• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.290-300
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• 1982

The study deals with the empirical research on the condition of nutrient intake of low income class which be represented by urban slum and rural area, with the analysis of the factors which might influence on the prevalent condition of nutrient- intake. The method of the research was based on the spot-survey with questionaires. The result is that the levels of nutrient-intake are below the standard requirement level of nutrients in both of urban slum and rural area. The level of nutrient intake in urban slum lies in approximately 50% of the standard requirement level and 80% of the standard requirement level in rural area. The extent of malnutrition was explained in terms of the amount of calorie, protein, calcium and iron. More than half of the population in the community are below the standard requirement level of the nutrient- intake. The problem of malnutrition was serious in urban slum than in rural areas, which made a good contrast with the result of Peru study. Deficiency in calcium was most serious. The factor analysis of the prevalent condition of malnutrition in low class suggests that 1) The function of local market in supplying food is not so effective in the sense that the quality of the foods purchased id the local market is poor. 2) Low level of knowledge, the consequent ignorance and the indifference to the nutrition and the low income led to malnutrition. The level of income and the education were significantly correlated to the nutrient-intake.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.85-110
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine whether health status is different according to employment status and income level in wage-earners. We analyzed wage-earners of 2199 men and 1194 women aged 30-64 years, using data from the 2006 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study(KLIPS). The difference of health status according to employment status and income level was compared with the multiple logistic regression and the standardized concentration index of ill-health. The risk of ill-health was high when waged-earners had low income. The same is true for poor employment status when their employment status was unstable as in manual laborers, irregular workers, temporary, daily workers or part-time workers. furthermore, the wage-earners with lower income and a relatively disadvantageous employment status showed the lowest health status compared to other groups. Ill-health was relatively more concentrated in lower income group and poor employment status. This study identified the existence of health inequality among various employment status of wage-earners. It is suggested that policies that deal with the inequality in social class may have an important impact on the health of the population.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2015

Objectives: The present study was conducted in order to examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and osteoporosis prevalence in Korea and to assess whether different associations are found in single-person households. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, from 2008 to 2011. The study subjects were people aged ${\geq}50$ years with osteoporosis as defined by bone mineral density. Multivariate logistic models were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios (pORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Gender differences in the likelihood of osteoporosis were analyzed based on household income, education level, and residential area. Results: There were 8221 osteoporosis patients aged ${\geq}50$ years, of whom 927 lived in single-person households. There was a gender-specific association between osteoporosis prevalence and all three SES factors that we analyzed: income, education, and residential area. After adjusting for age, SES, and health behaviors, including body mass index (BMI), low household income was only significantly associated with osteoporosis in men, whereas education level had an inverse relationship with osteoporosis only in women (p=0.01, p<0.001, respectively). However, after controlling for age and BMI, rural residency was only associated with osteoporosis in women living in single-person households (pOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.43). Conclusions: The Korean adult population showed a gender-specific relationship between SES and osteoporosis prevalence, with a different pattern found in single-person households.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.173-201
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 빠르게 증가하는 가계부채가 중요한 사회적, 경제적 이슈가 된 현 시점에 과중채무자들의 생활상을 물질적 결핍과 사회적 결핍을 포괄하는 '사회경제적 박탈' 개념을 활용하여 조명하는 것이다. 본 연구는 채무조정제도를 이용하는 과중채무자들을 면접조사한 데이터(N=209)를 분석하였고, 한국복지패널의 일반집단 및 저소득집단과의 비교를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 과중채무집단이 일반인구 및 저소득집단에 비하여 생계, 고용, 주거, 건강, 사회적 관계 차원에서 모두 결핍수준이 월등히 높으며, 과중채무집단 내부에서는 개인파산집단의 결핍수준이 개인회생, 개인워크아웃, 기타집단보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결과를 토대로 과중채무자와 채무조정제도를 위한 제도적, 실천적 함의를 논의하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.87-102
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• 2010

The objective of this study were to examine the impact of medicaid coverage expansion policy aimed at improving access to primary care. The case-control study was conducted to compare preventable hospitalization(PH) rate in new medicaid recipients versus national health insurance(NHI) enrollees form 1996 to 2001. Rates of preventable hospitalization associated with ambulatory care sensitive conditions(ACSC) were calculated and standardized by age and sex. Multinomial logit regression model was used to control the confounding factors such as age, gender and charlson comorbidity index Annual PH rates in the new medicaid increased 1.64 times after medicaid expansion, with controling confounding factors. Meanwhile, annual PH rate in the NHI increased 1.68 times during the same period, with adjusting confounding factors. Current findings suggest that the new medicaid PH rate was less likely to rise than NHI PH rate after implementing medicaid expansion. This study is expected to provide policy-relevant evidence of medicaid expansion to include population with low income.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2008

In present study, using 1572 low-income families and 266 Head Start teachers from Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES) in the U.S., we examined the effects of mothers' reading and the characteristics of interaction between teacher-child interaction on 4-and 5-year-olds' cognitive development represented by their verbal and numerical abilities. Frequencies of mothers' reading at home consistently predicted higher scores of children's Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and Woodcock Johnson Applied Problems. Teachers' sensitivity and permissiveness in their interactions with children in classroom were positively related to children's verbal abilities and teachers' sensitivity predicted better numerical abilities of children after controlling for mothers' reading and the characteristics of family and teacher. The findings shed light on the contributions of teacher behaviors and familial factors to children's cognitive development calling for attention to the need for parent education on cognitively stimulating family environments and continuing education for early childhood teachers focusing on quality interactions with young children.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4325-4329
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• 2014

Background: The expatriate population in Qatar largely comprises workers from the Indian subcontinent which has a very high rate of oral malignancy. Social and cultural habits and as well premalignant risk factors in this population remain prevalent even after migration. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study assessed the prevalence of risk factors and occurrence of oral precancerous lesions in a low income group expatriate community from the Indian subcontinent residing in Qatar. Results: Among the 3,946 participants screened for oral premalignant lesions 24.3% (958) were smokers and 4.3 % (169) were pan chewers while 6.3% (248) were users of both smoked and smokeless forms of tobacco. Significantly higher proportion of industrial laborers (49.9%) followed by drivers (24.1%) were found to be smokers (p=0.001). The prevalence of white lesions was higher in smokers versus non-smokers 3.5% versus 2.3% (p=0.111), however this difference was statistically non-significant. Red and white lesions were highly significant (i.e. 1.2 % and 10.9% respectively) in the subjects with pan chewing and smoking habits (p=0.001). A significant proportion (8.9%) of the subjects with pan chewing habit showed evidence of oral precancerous lesions (p=0.001). Conclusions: Even though smoking and pan chewing were two significant risk factors detected in this population, their prevalence and occurrence of premalignant lesions are low as compared to the studies conducted in their home countries.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.24-36
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• 2022

Objectives: This study is a comparative analysis of the satisfaction and recognition characteristics for traditional Korean medicine (TKM) in people with disabilities and the general population of Korea. Methods: Here, 5,000 subjects were categorized into two groups based on a disability rating using the data from the 2017 National Survey for the Usage of Korean Medicine. The relationships among the sociodemographic characteristics, TKM usage status, recognition of TKM usage, and recognition of the effectiveness of the TKM treatment were analyzed based on the disease. The response reliability was verified using the chi-square test analysis method. Results: Disabilities corresponded with low rates of high school or higher education (44%, 83.5%) and no jobs (56.9%, 33.5%), mostly the status of the low-income class with a monthly household income of < 1,500 USD (50.9%, 10.5%), poor health conditions (55.2%, 9.8%), high chronic disease prevalence rate (69.0%, 19.9%), high medical care rate (11.2%, 0.5%), and low commercial health insurance subscription rate (44%, 74.2%). Furthermore, people with disabilities visited TKM institutions more often (88.8%, 74.1%) with a high frequency TKM usage rate of ≥ 1-2 times a month (26.2%, 15.3%). They also reported that the cost of using the TKM was very high (14.7%, 8.8%) and that primarily the application of insurance benefits should be improved (52.6%, 47.5%). The treatment effectiveness for diseases was high for musculoskeletal disorders for both people with disabilities and the general population. Conclusion: Preferential application of insurance benefits for musculoskeletal diseases must be extended to the TKM treatment as well, as people with disabilities have a high recognition for these conditions with TKM. It is difficult to perform randomized controlled trials on people with disability. Therefore, large-scale observational and cohort studies should be conducted. We hope this study will help establish a suitable TKM policy for people with disabilities.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2020

Due to urbanization and industrialization, the population of rural areas has sharply decreased, and the social phenomena of low fertility and aging have occurred due to many factors such as the spread of individualism and single-person households derived from urbanization and economic growth. In order to cope with the low birth rate and the aged society, the Korean government has invested 152.1 trillion won from 2006 to 2015 and to proceeded total 231 projects in 3 different areas including the low fertility(95 projects), the aged society(78 projects), and the growth momentum(58 projects). Among the social problems caused by the low birth rate and the aged society, there have been not enough studies on the closed schools which will result from the social phenomenon of decreases in the school age population. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current extent of utilizing closed schools in Korea, to derive some types based on the analysis, and to provide basic data on the use of closed schools in Korea in the future. The types of closed schools can be classified into education facilities, social welfare facilities, cultural facilities, public sports facilities, income growing facilities, and others. Based on the classification, the analyses of the characteristics of each type for the facilities are presented.

• 한국인구학
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.79-113
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• 2003

본 논문은 노령계층이 생활을 영위하는데 필요한 소득수준을 노령계층의 소득계층별로 도출해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 노령계층의 소비지출이 근로연령계층에 비하여 유의미하게 차이가 있는지, 차이가 있다면 어느 정도나 차이가 있으며, 어떤 요인에 의하여 차이가 발생하는지를 분석하고자 하였다. 또한 근로연령계층의 소득수준에 대비하여 노령계층의 소비지출수준이 어느 정도인지를 분석함으로써, 노령계층의 생활을 영위하기 위하여 필요한 소득수준이 어느 정도인지를 분석코자 하였다. 특히 본 논문에서는 가구소비지출에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인인 동시에 근로연령과 노령이라는 특성상 달라지는 요인이라 할 수 있는 소득, 가구원수, 연령요인이 소비지출에 미치는 영향을 고려하여, 노령계층에게 필요한 소득수준을 소득계층별로 노령계층의 소비지출수준의 분석을 통하여 도출해 보고자 하였다. 노령계층과 근로연령계층의 소비지출간에 차이가 가장 큰 항목은 교육비이고, 교통통신비, 식료품비, 교양오락비, 피복신발비, 가구집기비, 기타소비비, 보건의료비, 주거비 순으로 나타났다. 또한, 총가구소비지출에 영향을 미치는 요인을 회귀분석한 결과, 연령이 높을수록. 소득이 높을수록. 가구원수가 많을수록 총소비지출수준이 높은 반면, 연령이 계속 증가하고(노령이 되면), 비광역시의 경우. 여성의 경우, 무직의 경우, 농어업에 종사하는 경우 총소비지출은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 총가구소비지출에 영향력이 가장 큰 변수는 소득과 가구원수이며, 그 다음으로 연령인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 소득효과를 통제한 상태에서 연령효과 및 가구규모 축소효과에 의하여 부적으로 영향을 받는 소비지출은 교육비, 교통통신비, 식료품비 등 노인의 신체적 노화와 관련한 활동범위와 관련한 소프트웨어적 지출이며. 정적으로 영향을 받는 소비지출은 보건의료비였다. 또한 주거비, 가구집기비 등 하드웨어적 지출은 소득수준이 제약을 받지 않는 하에서는 연령효과 및 가구규모 축소효과로부터 중립적이었다. 본 연구결과 노인의 필요소득수준은 평균 61%수준이었다. 소득계층별로는 평균소득계층의 경우 근로연령기 소득의 60∼70% 수준이며, 저소득층의 경우는 근로연령기 소득의 90∼100% 수준이고, 고소득층의 경우는 근로연령기 소득의 50∼60% 수준으로 나타났다.