• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.80-89
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• 1996

The expression and secretion of human lactoferrin (hLf) in Sacclnromyces diastaticus were performed. 1. For the secretion of hLf in yeast, recombinant plasmid pYEGLf was constructed using promoter, secretion signal sequence of glucoamylase I gene (STA1) and transcriptional terminator of GAL7 gene. 2. Each correct recombinant plasmid was selected by mini-preparation of plasmid DNA from E coli transformant and restriction enzyme digestion analysis. The selected plasmids, pYEGLf, were transformed into S. diastaticus YIY345 as a expression host, respectively. 3. Western blot analysis using rabbit anti-hLf was carried out to identify expressed hLf. Positive signals were shown in culture supernatant of pYEGLf transformant. 4. About $100{\mu}g-1mg$ of concentrated culture supernatant of positive clone were loaded on paper disc and tested for the antimicrobial activity against E coli. However, no activity was observed. We concluded that this fact results from low concentration of hLf secreted from yeast, compared with the fact that MIC of hLf is as high as $3mg/m{\ell}$. Therefore, the purification of secreted hLf may be require to investigate the antimicrobial activity. From this study, the feasibility of low-cost production of sufficient quantities of human lactofferin for nutritional and therapeutical applications were suggested.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

Background: Ketamine has an indirect sympathetic stimulation effect. We investigated heart rate variability (HRV) as a marker of cardiac autonomic function after a target controlled infusion (TCI) of ketamine with a plasma concentration of 30 or 60 ng/ml. Methods: In 20 adult volunteers, the mean of the R wave to the adjacent R wave interval (RRI), the range of RRI, the root mean square successive difference of intervals (RMSSD), the total power, the low frequency (LF, 0.04-0.15 Hz) power, the high frequency (HF, 0.15-0.4 Hz) power, the normal unit HF (nuHF), the normal unit LF (nuLF), the LF/HF ratio and the SD1 and the SD2 in the Poincare plot were measured before and after a TCI of ketamine. We observed for any psychedelic symptoms or sedation. Results: There were no differences in the mean and range of the RRI, RMSSD, total power, LF power, HF power, nuHF, nuLF, LF/HF ratio, SD1 and SD2 between before and after ketamine administration. The OAA/S score was higher and there were more psychedelic symptoms with a 60 ng/ml plasma concentration than with a 30 ng/ml plasma concentration. Conclusions: This study did not show any effect of a low plasma concentration of ketamine on the autonomic nervous system.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.135-138
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• 2009

Most of the studies use model order reduction for low frequency (LF) response analysis due to their high computational efficiency. In LF response analysis, one of model order reduction, algebraic substructuring (AS) retains all LF modes when using the modal superposition. However, in mid-frequency (MF) response analysis, the LF modes make very little contribution and also increase the number of retained modes, which leads to loss of computational efficiency. Therefore, MF response analysis should consider low truncated modes to improve the computational efficiency. The current work is focused on improving the computational efficiency using a AS and a frequency sweep algorithm. Finite element simulation for a MEMS resonator array showed that the performance of the presented method is superior to a conventional method.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2013

This study was to know the effects of massage on the back region in order to reduce stress in middle age women. To investigate the effects of massage to the stress levels of middle aged women, we evaluated blood pressure (BP), heart rate variability (HRV), and ultrasonography before and after back massage. The blood pressure after massage was reduced when compared to that of pre-massage. The HRV spectrum analysis was used Frequency domain analysis such as Mean HRV, normalized low frequency (norm LF), norm high frequency (norm HF), and LF/HF ratio. Post-massage BP tended to be low, but not statistical significant. After Massage, the Mean HRV, norm LF, and LF/HF ratio were significantly reduced, while norm HF was significantly increased as compared with pre-massage. The muscle layer and fat layer were significantly diminished by massage. The study was suggested that massage may be an effective treatment for relief of stress.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2010

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) acts as a control system functioning largely below the level of consciousness, and controls visceral functions. The activity of the ANS has been assessed by means of the heart rate variability (HRV). It has been reported that HRV is dependent on sex, age, body mass index, and smoking, etc. However, the effects of posture and sleep deprivation on HRV have rarely been reported. Objective of our work was to find out which posture is appropriate for stable HRV. We measured the number of sleep deprivation and HRV using power spectrum in six stages for 30 minutes. Increased low frequency (LF) power and high frequency (HF) power indicate enhanced sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, respectively. We determined the LF/HF ratio to minimize individual difference. It was found that sleep deprivation by awakening up subjects was affected by posture, which resulted in changes of LF/HF. Although LF/HF varied with time, it was more stable in sitting than in supine. In conclusion, we recommend sitting posture when measuring HRV because of less sleep deprivation resulting in less variation in LF/HF.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2009

Iron binding lactoferrin (Lf) is involved in the control of cell cycle progression. However, the molecular basis underlying the effects of Lf on cell cycle control, as well as its target genes, remains incompletely understood. In this study, we have demonstrated that a relatively low level of ironsaturated Lf, Lf($Fe^{3+}$), can stimulate S phase cell cycle entry, and requires Akt activation in MCF-7 cells. Lf($Fe^{3+}$) immediately induced Akt phosphorylation at Ser473, which subsequently induced the phosphorylation of two G1-checkpoint Cdk inhibitors, $p21^{Cip/WAF1}$ and $p27^{kip1}$. The Lf($Fe^{3+}$)-induced phosphorylation of Cdk inhibitors impaired their nuclear import behavior, thereby inducing cell cycle progression. However, the treatment of cells with a PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, almost completely blocked Lf($Fe^{3+}$)-stimulated cell cycle progression. LY294002 treatment abrogated Lf($Fe^{3+}$)-induced Akt activation, and prevented the cytoplasmic localization of $p27^{kip1}$. Higher levels of $p21^{Cip/WAF1}$ were also detected in the cytoplasmic sub-cellular compartment as a measure of cellular response to Lf($Fe^{3+}$). Consequently, the degree of phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein was enhanced in response to Lf($Fe^{3+}$). Therefore, we conclude that Lf($Fe^{3+}$), as a potential antagonist of Cdk inhibitors, can facilitate the functions of E2F during progression to S phase via the Akt signaling pathway.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.777-787
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• 2018

Objective To examine the long-term effects of the low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF-rTMS) combined with task-specific training on paretic hand function following subacute stroke. Methods Sixteen participants were randomly selected and grouped into two: the experimental group (real LF-rTMS) and the control group (sham LF-rTMS). All the 16 participants were then taken through a 1-hour task-specific training of the paretic hand. The corticospinal excitability (motor evoke potential [MEP] amplitude) of the non-lesioned hemisphere, and the paretic hand performance (Wolf Motor Function Test total movement time [WMFT-TMT]) were evaluated at baseline, after the LF-rTMS, immediately after task-specific training, 1 and 2 weeks after the training. Results Groups comparisons showed a significant difference in the MEP after LF-rTMS and after the training. Compared to the baseline, the MEP of the experimental group significantly decreased after LF-rTMS and after the training and that effect was maintained for 2 weeks. Group comparisons showed significant difference in WMFT-TMT after the training. Only in the experimental group, the WMFT-TMT of the can lifting item significantly reduced compared to the baseline and the effect was sustained for 2 weeks. Conclusion The results of this study established that the improvement in paretic hand after task-specific training was enhanced by LF-rTMS and it persisted for at least 2 weeks.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.37.1-37.11
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• 2023

Forkhead box P3-positive (Foxp3⁺)-inducible Tregs (iTregs) are readily generated by TGF-β1 at low TCR signaling intensity. TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression is further enhanced by retinoic acid (RA) and lactoferrin (LF). However, the intensity of TCR signaling required for induction of Foxp3 expression by TGF-β1 in combination with RA and LF is unknown. Here, we found that either RA or LF alone decreased TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression at low TCR signaling intensity. In contrast, at high TCR signaling intensity, the addition of either RA or LF strongly increased TGF-β1-mediated Foxp3 expression. Moreover, decreased CD28 stimulation was more favorable for TGF-β1/LF-mediated Foxp3 expression. Lastly, we found that at high signaling intensities of both TCR and CD28, combined treatment with TGF-β1, RA, and LF induced robust expression of Foxp3, in parallel with powerful suppressive activity against responder T cell proliferation. Our findings that TGFβ/RA/LF strongly generate high affinity Ag-specific iTreg population would be useful for the control of unwanted hypersensitive immune reactions such as various autoimmune diseases.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

To inspect how the different sensitivities in BAS(or BIS) modulate on the HRV pattern stimulated by positive or negative affective sound, we measured the electrocardiogram(ECG) of 25 students(male : 14), consisted of 4 groups depending on the BAS(or BIS) sensitivity, during listening meditation music or being exposed to noise. The power spectral density(PSD) of HRV was derived from the ECG, and the power of HRV was calculated for 3 major frequency ranges(low frequency[LF], medium frequency[MF], and high frequency[HF]). We found that the index of MF/(LF+HF), during listening music, was higher significantly in the individuals with a low BIS but high BAS than in the individuals with a low sensitivity in both BIS and BAS. Especially in the former group, there was a tendency that the index was higher during listening music than during being exposed to noise. For individuals with a high BIS, regardless of the BAS sensitivity, the difference of this index values was not significant. From these results we suggest that individuals with a low BIS but high BAS are more sensitive to positive affective stimuli than other groups, and the index of MF/(LF+HF) is applicable to evaluate positive and negative affects.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

The study was compared for growth and yield of cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme) crops as affected by various homemade liquid fertilizer (LF), commonly applied in the environmentally friendly farmhouses. LF treatment included UT (untreatment, water), OC (oil cake), BF (bone+fish meal), FA (fish amino meal), SO (sesame oil meal), and SF (starfish). Seasonal pH and EC in SO- and SF-LF rapidly decreased at 30 days after the storage, which were the highest EC of 0.6 - 0.8 dS/m, followed by BF-LF with 0.4 dS/m EC. T-N concentration in LF was the highest on the SF (0.0062%), followed by SO (0.0059%) and BF materials (0.0030%), which were all the great for the K concentration in the LF. P and Ca concentrations were the highest on the FA-LF, with the highest Mg concentration observed on the vegetable SO-LF. Soil EC was the highest on the SF-LF plots of 0.74 dS/m, with no significant differences between the treatments observed on the macro-nutrient concentrations in the soil and leaf. Leaf dry weight, leaf temperature, stem diameter, and plant height were investigated at once per 15 days. UT-LF reduced the leaf dry weight at all the measurement time while the plant height was low at an initial measurement but increased and similar to the other homemade LF treatments at a later measurement. Fruit yield and average fruit weight were the lowest on the UT-LF plots at 75 days after fertigation. Fruit diameter was increased by the BF-LF and SF-LF, with the highest fruit soluble solid contents and fruit coloring observed on the FA-LF. BF-LF maintained high fruit firmness.