. Waist circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-C were risk factors for metabolic syndrome affecting liver enzymes. In conclusion, hepatic enzymes were found to predict metabolic abnormalities in metabolically healthy obese men.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.460-466
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• 2020

Background Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) osteomyelitis is a rare pathology requiring urgent intervention. Several operative approaches have been described with conflicting reports. Here, we present a multi-institutional study utilizing multiple surgical pathways for SCJ reconstruction. Methods A multi-institutional retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify patients who underwent surgical repair for sternoclavicular osteomyelitis between 2008 and 2019. Patients were stratified according to reconstruction approach: single-stage reconstruction with advancement flap and delayed-reconstruction with flap following initial debridement. Demographics, operative approach, type of reconstruction, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Results Thirty-two patients were identified. Mean patient age was 56.2±13.8 years and 68.8% were male. The average body mass index (BMI) was 30.0±8.8 kg/㎡. The most common infection etiologies were intravenous drug use and bacteremia (both 25%). Fourteen patients (43.8%) underwent one-stage reconstruction and 18 (56.2%) underwent delayed two-staged reconstruction. Both single and delayed-stage groups had comparable rates of reinfection (7.1% vs. 11.1%, respectively), surgical site complications (21.4% vs. 27.8%), readmissions (7.1% vs. 16.6%), and reoperations (7.1% vs. 5.6%; all P>0.05). The single-stage reconstruction group had a significantly lower BMI (26.2±5.7 kg/㎡ vs. 32.9±9.1 kg/㎡; P<0.05) and trended towards shorter hospital length of stay (11.3 days vs. 17.9 days; P=0.01). Conclusions Both single and delayed-stage approaches are appropriate methods with comparable outcomes for reconstruction for SCJ osteomyelitis. When clinically indicated, a single-stage reconstruction approach may be preferable in order to avoid a second operation as associated with the delayed phase, and possibly shortening total hospital length of stay.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2003

An effort was made to assess comparative production performance in broiler chickens fed diets containing solvent extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) processed from BT and Parental Non-BT lines. Processed meal of national check and commercial produce cottonseeds were also used for comparison. The free gossypol contents were 0.02, 0.02, 0.44 and 0.03% in meals of BT, Parental Non-BT, national check and commercial produce cottonseeds, respectively. Day-old broiler chicks (n=243) were divided to 27 groups of 9 each. Nine dietary treatments (iso-nitrogenous, 23% CP and iso-caloric, 2,800 kcal ME/kg) were formulated viz., D1 (control, soybean meal-SBM based), D2 and D3 (BT CSM at 10% of diet with and without additional iron), D4 and D5 (non-BT CSM with and without additional iron), D6 and D7 (national check CSM with or without additional iron), and D8 and D9 (commercial produce CSM with or without additional iron at 2 ppm for every 1 ppm of free gossypol, respectively). Each dietary treatment was offered to three replicated groups up to 6 weeks of age. At the end of 6 weeks of age, 10 birds were taken out randomly from each treatment and were sacrificed to study carcass traits, organs' yield and histo-pathological changes in vital organs. The broiler chickens received CSM processed from BT (D2, 1,753 g and D3, 1,638 g) and Parental Non-BT (D4, 1,653 g and D5, 1,687 g) with or without additional Fe grew at same rate as observed in soybean meal (solvent ext.) based diet (D1, 1,676 g). The feed intake and feed conversion efficiency (feed: gain) in these dietary treatments (BT, non-BT line based diets) also did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from control diet. Similar observation was also observed in dietary treatments (D8 and D9) containing solvent extracted cottonseed meal of commercial produce origin. However, a decrease (p<0.05) in body weight gain and feed intake was observed in D6 containing national check CSM with high gossypol content. Addition of Fe in the diet (D7) improved (p<0.05) feed intake and weight gain but not to the extent as observed in diets containing BT, parental non-BT, and commercial produce CSM or control. However, any type of CSM did not affect feed conversion efficiency when fed with or without additional iron. The carcass characteristics in terms of dressing percentage, liver weight and heart weight was not significantly (p>0.05) different between the treatments. The eviscerated yields emanated from diets containing either BT, non-BT or commercial produce were statistically similar to control. However, eviscerated yield of broilers fed national check CSM with or without iron supplementation was lower (p<0.05) than BT cotton with Fe supplementation and commercial produce CSM. The study envisaged that BT, parental non-BT and commercial produce solvent extracted cottonseed meal can be included at 10% in soybean meal based broiler diet replacing soybean meal and rice bran without additional iron.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 1996

In selected cases, early corrective surgery is indicated in the management of infants having large ventricular septal defects. The risk of any surgical procedure in infancy is acknowledged to be great and should be avoided whenever possible. However this greater surgical risk is justified when the patient presents with intractable congestive heart failure, severe pulmonary hypertension, marked growth retardation, and recurrent prolonged lower respiratory infections. We analyzed 31 patients with ventricular septal defect in infancy who underwent surgical correction from January 1991 through December 1994. Age ranged from 6 months to 12 months with mean age of 9.2 months. Of the thirty-one patients, 23 patients were male and 8 patients were female. Mean body weight was 7. 4kg. The most common type of ventricular septal defect was perimembraneo s (64.5%). Associated cardiac anomalies were found in 17 patients (55.8%). Mitral regurgitation was the most commonly associated cardiac anomaly (16.1 %) and followed by patent ductus arteriosus (12.9%). When cardiac catheterization data were analysed, the most common range of Qp/qs, RpiRs, Pp/ps were 2.1∼ 3.0, 1-0.25, above 0.70 respectively. Among the indications of surgical correction, there were pulmonary hypertension in 20 patients, congestive heart failure in 3 patients, intractable respiratory infection in 10 patients and growth retardation in 14 patients. The most common surgical approach and method for closure of ventricular septal defect .were right atriotomy (58%) and Dacron patch closure (94%). Postoperative complications occurred in 10 cases (32%) and overall mortality was 12.9% (4 cases). All operative deaths in this series occurred in infants under the age of 8 months and weight of 8 kilograms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.368-368
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• 2017

Rice is the world's three major crops that is the staple food of Asian. Japonica type rice is consumed in Korea. Rice cultivation area decreases steadily. That is affected by decrease of the farm income with the inventory of 1.7 million tons, which is 2 to 3 times more than the optimal amount due to the decrease in the consumption of rice per person and cultivate high yield varieties. In recent years, as income level has improved, interest in health has been high and consumption for health food has been steadily increasing. For health food, rice is added by adding grains such as millet, sorghum, oats, beans and colored rice rather than white rice. In 1997, RDA(Rural Development Administration) developed black rice 'Heuknambyeo', and then 20 varieties were bred until 2017. In CBARES(Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services), we have developed new rice varieties 'Cheongpungheukchal' in 2010, 'Cheongpungheukhyangchal' in 2014, 'Cheongpungheukchal' is high in farming preference because of high yield. Black rice has high content of GABA and water-soluble phenol, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and consumers are interested in the function in the body. Therefore, functional and antioxidant activities(anthocyanin, total polyphenol, ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition) and antioxidant activities(ABTs, DPPH) were analyzed by comparing white and black rice. Testing varieties are 'Chucheongbyeo', best quality cultivars 'Daebo' and 'Samgwang' as white rice which are cultivated much in Chungbuk area, and black rice are 10 varieties including 'Cheongpungheukchal', 'Cheongpungheukhyangchal', 'Josaengheukchal' and so on. It has transplanted on 25th May, at CBARES research paddy by 100% fertilizer recommendation rate. Harvesting time was 50 days after heading by varieties, and has researched growth properties, yield and yield components, functional and antioxidant activities. Anthocyanin content was not measured because there was no pigmented in white rice, the highest value of anthocyanin content was 'Shintoheukmi' and in the range of 125.6~249.6mg/100g by black rice varieties. Total polyphenol content was high 'Cheongpungheukchal' and 'Shintoheukmi' and in the range of 96.68~244.34 mg/100g in black rice, white rice lower than blackish rice at 19.84~22.51mg/100g. ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition was high 'Cheongpungheukchal', 'Cheongpungheukhyangchal' and 'Shintoheukmi' in the rage of 75.87~98.85% by black rice varieties, especially 'Samgwang' was 80.75% and the other white rice was higher than 58~68%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2016

This study was conducted to verify the potential of Allium hookeri to control blood glucose metabolism in diabetes model. We fed the experimental diets(ALE, ARE) supplemented with the extract of Allium hookeri leaf or root at 1% of diet to the diabetic mice (C57BLKS/J, db/db) for 8 weeks. Hetero and control mice were fed the control diet without any extract of Allium hookeri leaf or root. At 8th week of feeding the diets, we measured body weight, blood glucose, HbA1c, and plasma insulin levels and conducted an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and staining insulin immunoreactive cells in islets of pancreas. ARE group treated with the root of A. hookeri showed significantly lower blood glucose levels than the Cont group at 120 min in the OGTT. However, HbA1c level was significantly reduced in both ALE and ARE groups, and higher serum insulin levels and increased density of insulin immunoreactive cells compared with the Cont group were found in these 2 groups. Based on these results, A. hookeri is considered to be effective in improving glucose tolerance by partially affecting insulin secretion and it may be used to prevent and treat diabetic disease.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2011

Purpose: It is generally believed that alopecia is caused by various factors such as scars, stress, genetical factors, androgens, etc. Androgenic alopecia is one of the most common cause of alopecia and found mainly in males. Propecia (Merck & Co., USA) and Minoxidil (McNEIL-PPC, Inc, USA) were the drugs approved from FDA for treatment of androgenic alopecia. Surgical treatments such as flap, tissue expansion, scalp reduction and hair transplantation can be considered if necessary. Hair micrograft techniques were developed for natural hair shapes and minimal adverse effect. There were attempts to measure the length of the forehead of the Korean young adults. However attempts to classify the shape and location of forehead hairline were rare. This study attempted to find out standard hairlines of young adults in their 20s & 30s and the result would be the guideline of the hairline in hair replacement surgery of male patients in their 40s & 50s. Methods: 200 male adults in 20s and 30s were photographed and measured the length of 11 vertical index lines to determine hairline. The indexes are the distances from hairline to intercanthal midpoint (A), to medial canthus (B), to upper eyelid fissure (C), to lower eyelid fissure (D), to lateral canthus (E) and distance from lateral highest point to medial lowest point, if the hairline is M-shape (F). Additionally, we classified the hairlines into 4 groups, M, horizontal, inverted U and irregular shapes. Results: The most common hairline of male adults in their 20s is inverted U-shape (53.3%), followed by horizontal-shape, M-shape, irregular-shape. In their 30s, inverted U-shape (59%) is followed by irregular-shape, M-shape, horizontal-shape. The M-shape is more frequently found in males in 30s than those in 20s. The mean values of the indexes in their 20s are as follows: A (76.14 mm), B (Rt: 75.78 mm, Lt:76.41 mm), C (Rt: 69.43 mm, Lt: 69.92 mm), D (Rt: 76.92 mm, Lt:77.46 mm), E (Rt: 64.16 mm, Lt: 64.73 mm), F (4.09 mm). Those in their 30s are as follows: A (76.13 mm), B (Rt: 76.114 mm, Lt: 76.02 mm), C (Rt: 69.87 mm, Lt: 70.37 mm), D (Rt: 77.37 mm, Lt: 77.58 mm), E (Rt: 69.63 mm, Lt: 69.85 mm), F (6.14 mm). Conclusion: The knowledge about human body measurement is indispensable to plastic surgeons. In this study, inverted U shape is the most common type of hairline in 30s, and similar distribution is found in 20s. The percentage of M shape in their 30s is elevated more than 10% compared to that in their 20s. The study of hairline shapes and 11 indexes of hairlines can be useful for planning of the hair transplantation and postoperative evaluation. This study being based on photogrammetry, there may be differences between actual distance of curved face and projected distance on flat photographs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.373-377
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• 2007

Alfalfa silage and corn silage are the major dairy feeds in most dairy operations in Michigan, USA. In recent years, the need to improve digestible fiber and dry matter intake of forages to meet the nutrient requirements of high yielding dairy cows and the willingness to plant corn specifically for silage has led plant breeders to focus on the brown mid-rib (BMR) trait. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different ratio of alfalfa to BMR corn silage and ration level of forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on animal performance of lactating cows in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. This study was conducted at the Upper Peninsula Experiment Station of Michigan State University in Chatham, Michigan, USA. Two different ratios of forage type (high alfalfa silage/low BMR corn silage, AS, and high BMR corn silage/low alfalfa silage, BMRCS) and two different dietary NDF contents (27% NDF, 27 = low forage/high grain feeding, and 33% NDF, 33 = high forage/low grain feeding) were used. The experimental design was a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square with 20 milking cows (12 multiparous and 8 primiparous). This trial had four 21-day periods with 14 d adaptation and 7 d data collection. Milk yield and body condition score (BCS) on the AS-27, BMRCS-27 and BMRCS-33 treatments were significantly (p<0.05) higher than on the AS-33 treatment. Dry matter intake of the AS-27 and BMRCS-27 treatments was significantly (p<0.05) higher than for the AS-33 and BMRCS-33 treatments. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) on the AS-33 treatment was significantly (p<0.05) higher than on the other diet treatments. A key finding of this study was that the BMRCS-33 (higher amounts of brown mid-rib corn silage than alfalfa silage, high forage and low grain feeding diet at 33% NDF) led to the equal highest milk production whilst having the equal lowest dry matter intake. This study demonstrated that the diet with higher ratio of highly digestible NDF forage such as brown mid-rib corn silage to alfalfa silage could lower grain feeding in the ration.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.131-136
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to improve the performance of hybrid energy harvesting block merge the vibrations and the pressure developed in the previous study. The power generation performance of the energy block improved in this manner was measured and compared with the energy performance of the products previously developed. In previous models, the center has placed a piezoelectric, the two sides had arranged a vibration applying electromagnetic inducing type. Improved model was disposed three in a row of three unit modules for one block. We change the design in the following way. That is, a unit module has been placed the upper piezoelectric body, the lower portion were arranged three electron donation. In laboratory conditions, the power generation performance evaluation results of the improved energy block is as follows. Once when the vibration, power generation was determined to 1.066W. When compared with previous studies, and power generation performance is improved up to 235%. When the vibration in a row 5, power generation was determined to 1.830W. When compared with previous studies, the performance is improved to 177%. The purpose of developing a hybrid energy block is intended to produce electricity by the pressure and vibration when a vehicle passes through the energy block installed in the car park the mouth portion. Electricity produced will try to take advantage of for the purpose of operating a guiding beacon and LED signage in the parking lot entrance. Therefore, it is determined that there is a need in the experiment to compare the performance of the power generation in the field.