References
- Arlotta M, LoVasco G, McLean L. Selective recruitment of the lower fibers of the trapezius muscle. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2011;21(3):403-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.11.006
- Choi JY, Jang JH, Oh JS. Effects of passive sapular alignment on electromyographic activity of trapezius in people with shortness of pectoralis minor muscle. Phys Ther Kor. 2012;19(2):12-19. https://doi.org/10.12674/ptk.2012.19.2.012
- Choung SD, Weon JH, Jung DY. Effect of movement plane and shoulder flexion angle on scapular upward rotator during scapular protraction exercise. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2013;8(1):41-48. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2013.8.1.041
- Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Declercq GA, et al. Evaluation of isokinetic force production and associated muscle activity in the scapular rotators during a protraction-retraction movement in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms. Br J Sports Med. 2004;38(1):64-68. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2003.004952
- Cools AM, Witvrouw EE, Mahieu NN, et al. Isokinetic scapular muscle performance in overhead athletes with and without impingement symptoms. J Athl Train. 2005;40(2):104-110.
- Cools AM, Declercq GA, Cambier DC, et al. Trapezius activity and intramuscular balance during isokinetic exercise in overhead athletes with impingement symptoms. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007a;17(1):25-33.
- Cools AM, Dewitte V, Lanszweert F, et al. Rehabilitation of scapular muscle balance: Which exercises to prescribe? Am J Sports Med. 2007b;35(10):1744-1751. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507303560
- Criswell E. Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography. 2nd ed. Sudbury, MA, Jones and Bartlett, 2011:289-306.
- De Mey K, Danneels LA, Cagnie B, et al. Conscious correction of scapular orientation in overhead athletes performing selected shoulder rehabilitation exercises: The effect on trapezius muscle activation measured by surface electromyography. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013;43(1):3-10. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2013.4283
- Decker MJ, Hintermeister RA, Faber KJ, et al. Serratus anterior muscle activity during selected rehabilitation exercises. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27(6):784-791. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465990270061601
- Ekstrom RA, Donatelli RA, Soderberg GL. Surface electromyographic analysis of exercises for the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33(5):247-258. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2003.33.5.247
- Eliot DJ. Electromyography of levator scapulae: New findings allow tests of a head stabilization model. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1996;19(1):19-25.
- Escamilla RF, Yamashiro K, Paulos L, et al. Shoulder muscle activity and function in common shoulder rehabilitation exercises. Sports Med. 2009;39(8):663-685. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200939080-00004
- Ha SM, Kwon OY, Cynn HS, et al. Comparison of electromyographic activity of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscle in different arm-lifting scapular posterior tilt exercises. Phys Ther Sport. 2012;13(4):227-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.002
- Hardwick DH, Beebe JA, McDonnell MK, et al. A comparison of serratus anterior muscle activation during a wall slide exercise and other traditional exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36(12):903-910. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2006.2306
- Huang HY, Lin JJ, Guo YL, et al. EMG biofeedback effectiveness to alter muscle activity pattern and scapular kinematics in subjects with and without shoulder impingement. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2013;23(1):267-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2012.09.007
- Kendall FP, McCreary EK, Provance PG, et al. Muscles: Testing and function, with posture and pain. 5th ed. Baltimore, MD, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2005:17-330.
- Kibler WB, McMullen J. Scapular dyskinesis and its relation to shoulder pain. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2003;11(2):142-151. https://doi.org/10.5435/00124635-200303000-00008
- Lehman GJ, MacMillan B, MacIntyre I, et al. Shoulder muscle EMG activity during push up variations on and off a swiss ball. Dyn Med. 2006;5:7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-5918-5-7
- Lin H, Chie W, Lien H. Epidemiological analysis of factors influencing an episode of exertional rhabdomyolysis in high school students. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34(3):481-486. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505281243
- Ludewig PM, Braman JP. Shoulder impingement: Biomechanical considerations in rehabilitation. Man Ther. 2011; 16(1):33-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.08.004
- Ludewig PM, Cook TM. Alterations in shoulder kinematics and associated muscle activity in people with symptoms of shoulder impingement. Phys Ther. 2000;80(3):276-291.
- Ludewig PM, Cook TM, Nawoczenski DA. Three-dimensional scapular orientation and muscle activity at selected positions of humeral elevation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996;24(2):57-65. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1996.24.2.57
- Ludewig PM, Hoff MS, Osowski EE, et al. Relative balance of serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscle activity during push-up exercises. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32(2):484-493. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503258911
- MacDonell CW, Keir PJ. Interfering effects of the task demands of grip force and mental processing on isometric shoulder strength and muscle activity. Ergonomics. 2005;48(15):1749-1769. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130500319757
- McQuade KJ, Dawson J, Smidt GL. Scapulothoracic muscle fatigue associated with alterations in scapulohumeral rhythm kinematics during maximum resistive shoulder elevation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1998;28(2):74-80. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1998.28.2.74
- Moseley JB Jr, Jobe FW, Pink M, et al. Emg analysis of the scapular muscles during a shoulder rehabilitation program. Am J Sports Med. 1992;20(2):128-134. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659202000206
- Neumann DA. Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System. 1st ed. St Louis, MO, Mosby, 2002:118-132.
- Pontillo M, Orishimo KF, Kremenic IJ, et al. Shoulder musculature activity and stabilization during upper extremity weight-bearing activities. N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2007;2(2):90-96.
- Queisser F, Bluthner R, Brauer D, et al. The relationship between the electromyogram-amplitude and isometric extension torques of neck muscles at different positions of the cervical spine. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1994;68(1):92-101. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00599248
- Sahrmann SA. Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement Impairment Syndrome. St Louis, MO, Mosby, 2002:206-212.
- Smith J, Dahm DL, Kaufman KR, et al. Electromyographic activity in the immobilized shoulder girdle musculature during scapulothoracic exercises. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87(7):923-927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2006.03.013
- Solem-Bertoft E, Thuomas KA, Westerberg CE. The influence of scapular retraction and protraction on the width of the subacromial space: An MRI study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993;(296):99-103.
- Tucker WS, Armstrong CW, Gribble PA, et al. Scapular muscle activity in overhead athletes with symptoms of secondary shoulder impingement during closed chain exercises. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010;91(4):550-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2009.12.021
- Warner JJ, Micheli LJ, Arslanian LE, et al. Scapulothoracic motion in normal shoulders and shoulders with glenohumeral instability and impingement syndrome. A study using Moire topographic analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;(285):191-199.
- Weon JH, Oh JS, Cynn HS, et al. Influence of forward head posture on scapular upward rotators during isometric shoulder flexion. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2010;(14):367-374.
- Wilk KE, Arrigo C. Current concepts in the rehabilitation of the athletic shoulder. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993;18(1):365-378. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.1993.18.1.365
- Witt D, Talbott N, Kotowski S. Electromyographic activity of scapular muscles during diagonal patterns using elastic resistance and free weights. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2011;6(4):322-332.
Cited by
- Comparison of the Electromyographic Activity in the Lower Trapezius Muscle According to Four Different Types of Exercises in Healthy Adults vol.31, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2019.31.2.134
- Effect of Neck Rotating Directions on the Muscle Activity of Upper and Lower Trapezius during Shoulder External Rotation vol.32, pp.2, 2013, https://doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2020.32.2.101