• 소음진동
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.629-635
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• 2000

Wheel /rail interaction has been known as a major source of railway noise. In this paper, a low noise wheel structure is developed and its effect on noise reduction is investigated. The developed low noise wheel employees a rubber material inserted into a steel rim or mounted on the wheel surface. Since the low noise wheel has low stiffness and high damping ratio compared to a solid wheel, the measurement results show that it reduces the rolling and squeal noise. It turns out that the proposed wheel could reduce interior noise level by 4∼5dB(A) and vehicle vibration level by 7∼10 dB. Although the proposed structure seems to be promising in noise reduction of railway vehicles, the low noise wheel is to be verified in endurance and cost effect.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2014

Purpose - This study investigated the effect of the negative affect on compulsive buying and the interaction effect of the negative affect depending on the level of mindfulness. Compulsive buying is defined as chronic, repetitive purchasing that becomes an overlearned and automatic way to cope with negative feelings, and compulsive buyers may be particularly susceptible to cognitive narrowing when shopping. Mindfulness may be defined as a coordinative regulatory process to increase the level of attention by recognizing the present experiences non-judgmentally. Hence, mindfulness can be related with negative psychological results such as general mental distress, especially compulsive buying. The purpose of the current study is to examine the relationship between compulsive buying and mindfulness. In another words, this study investigated the effect of the internal regulatory mechanism (that is, mindfulness) on the mental disorder resulting from negative affect in the area of consumption (that is, compulsive buying). Research design, data, and methodology - One hundred and twenty-five college students were recruited for this study. The subjects were classified into two groups according to the degree of the negative affect (High Negative Affect Group vs. Low Negative Affect Group) by the mean value of negative affect (=2.47). The subjects were classified into two other groups according to the degree of mindfulness (High Mindfulness Group vs. Low Mindfulness Group) by the mean value of mindfulness (= 3.47). To analyze the effect of negative affect on compulsive buying, the degree of compulsive buying of the High and Low Negative Affect Groups were compared. To examine the moderating effect of mindfulness by using factorial design, the interaction effect of the negative affect (High vs. Low) and the mindfulness (High vs. Low) were analyzed. Results - The degree of the compulsive buying was higher when the degree of the negative affect was higher than lower (3.06High Negative Affect Group vs. 2.87Low Negative Affect Group, p=.014). The difference in the degree of the compulsive buying was larger when the degree of the mindfulness was lower than higher. In other words, the interaction effect of the negative affect and the mindfulness on the compulsive buying could be found (F(1,124)=10.098, p<.01). Conclusions - The results of the current study showed that the compulsive buying is influenced by the negative affect and that the effect of the negative affect on the compulsive buying varies depending on the level of the mindfulness. These results can be interpreted to imply that consumers who are in a state of high mindfulness pay attention to every minute of experience and activate the coordinatory function and that, eventually, habitual and reflective responses such as compulsive buying are restricted. It is concluded that consumers' mindfulness can facilitate the self-regulatory responses and alleviate the influence of negative affect on compulsive buying. Based on these results, the theoretical and practical implications of this research were discussed and the limitations and future research areas were suggested.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2008

The development of a face robot basically targets very natural human-robot interaction (HRI), especially emotional interaction. So does a face robot introduced in this paper, named Buddy. Since Buddy was developed for a mobile service robot, it doesn't have a living-being like face such as human's or animal's, but a typically robot-like face with hard skin, which maybe suitable for mass production. Besides, its structure and mechanism should be simple and its production cost also should be low enough. This paper introduces the mechanisms and functions of mobile face robot named Buddy which can take on natural and precise facial expressions and make dynamic gestures driven by one laptop PC. Buddy also can perform lip-sync, eye-contact, face-tracking for lifelike interaction. By adopting a customized emotional reaction decision model, Buddy can create own personality, emotion and motive using various sensor data input. Based on this model, Buddy can interact probably with users and perform real-time learning using personality factors. The interaction performance of Buddy is successfully demonstrated by experiments and simulations.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.575-591
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• 2013

In this paper the relationship of various types of work-family interaction (i.e. work-family conflict, and work-family enhancement) with individual, family, and employment characteristics was explored in a sample of 1000 married employed women with preschool children. By using cluster analysis, we tried to reveal whether specific combinations of the various dimensions of work-family interaction (WFI) exist. Our results showed that employed women did not simply experience work-family conflict or work-family enhancement, but that they should be classified in four distinct clusters: (1) 189 employed women experienced primarily work-family enhancement(i.e. positive WFI); (2) 289 employed women experienced primarily work-family conflict(i. e. negative WFI); (3) 338 employed women experienced work-family conflict and work-family enhancement simultaneously(i. e. both positive and negative WIF); (4) 184 employed women did not experience either work-family conflict or work-family enhancement(i. e. low WFI). Results further showed that the emerging WFI-clusters appeared to have distinct profiles with respect to individual, family and employment characteristics.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2013

The interaction between Agrobacterium and soybean has been studied at the transcriptome level but not at the metabolic level. However, it is necessary to investigate the difference in metabolites between susceptible and non-susceptible cultivars for high efficiency transformation. We investigated the difference in metabolites from sonicated soybean cotyledons of Korean cultivars and Bert cultivar. To identify difference in metabolites, sonicated extracts were analysed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS). The soybean cultivars were classified by susceptibility using green fluorescent protein expression. We found a difference in metabolites between the high susceptible and low susceptible cultivars. The FT-ICR/MS experimental m/z data of different metabolites were compared with theoretical m/z in KNApSAcK database. The candidate list was made using KNApSAcK and focused on phenolic compounds. These candidate metabolites are speculated to influence factors in the interaction. This list of candidates may be useful to investigate the interaction between Agrobacterium and plants to increase transformation efficiency.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.619-628
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• 2014

This study analyzes whether children's independent picture book reading affects their reading activities and whether the mother-child interaction during this reading improves their reading activities. The study provides basic data and policy implications for developing children's reading ability. Data were collected from a sample of 192 children aged 4 and 5 in Seoul and Anseong, where a survey of their mothers as well as their nursery school teachers was conducted. Variables of interest were analyzed through a correlation analysis and a hierarchical regression analysis, First, children's reading recognized by their mothers was bipolarized as "very high" or "very low". Second, children's reading activity had a significant positive relationship with independent reading, indicating that children active in independent reading were likely to develop their, reading ability. Third, in addition to independent reading, the mother-child interaction had a significant positive effect on children's-reading ability, indicating the importance of the mother's role in developing the child's reading ability.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.732-742
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• 2002

This paper presents twin spray characteristics of two impinging F-O-O-F type injectors in which fuel and oxidizer impinge on each other to atomize under the various conditions. The droplet size and velocity in the impinging spray flow field were measured using PDPA. The droplet size and velocity were investigated at the mixture ratios of 1.5, 2.0, 2.47 and 3.0 for four injectors in which two single F-O-O-F injectors were arranged at the intervals of 20.8, 31.2, 41.6 and 62.4mm respectively. In general, the arithmetic mean diameter, SMD and standard deviation of droplet size in the interaction area (X=0 and Y=0mm) were smaller, while the axial velocity in the interaction area was slightly higher. An empirical correlation is obtained for the (D$\_$10/)$\_$D//(D$\_$10/)$\_$c/ value under the assumptions of two identical droplets and these with different size and velocity. The droplets with low Weber numbers below 40 have possibility to coalesce, while those over 40 tend to disintegrate after impingement in the interaction area.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 2006

The objective of the present work is to develop a time-domain numerical method of broadband noise in a cascade of airfoils. This paper focuses on dipolar broadband noise sources, resulting from the interaction of turbulent inflows with the flat-plate airfoil cascade. The turbulence response of a two-dimensional cascade is studied by solving both of the linearised and the full nonlinear Euler equations employing accurate higher order spatial differencing, time stepping techniques and non-reflecting inflow/outflow boundary condition. The time-domain result using the linearised Euler equations shows good agreement with the analytical solution using the modified LINSUB code. Through the comparison of the nonlinear time-domain result using the full nonlinear Euler equations with the linear, it is found that the acoustic mode amplitude of the nonlinear response is less than that of the linear response due to the energy cascade from low frequency components to the high frequency ones. Considering the merits of the time-domain methods over the typical time-linearised frequency-domain analysis, the current method is expected to be promising tools for analyzing the effects of the airfoil shapes, non-uniform background flow, linear-nonliear regimes on the broadband noise due to turbulence-cascade interaction.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1087-1096
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• 2001

The dynamic structures of unsteady CH$_4$/Air jet diffusion flame with a flame-vortex interaction were numerically investigated. A timed-dependent, axisymmetric computational model and a low mach number approximation were employed in the present calculation. A two-step global reaction mechanism which considers 6 species, was used to calculate the reaction rates. The predicted results including the gravitational effect show that the large outer vortices and the small inner vortices can be well simulated without any additional disturbances near nozzle tip. It was found that the temperature and species concentrations have deviated values even for the same mixture fraction in the flame-vortex interaction region. It was also shown that the flame surface is not deformed by the inner vortex in upstream region, while in downstream region, the flame surface is compressed or stretched by the outer vortex roll-up. The present unsteady jet flame configuration accompanying a flame-vortex interaction is expected to give good implications for the unsteady structures of turbulent flames.

• 한국산업정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산업정보학회 2008년도 추계 공동 국제학술대회
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• pp.235-245
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• 2008

The interactive advertisement is already on satellite and cable broadcasting hereafter the introduction of this system is concerned on terrestrial programs. This study is to research the effectiveness of interactive TV advertising focusing on factors of involvement and interaction. Study started for the effect measurement of interactive television advertisement. Interactive television advertisement has different concept than existing television advertisement. Thus, the effect also needs to examine in other methods. Study is mainly focusing on the characteristics of interactive and the experiments, which was based on existing data, for measurement of effect. In the experiments, the characteristics were categorized in a search time, a number of searched pages about interactive television advertisement. The research finds that the involvement of the audience increases when the interaction of advertising attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intentions also increases. And so, a successful interactive TV advertisement results in longer searching hours and greater it visits by the audience when the interaction factors are considered and increased. By study of consumer's characteristics and behavior, a new method of the effect measurement for interactive television advertisement is provided. The new method includes not only existing measurement elements of television advertisement which are attitude on advertising and brand, and customers' purpose, but also the features of interactive television advertisement, which are search time, a number of searched pages. Recently added features provides data of the effect on high/low groups and it contributes to the process of interactive television advertisement. Study on interactive television advertisement will be helpful to plan an effective strategy by suggesting the theoretical evidence of its effect.