• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.8-15
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the wood qualities for the end-use development of sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) grown in Korea. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The average length of wood fibers was l.56mm and the average width of annual rings was 9.5mm. It had very fast growth rate. 2. The specific gravity in air-dry was 0.66. The shrinkage and water absorption were relatively large. The shear and impact strengthes were very strong, while the compressive, tensile, and bending strengthes were weak in comparison to it's specific gravity. 3. The contents of ash, holocellulose, lignin were relatively high 0.74%, 83.08%, 28.79%, but that of pentosan was low 18.53%. 4. The expected uses of sycamore wood are plywood. fancy veneer, small furniture, musical instrument, door and window frame, tool handels, boxes, etc.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.59-66
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop the automation bark peeling process of paper mulberry for making Hanji. Nowadays, almost raw material has been imported from south-east asia for making Hanji. Raw material dependence is very high for Hanji-making by low productivity in korea. This study is focused on the resolution for problem of bark peeling automation. Water and sand jet of compressed air was possible bark peeling for black bast fiber. The effect of removing black bast fiber increased the longer the steaming time. Also using drum of bark peeling showed that results under temperature $80^{\circ}C$ and Rpm 50/min were best bark peeling and separating bast fiber from stem. The contents of holocellulose, lignin, ethanol-benzene extractives, and ash were 91.63~95.55%, 1.4~2.0%, 1.12~1.65%, and 1.4~4.3%, respectively. Chemical characteristics are similar between imported raw-material with drum bark.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 2018

In the study, herbaceous biomass waste including giant miscanthus, corn stalk, and wheat stalk were used to prepare commercially valuable activated carbons by KOH activation. The waste biomass predominantly consists of cellulose/hemicellulose and lignin, in which decomposition after carbonization and activation contributed to commercially valuable specific surface areas (>$2000m^2/g$) and specific capacitances (>120 F/g) that exceeded those of commercial activated carbon. The significant electrochemical performance of the herbaceous biomass-derived activated carbons indicated the feasibility of utilizing waste biomass to fabricate energy storage materials. Furthermore, with respect to both economic and environmental perspectives, it is advantageous to obtain activated carbon from herbaceous biomass waste given the ease of handling biomass and the low production cost of activated carbon.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.83-91
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• 2001

This paper examines the structural characteristics of fern lignins (deer fern (Blechnum spicant), sword fern (Polystichum munitum) and maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum)) by chemical degradation methods of thioacidolysis and nitrobenzene oxidation as well as 13C NMR. Phloroglucinol-HCI staining indicates that the lignins are specifically accumulated at the sclerenchyma cells beneath the epidermis and vascular bundles. The fern lignins consist of only guaiacyl units. Remarkably, the frequency of the -O-4 linkages is extremely low in fern lignins (only 9 to 11 %). Furthermore, the presence of lignin is ambiguous in maidenhair fern, due to very rare amount of -O-4 linkage. Biphenyl (5-5) and 1,2 bis arylpropane (-1) are main condensed dimeric substructures in fern lignins over 70%. In addition, 13C NMR analysis strongly evidenced the integration of phenolics or their derivatives into the fern lignins.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.92-99
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• 1991

According to our secondary school curriculum for natural science and technical circles, there be used 353 of chemical reagents including 24 kinds of harmful and toxicant components. At present, most school are discharging their school laboratory waste water without any chemical and physical treatments. So as to solve the environmental problem for water pollution, this study tried to research a kind of adsorbant utilizing saw dust, wasted wood sources and designed the simple processing system using the adsorbent. This adsorbent was made by extracting lignin substances from raw saw dust under the solution of 0.5N-NaOH at the temperature of $100^{\circ}C$. Their metal removed rates was measured not only by processing of column and vessel. but also by comparing the standard solution and real waste water. The results were proved as more than 90(%) of the adsorptive efficiency on the average from Pb, Cd, Cu except Cr(VI)in case of the school experimental waste water soaked in vessels a long with 4g of the adsorbent for 24 hours. The new processing system enables to remove most harmful and toxicant metals by filtering, sedimenting and adsorbing at the low cost.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2005

TO select the most suitable crop and variety of forage for nutrient quality at the southern part of Korea, the crop of wheat, barley and rye were grown from Oct. 1999 to June 2000. Paldanghomil variety of rye crop was shown to have the highest chemical components in comparison to other varieties of crops used in this experiment. It showed relatively high content of crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and low content of NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin. Therefore, it was concluded that paldanghomil of rye crop was the most suitable variety with high weight and high nutrient quality for forage in the southern part of Korea. The heritabilities of all nutrient quality characters were estimated to be high.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.285-290
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• 2006

As an alternative method to solve air pollution problem and difficulty of pulp bleaching of kraft pulping process, NaOH-Urea pulping was applied. The properties of NaOH-Urea pulp were compared to those of NaOH and kraft pulps. Addition of urea in low alkali charges retarded delignification rate compared to NaOH pulping. But, in high alkali application, delignification was significantly enhanced not from the addition of urea but from the high alkalinity. It was disclosed that urea did not participate on delignification reaction by the experiment using lignin model compound. Compared to paper strengths at the same level of sheet density, NaOH-Urea pulp gave as almost same breaking length and tensile index as those of kraft pulp. Especially tensile energy absorption and burst index were higher than those of kraft pulp.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2019

L-Arabinose, a five carbon sugar, has not been considered as an important bioresource because most studies have focused on D-xylose, another type of five-carbon sugar that is prevalent as a monomeric structure of hemicellulose. In fact, L-arabinose is also an important monomer of hemicellulose, but its content is much more significant in pectin (3-22%, g/g pectin), which is considered an alternative biomass due to its low lignin content and mass production as juice-processing waste. This review presents native and engineered microorganisms that can ferment L-arabinose. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is highlighted as the most preferred engineering host for expressing a heterologous arabinose pathway for producing ethanol. Because metabolic engineering efforts have been limited so far, with this review as momentum, more attention to research is needed on the fermentation of L-arabinose as well as the utilization of pectin-rich biomass.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

Biomass, a carbon-neutral fuel, has great advantages because it can replace fossil fuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, due to its low density, high water content, and hydrophilicity, biomass has disadvantages for transportation and storage. To improve these properties, a pretreatment process of biomass is required. One of the various pre-treatment technologies, torrefacion, makes biomass similar to coal through low-temperature pyrolysis. In this study, torrefacion treatment was carried out at 200, 230, 250, 280, and $300^{\circ}C$ for wood pellet, empty fruit bunch (EFB) and kenaf, and the feasibility of replacing coal with fuel was examined. Hygroscopicity tests were conducted to analyze the hydrophobicity of biomass, and its chemical structure changes were investigated using Infrared spectrum analysis. It was confirmed that the hygroscopicity was decreased gradually as the torrefacion temperature increased according to the hygroscopicity tests. The hydrophilicity was reduced according to the pyrolysis of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin of biomass.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.269-275
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• 1989

The study was conducted to compare the components such as proximate composition, total dietary fiber(TDF) content, acid detergent fiber(ADF) content, lignin, water binding capacity(WBC), amino acid composition and lipid components from brown Job's tears, dehulled Job's tears, brown Yeomjoo and bran of Job's tears. The results from this study are summerized as follows: Total dietary fiber(TDF) content of Job's tears, brown Job's tears, brown Yeomjoo and bran of Job's tears were 2.70%, 3.86%, 4.33% and 13.3% each. Water-binding capacity(WBC) of TDF and ADF were $2.63{\pm}0.02g\;H_2O/g$ TDF and $5.89{\pm}0.15g\;H_2O/g$ ADF each. In amono acids composition of samples, glutamic acid content was the highest and the next was leucine. Chemical score of leucine in dehulled Job's tears was very high(189), in contrast lysine was very low$(22{\sim}23)$ So lysine was a first limitting amino acid in Job's tears and Yeomjoo. Neutral lipid contents were 90.89%-96.55%, glycolipid contents were 2.35%-7.48% and phospholipid contents were very low. The major fatty acids of lipid fractions were palmitic acid. oleic acid and linoleic acid.