• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.177-183
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• 1999

This study attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education on a weight control prog-ram. The major components of nutrition education in this program held for 8 weekly sessions were the general nutrition information about the diets especially low fat high carbohydrate hypocaloric diets methods of increasing physical activity strategies for the maintenace of proper body weight and other information related to the prevention of obesity. Twenty five female college students participated in this program. All subjects were randomly assigned to the Nutrition Education (NE) group or the Diet Only (DO) group. Mean energy intake of the NE group was 1,230kcal(CHO:61% PRO:15% FAT:24%) DO group consumed 1,472kcal(CHO:58%, PRO:16% FAT:26%). The NE group lost 3.3$\pm$0.7kg of body weight. In contrast the DO group lost 1.8$\pm$0.6kg The NE group experienced a significant decrease in cholesterol LDL-cholesterol level however the DO group significantly increased in triglyceride. The results of this study suggest that progressive nutrition education in a weight control program might re-duce body weight and serum lipids concentration.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.188-192
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• 1999

To study effects of methanol extract of prosomillet on lopid metabolism , five groups of male Sprang-Dawley rats weighing 116$\pm$9 g were fed test diets for four weeks. The five diets consisted of one low fat(5% w/w) diet containing starch as carbohydrate source(normal) and four high fat diets(15% w/w) containing 40.5%(w/w)sucrose(control) and additional 80% nethanol extractof prosomillet at the levels of 0.3% and 1%(w/w) or prosomillet powder at the level of 20%(w/w). Serum level of total cholesterol was a little higher but that of triglyceride was 41% lower in 20% (w/w) prosomillet powder group than in the control group. The cholesterol levels of two Liver cholesterol levels were lower and phospolipid levels higher in all three prosomillet powder group . Fecal excretionof bile acid was most increased in the prosomillet powder group among all five test groups. Acitivity of liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase was significantly lower in 0.3% methanol extract fed group than the control and also appeared to be reduced in 1% extract fed one, wherease those of 20 cholesterol 7$\alpha$-hydroxylase were not different among the five groups. Activities of liver cytosilic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH) and malic enzyme were decreased in 0.3% prosomillet methanol extract and 20% powder groups. The results indicate that in addition to fiber, certain active components in prosomillet have potential to exert hypolipidemic effects via regulating hepatic cholesterogenesis and lipogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.580-587
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• 2010

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary water-soluble carbohydrate extract from Renga renga lily (Arthropodium cirratum) and a commercial product, $Frutafit^{{\circledR}}$ (both fructans) on the performance, organ weights, ileal digestibility and gut morphology of male Cobb broiler chickens. There were six treatment groups: a negative control with no supplements, a positive control supplemented with 45 ppm Zn-bacitracin, and four test diets each supplemented with Renga renga lily extract or Frutafit at 5 or 10 g/kg diet. Supplementation with low levels of Renga renga lily extract and Frutafit in the diet did not affect productive parameters, whereas the inclusion of a high level of Frutafit had a negative effect on BWG and FI compared with birds fed the negative control diet. The addition of an antibiotic to the diet significantly improved (p<0.05) the BWG and FCR of broilers. Apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, starch, protein and fat was not affected (p>0.05) by supplementation with both levels of lily extract and the low level of Frutafit. The apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, protein and fat was decreased (p<0.05) by the high level of Frutafit. The apparent metabolisable energy (AME) of the diets fed the high level of Frutafit was approximately 0.2 MJ/kg DM lower than that of the negative control group. The addition of Zn-bacitracin increased (p<0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility of fat. The relative weight of the liver was higher (p<0.05) in broilers supplemented with the high level of Frutafit than for negative control birds at 14 and 35 d of age. Feeding Renga renga lily extract or Frutafit had no effect on the gut morphology of birds on d 14 and 35. It can be concluded that dietary inclusion of fructans from the two sources used in this study affected broiler performance differently and in a dose-dependent manner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.952-960
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of carbohydrate source and cottonseed meal level in the concentrate on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in swamp buffaloes. Four, 4-yr old rumen fistulated swamp buffaloes were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments according to a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Factor A was carbohydrate source; cassava chip (CC) and CC+rice bran at a ratio 3:1 (CR3:1), and factor B was level of cottonseed meal (CM); 109 g CP/kg (LCM) and 328 g CP/kg (HCM) in isonitrogenous diets (490 g CP/kg). Buffaloes received urea-treated rice straw ad libitum and supplemented with 5 g concentrate/kg BW. It was found that carbohydrate source did not affect feed intake, nutrient intake, digested nutrients, nutrient digestibility, ammonia nitrogen concentration, fungi and bacterial populations, or microbial protein synthesis (p>0.05). Ruminal pH at 6 h after feeding and the population of protozoa at 4 h after feeding were higher when buffalo were fed with CC than in the CR3:1 treatment (p<0.05). Buffalo fed with HCM had a lower roughage intake, nutrient intake, population of total viable and cellulolytic bacteria and microbial nitrogen supply than the LCM fed group (p<0.05). However, nutrient digestibility, ruminal pH, ammonia concentration, population of protozoa and fungi, and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were not affected by cottonseed meal levels (p>0.05). Based on this experiment, concentrate with a low level of cottonseed meal could be fed with cassava chips as an energy source in swamp buffalo receiving rice straw.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.497-503
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• 2004

The effect of adding carbohydrate-rich feedstuffs to sweet potato leaves (SPL) on silage quality was studied using a total of 180 laboratory silos. Silage quality was assessed by changes of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_{3}$-N). Pre-wilted SPL was mixed with cassava root meal (CRM), sweet potato root meal (SPM) or sugar cane molasses (Mo) at levels of 0, 30, 60 and 90 g $kg^{-1}$ (air-dry weight of additives to pre-wilted weight of SPL). Samples for assessing silage quality were collected after mixing the SPL with the additive and thereafter at 7, 14, 28 and 56 days of ensiling. There was a marked decrease in pH after 7 days and the pH remained low and stable until day 56. Addition of 60 and 90 g $kg^{-1}$ resulted in a lower pH (p<0.05) than the other treatments. The DM content of the silage increased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of additive, while there were no differences in DM with time of ensiling. The CP content of the silage decreased (p<0.05) with increasing levels of additive. The CP content did not change up to 28 days, but was lower (p<0.05) after 56 days in all treatments. The $NH_{3}$-N levels were increasing (p<0.05) with time of ensiling, and were lower (p<0.05) with additive levels of 60 g $kg^{-1}$ or higher. Also, the additive source affected the $NH_{3}$-N values, with the lowest values found for Mo. Castrated male pigs (Large White$\times$Mongcai) were used in 4$\times$4 Latin square design to study the total tract digestibility and nitrogen (N) utilisation of diets with inclusion of ensiled SPL. The diets were based on cassava root meal with inclusion of protein from either fish meal (C) or SPL ensiled with CRM (D1), SPL ensiled with SPM (D2) and SPL ensiled with Mo (D3). The digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM) and CP were higher (p<0.05), and the digestibility of crude fibre (CF) was lower (p<0.05), in diet C than in diets D1, D2 and D3. However, there were no differences (p>0.05) in digestibility of dietary components between diets D1, D2 and D3. Also, the excretion of N in faeces was higher (p<0.05) and the N retention was lower (p<0.05) in diets D1, D2 and D3 than in diet C. It can be concluded from the present experiments, that a good quality silage can be produced from pre-wilted SPL by addition of 60 g $kg^{-1}$ of either CRM, SPM or Mo. Diets with inclusion of 450 g ensiled SPL $kg^{-1}$ DM showed a high digestibility of dietary components and thus ensiled SPL should be considered as a potential feed resource for growing pigs.

• 한국가금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가금학회 2000년도 제17차 정기총회 및 학술발표
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• pp.14-35
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• 2000

There have been growing interests in olive oil, which is attributed to the beneficial health effects of the Mediterranean diet. Numerous studies suggest that oleic acid, the major fatty acid in olive oil, may contribute to less incidence of coronary heart disease(CHD) in the Mediterranean area. Although the major effects of high monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) consumption on lowered plasma cholesterol are generally attributed to the consequential replacement of saturated fatty acid in diets, some studies have shown a modest cholesterol lowering effect of MUFA alone when it replaces dietary carbohydrate at an equal amount of energy. Furthermore, MUFA increases the level of the protective high-density lipoprotein cholesterol more than polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) does when these two classes of fatty acids replace carbohydrates in the diet. It has been generally recommended that optimal dietary fat should be rich in MUFA, such as oleic acid, low in saturated fatty acids and provide adequate amounts of PUFA. However, no conclusive observations have been made yet mainly due to a difficulty in controlling the proportion of oleic acid without adjusting the levels of the other fatty acids to be constant, which could also affect plasma cholesterol levels. Recent findings also suggest that dietary PUFA results in higher tendency toward lipid peroxidation whereas with MUFA the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative stress is reduced. More studies are needed to clarify the effects of MUFA on reducing the incidence of CHD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2014

우리나라 대다수 노인이 고 탄수화물 식사를 하고 있고, 고 탄수화물 식사가 만성질환의 위험과 관련될 수 있다고 보고되었다. 이에 본 연구는 한국 노인에서 탄수화물 에너지비 수준에 따른 만성질환 위험성을 파악하고자 2007~2009년 제4기 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 65세 이상 노인 3,917명을 대상으로 1일 에너지 섭취량이 500~5,000 kcal에 속하면서, 고혈압, 당뇨, 고지혈증, 뇌졸중, 심근경색 또는 협심증, 빈혈로 치료받는 자를 제외한 1,535명에 대한 자료를 분석하였다. 식사의 탄수화물 에너지비가 55~70%인 적정군과 70%를 초과한 과다군의 두 군으로 대상자를 분류하여 영양섭취상태와 만성질환의 위험 비율을 비교하였다. 모든 자료는 제4기 국민건강영양조사의 가중치를 적용한 후 성, 거주지역, 소득수준, 교육수준 또는 에너지 섭취량을 보정하여 일반선형모델을 사용하여 분석하였다. 만성질환 위험도는 로지스틱 회귀모형을 적용하여 만성질환 위험요인의 판별기준치에 따라 위험군의 백분율과 교차비를 구하고 ${\alpha}$ = 0.05 수준에서 유의성을 검토하였다. 1) 전체 대상자 중 탄수화물 과다군이 81.4%로 적정군에 비해 4배 이상 많았다. 과다군에 남자보다는 여자가 많았고, 읍면에 거주하고, 소득수준과 교육수준이 낮은 사람이 많았다. 2) 체질량 지수에서는 두 군 간에 차이가 없었으나, 체중, 허리둘레, 이완기 혈압이 과다군에 비해 적정군에서 높았다. 3) 탄수화물비 과다군에서 육류 및 난류, 우유 및 유제품, 주류의 섭취 빈도가 낮았고, 반면에 서류의 섭취 빈도는 높았다. 남자에서는 탄수화물 적정군에서 육류 및 난류의 섭취빈도가 높았고, 여자에서는 육류 및 난류 외에도, 우유 및 유제품, 스낵류, 해조류의 섭취 빈도가 적정군에서 높았다. 4) 탄수화물: 단백질: 지방 에너지비는 과다군 79.87: 11.66: 8.46, 적정군 64.88: 16.18: 18.94로 두 군 간에 탄수화물비 외에도 단백질비와 지방비에 큰 차이가 있었고, 에너지 섭취량은 과다군의 1,492 kcal에 비해 적정군이 1,722 kcal로 높았다. 조섬유, 칼륨, 비타민 A, 카로틴, 비타민 C섭취량은 두군 간에 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 나머지 영양소-단백질, 지방, 칼슘, 인, 철분, 레티놀, 티아민, 리보플라빈, 나이아신, 수분-의 섭취량이 탄수화물 적정군에서 높았다. 5) 영양소적정섭취비 (NAR)와 영양밀도지수 (INQ) 역시 비타민 C를 제외한 모든 영양소에서 탄수화물 적정군이 높았다. 성별로 분석하였을 때에도 전체 대상자에서와 비슷한 경향이었으나, 특히 칼슘, 리보플라빈의 영양소적정섭취비와 영양밀도지수가 여자 탄수화물 과다군에서 매우 낮았다. 6) 탄수화물 적정군에서 과다군에 비해 여성은 복부비만의 위험이 1.719배, 남자는 이상지질혈증의 위험이 2.094배 높았다. 이를 요약하면 탄수화물 과다군에서 동물성 식품의 섭취빈도가 낮고 에너지 및 다수 영양소의 섭취량이 낮아 영양부족의 우려가 있으나 빈혈 위험도에는 차이가 없었고, 남자에서는 이상지질혈증, 여자에서는 복부비만의 위험이 탄수화물 적정군에 비해 낮게 나타나서 탄수화물 과다군에서 만성질환의 위험이 높고 빈혈 위험이 높으리라는 연구 가설과는 일치하지 않는 결과를 나타내었다. 추후 이에 대한 확인과 함께, 노인 연령층을 일반 성인층에서 분리하여 만성질환 위험을 낮추는데 도움을 줄 수 있는 노인의 적정 탄수화물 에너지비 설정을 위한 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.10-24
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• 1977

The effects of dietary cellulose to utilize the intake nutrients in the albino rats were investigated by the two consecutive experiments in this study. The author wanted to observe the effects of the age of animals and different level of dietary cellulose, high and low in the first experiment and the effects of dietary cellulose from three different sources, rice bran, vegetable and pure-cellulose at high level in the second experiment. The results were summarized as follows. (1) The obvious effect of dietary cellulose caused to increase feces weight. Consequently apparent digestibilities of intake nutrients in the diet decreased. It was noteworthy that fecal glucose excretion was significantly affected by cellulose intake. Since three nutrients, protein, fat and carbohydrate serve as energy sources in the body, this result can be interpreted to be lowered in the efficiency of energy utilization out of intake from the diet. (2) The nutrients loss due to dietary cellulose resulted in reduction of skeletal muscle and bone weights which lead eventually to affect in reduction of body weight. (3) The effects of dietary cellulose showed differently according to the amount of cellulose ingested, dietary nutrients composition, the kinds of dietary cellulose supplemented and the age of experimental animals. When the intake diet was proportionately imbalanced in three different energy sources, carbohydrate, fat and protein, the cellulose intake was adversely affected in the utilization of the nutrients in the body. Cellulose from rice bran decreased body weight gain, cellulose from vegetable maintained medium level in body weight and pure-cellulose increased body weight. Growing rats showed more sensitive effects of cellulose tolerance in the body than grown rats in every concerns of this experiment.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the utilization of Sargassum meal in the diet on juvenile ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) reared in seawater. White fish meal and wheat flour were used as the dietary protein and carbohydrate sources in the control diet. Wheat flour in the control diet was replaced with $5\%$ and $10\%$ Sargassum meal. Three replicate groups of fish average weighing 4.0 g were fed one of three isonitrogenous$(45\%)$ and isocaloric (14.5 MJ /kg diet) diets for 7 weeks. Survival of all groups were above $80\%$. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly affected by dietary Sargassum meal levels (P>0.05). There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash and fatty acid compositions of whole-body fish among groups. It is concluded that Sargassum meal could be used as a dietary additive or alternative low-cost dietary ingredient up to $10\%$ for juvenile ayu reared in seawater.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2008

사료내 다양한 사료 첨가제 공급에 따른 전복의 성장과 스트레스(공기중 노출, 급격한 온도 변화 및 급격한 염분 변화)에 대한 전복의 내성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 21개의 직사각형 50 L 플라스틱 용기에 각각 70 마리의 치패(시작시 무게 4.2 g)를 수용하여 3개의 1.3톤 raceway에 분산 수용하였다. 다양한 원료의 사료첨가제를 이용하여 6종류의 실험사료 [대조구 (CON), 녹차부산물 첨가(BPC), 무화과엑기스 첨가(EF), 녹차엑기스 첨가(EG), 시판용 해록상품 첨가(PH) 및 Haematococcus 첨가(HC)]를 제조하였으며, 이들 실험사료의 유용성을 평가하기 위하여 건조 다시마(ST)를 공급하는 실험구와 비교하였다. 실험사료는 어분, 대두박 및 새우머리분을 주요 단백질원으로 공급하였으며, 덱스트린, 다시마분말 및 소맥분을 주요 탄수화물원으로 공급하였으며, 대두유와 어유를 주요 지질원으로 공급하여 주었다. 전복은 1일 1회 사료가 조금씩 남아서 만복시까지 먹게끔 충분한 양의 사료를 공급하여 주었다. 각 실험구는 3반복구를 두었으며, 총 사육기간은 16주간이었다. 16주간의 사육실험 종료후, 각 실험 구에서 생존한 전복은 10마리씩 무작위로 추출하여 공기노출, 급격한 온도 변화 및 급격한 염분변화의 스트레스를 주어서 이들의 누적폐사율을 조사하였다. 16주간의 사육실험 종료시 전복의 생존율은 다시마를 공급한 실험구에서 가장 높았다. 그러나 전복의 체중증가는 무화과엑기스, 녹차엑기스 및 해록상품을 첨가한 실험사료를 공급한 실험구에서 녹차부산물 첨가한 시험구 또는 다시마를 공급한 실험구에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 전복의 각장은 다시마를 공급한 실험구에 비하여 실험용 사료를 공급한 모든 실험구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다 다양한 형태의 스트레스에 노출시 전복의 누적폐사율은 다시마를 공급한 실험 구에서 낮게 나타났으며, Haematococcus 첨가구 및 무화과엑기스 첨가구에서도 비교적 낮은 전복의 폐사율을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 고려할 때, 본 실험에 이용된 다양한 사료첨가제는 전복의 성장을 개선시키는데 효과적이며, 특히 Haematococcus와 무화과엑기스는 다양한 형태의 스트레스의 내성을 개선시키는 사료 첨가제로서 이용 가능한 것으로 판단된다.