• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2006

Gigong exercise is simple form's game for health care. Gigong exercise is the training method in mind and body, and it prevent or cure the disease by becoming larger the human's nature-healing power This syudy intends to identify the effective processing channel of the Doin Gigong Exercise for the reduction of shoulder-arm pain. The processing channel of the Doin Gigong Exercise for the reduction of shoulder-arm pain cinsist of warming, main, finishing exercise. The warming exercise start breathing and concentrate upon shoulder-arm exercise. The upper and lower sides join-hands exercise give help smoothly the Gi-circulation of human body in every direction. The finishing exercise consist of experience to Gi with the object of maintaining human comfortable condition. As mentioned above, the Doin Gigong exercise is effective intervention for the reduction of shoulder-arm pain.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.331-343
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• 2011

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a widely accepted treatment for unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee and other lower extremity deformities, particularly for young and active patients. However, it is generally recognized as a technically demanding procedure. Thus the limitations of conventional surgical methods have been reported. Currently, the use of computer-aided surgery (CAS) system for successful surgery was increased. However it has been reported many problems such as expensive equipment, infection or fracture caused by inserting half-pin and delaying surgery. Therefore we propose a novel method which can be tracked by using tracking-pin inserted in arbitrary locations of the femur and tibia, and fluoroscopic images obtained from G-arm of antero-posterior and lateral-medial.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.242-244
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• 2021

LI15 is an important acupuncture point to treat shoulder pain. There are 4 needling methods for LI15 in the textbook; 1 method requires the insertion of the needle horizontally between the acromion and the great tuberosity of the humerus with the arm lowered for supraspinatus tendonitis. This method is also applicable for all conditions of rotator cuff disease, but it has not previously been described in detail. Providing X-ray scans and describing needle direction and depth of insertion will provide evidence for needling with the arm down as an effective stimulation of the subacromial space. Firstly, for this technique, with the arm raised, a concave point is located between the front edge of the acromion and the humerus, and the lower upper arm. Secondly, the acupuncture needle is inserted slightly posteriorly towards the supraspinous fossa, in the direction of the supraspinatus tendon and to a depth of 30-40 mm.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.67.1-67.1
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• 2021

We use Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope, and Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment data to analyze the kinematic and chemical properties of stellar members in Sagittarius(Sgr) tidal streams. Using distances, positions, proper motions, and angular momenta of stars around the Sgr streams, we gather clean sample of Sgr member stars. We find that the leading arm has different chemical, kinematic, orbital characteristics from those of the trailing arm and the remnant of Sgr. In particular, the leading arm shows relatively lower eccentricity distribution than the trailing arm, suggesting their origin may differ or they have experienced different dynamical evolution, which is in somewhat mystery.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 2013

■ Objectives The aim of study is to analyze the change of gait pattern by arm sling in a hemiplegic patient. ■ Methods We analyzed the change of gait pattern under three conditions using Treadmill Gait analysis equipment(Zebris Co.Ltd FDM-T) First, the patient didn't have arm sling on her upper limb, second, the patient have arm sling on her affected upper limb, third, patient have arm sling on her unaffected upper limb. ■ Results In terms of spatiotemporal gait values, swing phase, step time, step length of unaffected lower limb increased. Furthermore, stride time and stride length also increased when the patient had arm sling on her unaffected upper limb. In terms of displacement of Center of pressure(CoP), anterior/posterior position and lateral symmetry of CoP increased. Furthermore, lateral symmetry of decreased when the patient had arm sling on her affected upper limb. ■ Conclusion Arm sling applied on affected side would be advantage to gait improvement in hemiplegic patients.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity levels of the scapular upward rotators [upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), and serratus anterior (SA)] and other scapular muscles [posterior deltoid (PD), levator scapulae (LS), and infraspinatus (IS)] during isometric lower trapezius exercises. Twenty males with no medical history of shoulder pain or upper extremity disorders were recruited for this study. EMG activity was recorded from the UT, LT, SA, PD, LS, and IS while subjects performed three different exercises: Prone arm lift (PAL), Backward rocking diagonal arm lift (BRDAL), Modified Prone Cobra (MPC). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine any significant differences among the three exercises. A lower relative activation of UT, LT, and SA was seen with the MPC than with the other exercises (p<.05). The relatively lower activation of the UT identified, the MPC exercise as the preferred choice for preferential strengthening the LT (p<.05). However, a higher activation in the PD, LS, and IS occurred with the MPC than with the other exercises (p>.05). The recruitment pattern of synergist varied depending on the exercise posture. These findings suggest that exercise posture is an important factor in the selection of strengthening exercise for weak muscle.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the GRF (ground reaction force) parameters according to the change of positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant in upper & lower limbs. To perform this study, participants were selected 9 healthy women (age: $21.40{\pm}0.94yrs$, height: $166.50{\pm}2.68cm$, body mass: $57.00{\pm}3.61kg$, BMI: $20.53{\pm}1.03kg/m^2$), divided into 2 carrying bag positions (dominant arm/R, non-dominant arm/L) and walked with 3 type of bag weights (0, 3, 5 kg) respectively. One force-plate was used to collect GRF (AMTI OR6-7) data at a sample rate of 1000 Hz. The variables analyzed were consisted of the medial-lateral GRF (Fx), anterior-posterior GRF (Fy), vertical GRF (Fz), impact loading rate and center of pressure (COPx, COPy, COP area, COPy posterior peak time) during downward stairs. 1) The Fx, Fy, Fz, COPx, and COP area of GRF were not statistically significant between dominant leg and non-dominant leg, but non-dominant leg, that is, showed the higher COPy, and showed higher impact loading rate than that dominant leg during downward stairs. 2) In bag wearing to non-dominant arm, Fx, Fz, COPx, COPy, impact loading rate and COP area showed increase tendency according to increase of bag weights. Also, against bag wearing to dominant arm, non-dominant showed different mechanism according to increase of bag weights. The Ground Reaction Force parameters showed different characteristics according to the positions and weights of bag during downward stairs between dominant and non-dominant arm.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 1975

Growth retardation and a variable degree of body disproportion are recognized features of malnutrition, and mild and moderate protein-calorie malnutrition(PCM). Among the various body measurements suggested to assess the prevalence of all grades of PCM as judged by growth retardation and by body disproportion, the 'mid-upper-arm circumference'-abbreviated to 'arm-circumference' has been suggested as a potential useful simple field index for the assessment of PCM showing that the measurement would give composite information simultaneously on three important effects on PCM-deficit in the muscle protein reservoirs, availability of calorie stores in the form of subcutaneous fat, and growth failure. And this is selected because of its easy accessibility, and less involvement with clinical edema. This study is conducted to make a comparison between the percentage of Korean weight for age standards and the percentage of mid-upper-arm circumference for age standards of 175 preschool children aged $3{\sim}72$ months who are selected among the low-income residents in Seoul. In this study, a comparison is made between the results obtained by expressing the observed weight of the child as a percentage of Korean standard, referred to as 'weight-for-age' and the observed arm-circumference expressed as a percentage of the age-specific arm standard of Jelliffe, referred to as 'arm-for-age'. All the measurements were taken following the techniques described by Jelliffe. The left mid upper arm was measured using a glass-fibre tape and the Fairbanks Morse beam balance was used for weighing. 80% level of weight for age Korean standard and 85% level of arm for are Jelliffe standard were used as an upper borderline limit for PCM. Comparing the 80% weight-for-age and the 85% arm-for-age standard as an upper limit for PCM, for children aged $3{\sim}72$ months, results in 84.6% agreement with the sensitivity of 86.4% and its specificity of 83.5%. If arm circumference alone had been measured and judgement made on this basis, then only 5.1% of the children would have been 'wrongly' classified. And there is a moderately close correlation between arm circumference and weight for age as the data in Table 4 shows. The problem therefore lies in the standard for arm circumference in normal children and in determining what is the lower limit of normal. Once this is clearly difined, one can rely more confidently on arm circumference measurements alone for the nutritional assessment of early childhood.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in blood pressure according to cuff size and measurement sites of the participants. Method: The participants consisted of 50 women and 50 men whose upper arm circumference was $26\sim30cm$. They had no chronic illness and gave consent to participate. Blood pressure of the wrist was measured in the sitting position, the upper arm with a standard cuff, large and small cuffs were used for measurement in supine position and the thigh in prone position. The data were analyzed with paired t-test using SPSS 12.0 program. Result: The data for the upper arm showed a difference in systolic and diastolic blood pressure depending on the site of measurement. There was a significant difference between measurements with a standard cuff and measurements with large and small cuffs. The systolic blood pressure of the wrist and the thigh were significantly lower than that of the upper arm. Conclusion: These results suggest that the selection of an appropriate cuff is an essential element in ensuring accuracy when measuring blood pressure and differences in systolic blood pressure for the upper arm, wrist and thigh indicate the need to record the measuring site when measuring blood pressure.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2012

Purpose: In the whole body PET/CT scan, it is natural to lift the patient's arm for its quality improvement. However, when the lesion is located in head and neck, the arms should be located lower. This study was designed to compare the CT effective dose for each arm position applying Automatic Exposure Control (AEC). Materials and Methods: 45 patients who had $^{18}F$-FDG whole body PET/CT scan were studied with Biograph Truepoint 40 (SIEMENS, GERMANY), Biograph Sensation 16 (SIEMENS, GERMANY), Discovery STe 8 (GE healthcare, USA). The CT effective dose of 15 patients for each equipment was measured and comparatively analyzed in both arm-lifted position and lower-arm position. ImPACT v1.0 program was used as the method of measurement for CT effective dose. For the statistics analysis, Paired t-test which paired with SPSS 18.0 statistic program was applied. Results: In the case of arm-lifted, it was measured as $6.33{\pm}0.93mSv$ for Biograph Sensation 16, $8.01{\pm}1.34mSv$ for Biograph Truepoint 40, and $9.69{\pm}2.32mSv$ for Discovery STe 8. When arms are located lower position, it was measure as $6.97{\pm}0.76mSv$, $8.95{\pm}1.85mSv$, $13.07{\pm}2.87mSv$ for each. CT effective dose according to the arm position was 9.2% for Biograph Truepoint 40, 10.5% for Biograph Sensation 16, and 25.9% for Discovery Ste 8. The statistics analysis showed the meaningful difference ($p$<0.05). Conclusion: For the whole body PET/CT case, CT effective dose applying AEC was decreased the radiation exposure of the patients when the arm was lifted for 15.2% of average value. The patient who has no lesion in head and neck would decrease the artifact occurrence in objective part and lower the CT effective dose. Also, for the patient who had lesion in head and neck, the artifact in objective part can be lower by putting the arms down, the fact that CT effective dose increases should be concerned in its whole body PET/CT scan.