• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

낮은 동작전압에서 안정하게 동작하고 고효율을 갖는 단층 폴리머 녹색광소자를 갖는 새로운 물질을 합성하였으며 이는 폴리머물질인 PC(B79)에 유기단분자인 전자수송성이 ?어난 NIDI와 정공수송성이 뛰어난 TTA를 분자분산하여 첨가색소인 C6의 도핑농도에 변화를 주어 스핀코팅으로 녹색발광소자를 제작하였다. 소자 구조는 glass/ITO/PC:TTA:NIDI:C6/cathode이고 음극전극으로 일함수가 낮은 Ca과 Mg 그리고 Ca/Al을 진공증착하여 전기적${\cdot}$광학적 특성을 비교조사하였다. C6의 도핑농도가 0.08mole%에서 양자효율이 최대인 0.52%를 얻었고 이것은 도핑하지 않을때보다 약 50배 높았고, 동작개시전압도 2.4V의 낮은 동작 개시전압에서 안정하게 동작하였다. 한편 PL과 EL측정결과 C6의 도핑농도를 변화하여도 발광파장의 최대값은 거의 일정하였다. PL강도의 최대발광파장은 495nm였고 EL강도의 최대발광파장은 520nm이고 FWHM은 약 70nm를 얻었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.380-384
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• 2013

In this paper, we have developed a low temperature process to make two type of paste by using $TiO_2$ nanoparticles(P25). The interconnections between substrate and $TiO_2$ films or link between particles of free-binder paste(FP1, FP2, FP3) is very poor. Therefore, the Titanium(IV) isopropoxide was added to the TP paste to improve the interconnection. Electron transport time (${\tau}_t$) and recombination time (${\tau}_r$) are analyzed by IMPS (intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy) and IMVS(Intensity-modulated photovoltage spectroscopy). In the results, ${\tau}_t$ of TP paste based DSSCs (about $4.3{\times}10^{-3}$) is faster than other samples. ${\tau}_r$ is longer from $2.7{\times}10^{-2}$ s of FP2 to $3.0{\times}10^{-2}$ s of TP. A solar conversion efficiency (DSSCs) of TP is 3.54% for an incident solar energy of 100 mW $cm^{-2}$(meanwhile, 2.70% for DSSCs with FP2). The conversion efficiency is increased by 1.3 times.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.403-410
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• 2002

Several ways of curing are being tried to improve material's properties and reduce marginal gap. However, all are considering about the pattern of light intensity. It was noted from the preliminary study the change of light wavelength from filter changing may give an impact on material's property and microleakage. The object of this study was to verify the effect of filters with various wavelength width on the microhardness and microleakage of composite resin ; hybrid type of DenFil and submicron hybrid type of Esthet X. Composite resins were cured using 3 kinds of filter; narrow-banded(465-475 nm), mid-banded(430-470 nm), wide-banded(400-500 nm). After the estimation of microhardness. degree of dye penetration and the maximum gap from SEM evaluation were done between 4 groups that showed no difference in microhardness value of the lower surface . The results were as follows : 1 Adequate microhardness could not be gained with a narrow-banded filter irrespective of curing time. At the upper surface, DenFil should be polymerized with middle or wide-banded filter for 20 seconds at least, while Esthet X be col$.$ed with middle or wide-banded filter for 30 seconds at least to get simitar hardness value to control group. 2. There was little dye penetration in enamel margin, but all dentin margins skewed much more dye penetration irrespective of curing conditions. Although there was no statistical difference, groups cured with mid-banded filter for 40 seconds and with wide-width filter for 20 seconds showed relatively less dye penetration. 3. It was revealed from the SEM examination that group cured with wide-banded filter had the smallest gap without statistical significance. Spearman's rho test showed that the correlation between the results of dye penetration and SEM examination was very low. From these results, it could be concluded that curing with wide-width filter would be better than the other techniques, even though the curing technique using mid-width filter seems to have its own unique advantage.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.551-557
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• 2017

헤어(Hair)의 연출은 현대인의 개성 창출을 위한 요소로 작용하고 있으나 염색(Dye), 펌(Prem) 등과 같은 반복적인 화학 시술은 모발 손상을 초래하게 된다. 손상을 줄이기 위한 화학 시술 방법으로 헤어 트리트먼트(hair treatment)에 대한 중요성이 크게 부각되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 염색 시, 헤어 트리트먼트의 사용이 실제 모발의 형태학적 손상도와 모발 내의 유독성 미네랄과 필수 미네랄의 수치에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 확인하기 위해, 20대 전 후반 5명의 모발(normal hair, NH)을 채취하여 염색 전 모발(NH), 염색 모발(dye hair, DH), 염색제와 헤어 트리트먼트 혼합 모발(dye with treatment hair, DTH)의 형태학적 손상도를 관찰하였으며, 모발 속 중금속 및 미네랄(mineral) 함량분석을 통하여 염모제와 헤어 트리트먼트에 의한 모발 내 중금속 변화를 조사하였다. 모발의 형태학적 영향은 DTH 모발에서 DH나 NH에 비하여 큐티클 형태의 배열이 대체적으로 균일하게 보여 지며, 들뜸이 차분해지고 선이 매끄럽게 관찰 되어 손상도가 적게 관찰되었다. 미네랄 함량의 농도 부분에서는 대체적으로 균형범위에 있었으나 유독성 미네랄 부분에서는 바륨(Ba), 영양미네랄 부분에서는 Na, Ca, Mg의 농도가 NH모발, DH모발, DTH모발에서 균형범위보다 높게 나타났다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2010

Purpose: Blow-out fractures are reduced through transcutaneous or transconjunctival incisions. But the field of orbital surgery is difficult due to lack of visualization of fracture site, blind dissection of orbital floor, susceptibility of injury of orbital structures. In these situations, the former technique of using an antral balloon catheter has advantages over other methods for reconstruction because of its rapidity, simplicity, and inexpensiveness. Furthermore, the antral balloon catheter allows not only elevation of the orbital bone fragment but also expansion of the maxillary sinus in cases where there is a fracture of its walls. But postoperative follow-up method using computed tomography is expensive. Hence, we report a simple and inexpensive follow-up method using radiopaque dye inflation. Methods: We performed endoscopic transantral approach in 5 cases of blow-out fracture under general anesthesia. To accomplish this technique, a rigid 4 mm, 0 or 30 degree angled endoscopy was inserted into the maxillary sinus. Inflation of the catheter started gradually, with 10 to 15 mL of saline mixed radiopaque dye (saline: dye, 5 : 1) by syringe and while observing the elevation of the fracture site with endoscope until a proper contour was reached. For the maintain of the position of fractured site, 12 French urinary balloon foley catheter were used in fracture site for 7 - 10 days. Results: Postoperative assessment was performed by means of clinical and simple radiographic examination to secure the catheter under the inferior orbital wall and in the maxillary sinus. No specific complications occurred related to this procedure. Results of the surgery and follow-up in all cases were satisfactory. Conclusion: It may be a better alternative to the conventional follow-up method, with less cost and effectiveness of the catheter patency. The advantages of using the urinary balloon foley catheter with the radiopaque dye include the following : it is safe, efficacy, simple, and especially low cost. On drawback of this method is the discomfort to the patient caused by the catheter during the treatment.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2012

Jacquard floor covering could be prepared from low-melting/regular sheath-core hybrid polyester, where the fiber is dyed in yarn state. With regard that the expected high shrinkage of the hybrid polyester in water makes problems in yarn dyeing, low-temperature dyeing properties of the hybrid polyester were studied. The rate of shrinkage of low-melting hybrid polyester exceeds 9% in hot water above $90^{\circ}C$, at such condition, cheese yarn dyeing is very difficult. Although disperse dyes exhaust in a relatively high speed on low-melting hybrid polyester, diffusion of these dyes to the core regular polyester was extremely slow under $90^{\circ}C$. Foron Blue E-BL 150, an anthraquinone E-type disperse dye, showed appreciable diffusion after 48hrs dyeing at $90^{\circ}C$. The fastness to rubbing and drycleaning were improved by one grade after reduction cleaning.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2009년도 학술발표대회
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• pp.175-176
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• 2009

Energy saving and environment-friendly dyeing method of cotton with reactive dyes is the ultra low liquor ratio dyeing because it reduces the total quantity of water, dye, salt and alkali during the dyeing process in the effluent as well as the energy consumption. However, this method may not guarantee the quality of the dyeing results due to the specs or unlevel dyeing depending upon the dyes used. The study has focused on the effect of leveling agents in the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes under the ultra low liquor ratio (1:5). Especially Sunfix N/B MF-D which was selected for ULLR showed low-leveled dyeing comparing with the other MF-D series. A leveling agent having polycarbonate structure increased LDF values of Sunfix N/B MF-D without changing of dyeing fastness. We recommend some leveling agents to improve the leveling behavior for ULLR dyeing.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1993

The complex nature of low flow mixing in natural channels has been investigated using both laboratory experiments and the numerical solution of a proposed mathematical model that is based on a set of mass balance equations describing the mixing and mass exchange mechanisms. Laboratory experiments, which involved collection of channel geometry, hydraulic, and dye dispersion test data, were conducted in a model of four pool and riffle sequences in a 49-m long tilting flume. The experimental results show that flow over the model pool-riffle sequences is highly non-uniform. Concentration-time curves are significantly skewed with long tails. Comparison between measured and predicted concentration-time curves shows good agreement in the general shape, peak concentration and time to peak. The proposed model shows significant improvement over the conventional one-dimensional dispersion model in predicting natural mixing processes in open channels under low flow conditions through pools and riffles.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

The dyeability of cotton fabrics treated with liquid ammonia was investigated using low-temperature and high-temperature reactive dyes. From the results of dyeing rates of direct dye, the inversion time was shown at 600 hours at $40^{\circ}C$, and however it was shown at 10 minutes at $80^{\circ}C$. This was applied to reactive dyeings. In the low-temperature reactive dyes, the color strength of the fabrics treated with liquid ammonia was lower than that of mercerized fabrics. By contrast, in the high-temperature reactive dyes, the color strength of the fabrics treated with liquid ammonia was higher than that of mercerized one.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-11
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• 2001

Fundamental studies at the CSIRO division of Wool technology and ICI on the diffusion of dyes into wool〔1,2〕have let to development of a new approach to wool dyeing. In this method, the cell membrane complex of wool is modified before dyeing by treatment under mildly alkaline conditions with a special chemicals. Wool pretreated with ethoxylated quaternary ammonium salt has an increased rate of dyebath exhaustion and dye penetration early in the dyeing cycle. This enables the treated material to be dyed below the boil for a similar time to the conventional cycle. This technique can be used on untreated and shrinkresist-treated wool and wool/nylon blends. In addition to good macro-levelness and excellent coverage of tippiness, the low temperature dyeing process give higher exhaustion levels of dyestuffs and insect-resist agent and hence cleaner effluent liquors, compared with conventional dyeing process. Low Temperature Dyeing process cause significantly less fiber damage than conventional way. The reduction in damage is reflected in improved processing performance of the dyed wool.