• 대한간호
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.70-80
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• 1997

This study of elderly in-patient subjects' expected level of care given by family members and nurses is intended to provide foundational information for use by nurses is attending to elderly patients. The objects of the study were elderly in-patients over the age of 65 hospitalized at two General hospitals in Chonju: 102 subjects filled out the 60 question survey between December 16 and 24. 1996. The analysis process was conducted using SPSS producing percentage. mean and standard deviation. maximum and minimum values. t-test, ANOVA. and so on. The results are as follows: 1. From the general results of the survey. one can observe that statistically significant differences appeared in various levels of education of the subjects: no education(2.98). primary school completed(2.91). middle school or higher completed(2.77). As shown. the lower level of education correlates with higher care-giving expectation. 2. On a scale of 1(minimum) to 4(maximum). the mean levels of care expected by elderly inpatients from their families is 2.93. with a standard deviation of 0.28. The level of psychological care expected(mean 3.02. standard deviation 0.31) is higher than the level of care expected(mean 2.83. standard deviation 0.34). 3. The level of care expected among those of different levels of dependency for daily living (differentiated as dependent. partially dependent. independent) was highest among the partially dependent(mean 2.98. standard deviation 0.17). but the results were not statistically significant. 4. Elderly in-patients with high levels of emotive interaction with their families expected relatively high levels of physical care. while the highest levels of socio-psychological care were expected from those who reported normal levels of emotive interaction with their families. However. We can see that low levels of care are expected from those reporting low levels of emotive interaction with their families. Overall. the differences in the level of care expected between those reporting different levels of emotive interaction with their families was not shown to be statistically significant.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2019

가상 및 증강현실과 같은 확장현실(XR: Extended Reality)은 몰입형 데이터 시각화 및 분석을 위한 거대한 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 확장현실에서 사용자는 3차원 가상 공간을 활용하여 데이터 및 여러 사용자와 사실적으로 상호 작용할 수 있으므로 보다 직관적인 데이터 분석이 가능하다. 그러나 확장현실의 장점을 제대로 활용하기 위한 시각화를 생성하는 것은 복잡한 프로그래밍이 필요하기 때문에 상당히 어려운 일이다. 본 논문에서는 손 제스처만으로 XR을 위한 시각화 전 과정을 수행하고, 모든 3차원 공간을 활용할 수 있는 가젯암(Gadget Arms) 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템에서 분석가는 데스크탑 기반 환경이나 복잡한 프로그래밍을 사용할 필요 없이 XR 기기를 착용한 상태에서 직관적으로 전체 시각화 공간을 디자인할 수 있으며, 가상의 손을 임의의 3차원 공간에 자유자재로 위치시킬 수 있는 인터랙션을 통해 거대한 3차원 공간을 효과적으로 활용할 수 있다. 우리는 사용자 연구를 통해 제안된 시스템이 시각화 제작과 공간 활용의 사용성을 크게 향상시시키는 것을 확인하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

Recently, as the importance of mobile marketing is emphasized, the in-app advertising market, which inserts ads into applications, is growing. The purpose of this study is to verify the interaction effects of need for cognition, contextual consistency, and product involvement on advertising attitude. The experimental design of this study is a three-way mixed design of 2 (consumer need for cognition: high vs low) × 2 (contextual consistency: context match vs context mismatch) × 2 (product involvement: high vs low). The subjects of the survey were 337 men and women in their 20s and 30s Living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. SPSS 25.0 statistical program was used to analyze frequency analysis, reliability analysis, t-test, three-way ANOVA, and simple main effect analysis. The analysis results are as follows. First, contextual consistency of mobile fashion ads showed significant effect on advertising attitude. Second, consumer need for cognition and contextual consistency of mobile fashion ads showed significant interaction effect on advertising attitude. Third, contextual consistency of mobile fashion ads and product involvement showed significant interaction effect on advertising attitude. Finally, product involvement and consumer need for cognition showed a significant interaction effect on advertising attitude. Based on the research results, it will help fashion companies to establish effective mobile in-app advertising strategies.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.465-476
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• 2021

이 연구는 불법 성콘텐츠 접촉과 불법 성콘텐츠 유통의 그 원인요인들 및 통제요인들을 제시하고 그 요인들 간의 상호작용효과를 각각 살펴보고 비교하였다. 원인요인으로는 낮은 자기통제력, 불법 성콘텐츠 경험 친구, 그리고 가부장가정 요인을, 그리고 통제요인들로는 도덕태도, 공식처벌, 기회제약을 다뤘다. 그리고 세 원인요인들의 영향에 대한 세 통제요인들의 조절 혹은 완충효과를 살펴보았다. 서울시 대학생을 조사대상으로 하는 분석결과 대체로 불법 성콘텐츠 접촉과 불법 성콘텐츠 유통에서 그 원인요인들의 작용은 유사해 낮은 자기통제력, 불법 성콘텐츠 경험 친구, 그리고 가부장가정 모두가 크게 유의미했고 그 중에서도 불법 성콘텐츠 경험 친구와의 접촉의 영향력이 가장 컸다. 불법 성콘텐츠 접촉 및 유통에 대한 원인요인들과 통제요인들의 상호작용효과에 대한 결과를 보면 그 결과가 상이했다. 불법 성콘텐츠 접촉의 경우 원인요인들과 통제요인들과의 상호작용효과가 모두 유의미하지 않았다. 즉 불법 성콘텐츠 접촉에서는 원인요인 모두가 독립적으로만 유의미하게 작동했으며 그 작용을 어떠한 통제요인들도 통제하지 못했다. 그러나 불법 성콘텐츠 유통의 경우는 낮은 자기통제력과 도덕태도간의 상호작용효과, 불법 성콘텐츠 유통 친구와 도덕태도간의 상호작용효과가 유의미했고, 가부장가정과 공식처벌간의, 그리고 가부장가정과 기회제약간의 상호작용효과가 유의미했다. 그 결과의 함의를 논의한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 모브랜드 제품범주와는 관련성이 없는 비유사제품으로의 브랜드확장에 영향을 미치는 모브랜드명성과 성향조절초점의 주효과와 이들 변수들 간의 상호작용효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 실험에서는 모브랜드로 국내 식품브랜드인 풀무원(고명성브랜드)과 가상의 브랜드인 그린(Green)(저명성브랜드)을, 확장제품으로는 화장품을 선정하여, 브랜드명성과 성향조절초점이 확장브랜드 평가에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 저명성브랜드보다 고명성브랜드에서 브랜드확장에 대한 평가가 더 긍정적으로 나타났으며, 둘째, 촉진초점 성향의 소비자들이 방어초점 성향의 소비자들보다 브랜드확장에 대해 더욱 높게 평가하였다. 그리고 셋째, 고명성브랜드에서는 방어초점집단과 촉진초점집단 간 브랜드확장 평가는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 저명성브랜드에서는 성향조절초점에 따라 브랜드확장 평가 차이가 유의미하게 나타남으로써, 이들 2변수들 간에는 상호작용효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.159-170
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• 1999

초정지역에서 산출되는 탄산수에 대한 수리화학적 연구를 수행하였다. 초정탄산수는 낮은 pH(5.0~5.8). 높은 이산화탄소함량($Pco_2$＜$10^{0.31}$atm). 높은 TDS 함량을 갖는 것으로 특징되며. 화학적으로 Ca-$HCO_3$형에 속한다. 탄산수의 화학적특성은 지하수가 심부로 순환하는 과정에서 심부기원의 이산화탄소와의 반응을 통하여 탄산수가 형성되었음을 지시하며. 낮은 pH를 갖는 탄산수는 물-암석(화강암) 반응이 활발히 진행되면서 지화학적으로 진화된 것으로 판단된다. 또한 높은 $NO_3$함량은 탄산수가 천부로 상승되는 과정에서 주변지하수와 혼합된 특성을 지시한다. 초정 탄산수의 진화과정은 이산화탄소의 공급. 물-암석반응 및 혼합작용으로 설명할 수 있다. 이러한 진화과정을 열역화적으로 확인하고자 지화학 반응을 PHREEQC를 이용하여 모델링하였다. 비록 모델링은 사장석자의 반응에 국한되었지만. 탄산수의 진화과정에서 pH 및 Ca와 Na함량 변화양상에 대한 타당한 설명을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1303-1313
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• 2002

Effects of the reduced frequency of upstream wake on downstream unsteady boundary layer flow were simulated by using a Wavier-Stokes code. The Wavier-Stokes code is based on an unstructured finite volume method and uses a low Reynolds number turbulence model to close the momentum equations. The geometry used in this paper is the MIT flapping foil experimental set-up and the reduced frequency of the upstream wake is varied in the range of 0.91 to 10.86 to study its effect on the unsteady boundary layer flow. Numerical solutions show that they can be divided into two categories. One is so called the low frequency solution, and behaves quite similar to a Stokes layer. Its characteristics is found to be quite similar to those due to either a temporal or spatial wave. The low frequency solutions are observed clearly when the reduced frequency is smaller than 3.26. The other one is the high frequency solution. It is observed for the reduced frequency larger than 7.24. It shows a sudden shift of the phase angle of the unsteady velocity around the edge of the boundary layer. The shift of phase angle is about 180 degree, and leads to separation of the boundary layer flow from corresponding outer flow. The high frequency solution shows the characteristics of a temporal wave whose wave length is half of the upstream frequency. This characteristics of the high frequency solution is found to be caused by the strong interaction between unsteady vortices. This strong interaction also leads to destroy of the upstream wake strips inside the viscous sublayer as well as the buffer layer.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

Purpose: Will more expensive gifts be more pleasurable and appreciated? This is a general expectation of gift-givers. According to the previous study on Americans (Flynn and Adams 2009), recipients tend to appreciate gifts regardless of their price. It indicates that there is an interaction effect between position (giving / receiving) and gift price. This study expands the previous study and aims to answer the following two questions: "Are such an interaction effect observed in Korean, too?" and "What types of people prefer expensive gifts?" Research design, data, and methodology: Study 1 of the current research repeated the Study 3 of Flynn and Adams (2009), with an iPod (high-priced gift condition) and a music CD (low-priced gift condition). That is, a 2 (gift price: high / low) x 2 (position: giver / receiver) between-group design was used. Study 2 used gift certificates of 100,000 won (high-priced gift condition) and 5,000-won gift (low-priced gift condition). Unlike the previous study that measured only one dependent variable (gratitude), this study added five more dependent variables in an attempt to exclude alternative explanations, such as endowment effects or emotional conflicts. This study also measured individualism / collectivism, face sensitivity, and materialism to explore the types of people who prefer expensive gifts. Results: The interaction effect between gift price and position on the level of appreciation was not significant. Meanwhile the main effect of gift price and of position were significant. The gift-recipient was more appreciative than the gift-givers' expectation regardless of the price of gifts. To investigate individual differences, individualism/collectivism, face sensitivity, and materialism were examined, but none of these variables were significantly related to the preference for expensive gifts. Respondents who received gift certificates in Study 2 were less grateful than those who received iPods or music CDs in Study 1. Conclusions: This study found that Koreans tend to be more grateful if they receive expensive gifts, in contrast to the Flynn and Adams (2009)'s study with Americans. In addition, gift-recipients appreciated more than givers' expectation and were more grateful when they received tangible products rather than gift certificates.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.321-332
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• 2016

This study clarified the maintenance of relationship between children and teachers based on longitudinal data and explored the latent classes. It clarified the latent classes connection with the children's peer play interaction. The subjects of this study were 194 children (aged 3) who attended 11 different kindergartens and daycare centers. We collected data three times (once every 6 months) until they reached age 4. The results of this study were: first, closeness, conflict, and dependence of child-teacher relationship that showed a continuous short-term connection. Second, we classified the child-teacher relationship into three groups according to longitudinal data. Those groups were, 'low level maintenance group' which had the lowest conflict and dependence compared to the highest closeness with teacher, 'middle level maintenance group' which had the teacher relationship in the middle level of the sub element area, and 'high level maintenance group' which showed high conflict and dependence compared to low closeness with the teacher. Third, the group which maintains a longitudinal high conflict.dependence showed more interruption and disruption behavior than the group which maintained a low conflict and dependence. In conclusion, the child-teacher relationship seemed to be the steady characteristic because it showed the early formation of a stable relationship. It was possible to predict the child's peer interaction through an early child-teacher relationship. Teachers need to be educated by the kindergarten and daily care center because the early formation of a child-teacher relationship can be the foundation of child's later peer and teacher relationships.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.127-153
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• 2012

This paper presents an advanced computational method for the prediction of the responses in the frequency domain of general linear dissipative structural-acoustic and fluid-structure systems, in the low-and medium-frequency domains and this includes uncertainty quantification. The system under consideration is constituted of a deformable dissipative structure that is coupled with an internal dissipative acoustic fluid. This includes wall acoustic impedances and it is surrounded by an infinite acoustic fluid. The system is submitted to given internal and external acoustic sources and to the prescribed mechanical forces. An efficient reduced-order computational model is constructed by using a finite element discretization for the structure and an internal acoustic fluid. The external acoustic fluid is treated by using an appropriate boundary element method in the frequency domain. All the required modeling aspects for the analysis of the medium-frequency domain have been introduced namely, a viscoelastic behavior for the structure, an appropriate dissipative model for the internal acoustic fluid that includes wall acoustic impedance and a model of uncertainty in particular for the modeling errors. This advanced computational formulation, corresponding to new extensions and complements with respect to the state-of-the-art are well adapted for the development of a new generation of software, in particular for parallel computers.