• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7201-7205
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• 2014

Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression by tumor cells contributes to tumor growth and angiogenesis and thus these factors may be considered as tumor markers. Here we aimed to characterize cells directly extracted from glioma, meningioma, and secondary brain tumors as well as non-tumoral cells in vitro. Cells were isolated from brain tissues using 0.2% collagenase and characterized by flow cytometry. Expression of SDF-1, CXCR4, CXCR7, RANTES, CCR5, MCP-1 and IP-10 was defined using flow cytometry and qRT-PCR methods. Brain tissue isolated cells were observed as spindle-shaped cell populations. No significant differences were observed for expression of SDF-1, CXCR4, CXCR7, RANTES, CCR5, and IP-10 transcripts. However, the expression of CXCR4 was approximately 13-fold and 110-fold higher than its counterpart, CXCR7, in meningioma and glioma cells, respectively. CXCR7 was not detectable in secondary tumors but CXCR4 was expressed. In non tumoral cells, CXCR7 had 1.3-fold higher mRNA expression than CXCR4. Flow cytometry analyses of RANTES, MCP-1, IP-10, CCR5 and CXCR4 expression showed no significant difference between low and high grade gliomas. Differential expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in brain tumors derived cells compared to non-tumoral samples may have crucial impacts on therapeutic interventions targeting the SDF-1/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.4079-4083
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• 2014

Background: Previous studies have showed that argonaute 2 is a potential factor related to genesis of several cancers, however, there have been no reports concerning gliomas. Methods: Paraffin specimens of 129 brain glioma cases were collected from a hospital affiliated to Binzhou Medical University from January 2008 to July 2013. We examined both argonaute 2 mRNA and protein expression by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The survival curves of the patients were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression, and the log-rank test was used for statistical evaluations. Results: Both argonaute 2 mRNA and protein were upregulated in high-grade when compared to low-grade tumor tissues. Multivariate analysis revealed that argonaute 2 protein expression was independently associated with the overall survival (HR=4.587, 95% CI: 3.001-6.993; P=0.002), and that argonaute 2 protein expression and WHO grading were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival (HR=4.792, 95% CI: 3.993-5.672; P<0.001, and HR=2.109, 95% CI: 1.278-8.229; P=0.039, respectively). Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test indicated that high argonaute 2 protein expression had a significant impact on overall survival (P=0.0169) and progression-free survival (P=0.0324). Conclusions: The present study showed that argonaute 2 expression is up-regulated in gliomas. Argonaute 2 might also serve as a novel prognostic marker.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.951-958
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) obtained using dual-layer dual-energy CT (DL-DECT) for evaluating brain tumors. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 32 patients with brain tumors who had undergone non-contrast head CT using DL-DECT. Among them, 15 had glioblastoma (GBM), 7 had malignant lymphoma, 5 had high-grade glioma other than GBM, 3 had low-grade glioma, and 2 had metastatic tumors. Conventional polychromatic images and VMIs (40-200 keV at 10 keV intervals) were generated. We compared CT attenuation, image noise, contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between tumor and white matter (WM) or grey matter (GM) between VMIs showing the highest CNR (optimized VMI) and conventional CT images using the paired t test. Two radiologists subjectively assessed the contrast, margin, noise, artifact, and diagnostic confidence of optimized VMIs and conventional images on a 4-point scale. Results: The image noise of VMIs at all energy levels tested was significantly lower than that of conventional CT images (p < 0.05). The 40-keV VMIs yielded the best CNR. Furthermore, both contrast and CNR between the tumor and WM were significantly higher in the 40 keV images than in the conventional CT images (p < 0.001); however, the contrast and CNR between tumor and GM were not significantly different (p = 0.47 and p = 0.31, respectively). The subjective scores assigned to contrast, margin, and diagnostic confidence were significantly higher for 40 keV images than for conventional CT images (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In head CT for patients with brain tumors, compared with conventional CT images, 40 keV VMIs from DL-DECT yielded superior tumor contrast and diagnostic confidence, especially for brain tumors located in the WM.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.268-271
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• 2004

A 43-year-old man was presented with persistent headache for two weeks. 72 weighted MR imaging showed high signal intensity with surrounding edema in the left frontal lobe. These findings were considered with intracranial tumor such as glioma or metastasis. Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT showed focal radiotracer accumulation in the left frontal lobe. The operative specimen contained cerebral infarction with organizing leptomeningeal hematoma by pathologist. Another 73-year-old man was hospitalized for chronic headache. Initial CT showed ill-defined hypodensity with mass effect in the right parietal lobe. Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT showed focal radiotracer uptake in the right parietal lobe. These findings were considered with low-grade glioma or infarction. Follow-up CT after 5 months showed slightly decreased in size of low density in the right parietal lobe, and cerebral infarction is more likely than others. Tc-99m tetrofosmin has been proposed as a cardiotracer of myocardial perfusion imaging and an oncotropic radiotracer. Tc-99m tetrofosmin SPECT image provides a better attractive alternative agent than T1-201 as a tumor-imaging agent, with characteristics such as high-energy flux, short half-life, favorable biodistribution, dosimetry and lower background radioactivity. We have keep in mind on the analysis of Tc-99m tetrofomin imaging when cerebral infarction is being differentiated from brain tumor.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.564-567
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• 2009

Early delayed radiation effects are known to occur within several months after completing radiotherapy for brain tumors. We present marked changes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan that occurred one month after radiotherapy in a patient with a pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma, which was eventually diagnosed as an early delayed radiation effect. Such an early development of dramatic MRI change has not been reported in patients treated with radiotherapy for pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 1992

저분화 성상세포종에 대한 방사선 치료의 역할이나 적정 방사선량, 치료시기등은 논란의 여지가 많다. 후향적 분석결과로 얻은 정보는 방사선량이나 외과적 또는 방사선 치료에 의한 시술시기 등의 관점에서 전향적인 연구계획을 세우는데 도움이 된다. 저자들은 1979년부터 1989년까지 경희대학병원에서 수술로 확진된 저분화 성상세포종 환자중 천막하부를 제외한 총 56(남 : 여 =29:27)명에 대한 치료결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 수술절제범위는 38명 ($68\%$)에서 근치수술하였고, 18예 ($32\%$)는 부분절제 또는 조직생검만 시행하였다. 총 56예중 수술후 방사선치료를 받은 환자는 36명 ($64\%$)이었고, 방사선량은 최저 5000 cGy를 국소조사하였다. 총 56예의 5년 및 10년 생존율은 각각 $44\%$와 $32\%$였으며, 중간 생존기간은 4.1년이었다. 조직소견에 따른 5년 및 10년 생존율은 grade I(23명)이 각각 $52\%$와 $35\%$이고, grade II(23명)는 $20\%$와 $10\%$였다. Oligodendroglioma 환자는 성상세포종보다 생존율이 높았으며(5년 생존율=$65\%$ vs $36\%$)장기간 생존율은 각각 $54\%$와 $23\%$로 현저한 차이가 있었다. 다량의 방사선치료를 받은 (<54 Gy)환자는 소량의 방사선 (<54 Gy)이나 수술만 받은 환자보다 5-년 및 10-년 생존율이 높았다(P<0.05). 수술범위에 따른 5년 생존율은 $46\%$와 $41\%$로 비슷하였으나, 10년 생존율은 근치수술한 경우가 $41\%$, 부분절제 또는 조직생검한 경우는 $12\%$로 현저한 차이가 있었다(p<0.01). 과거 여러 저자들의 연구에 의하면 환자나이, 수술범위, 방사선치료유무, 악성도, 증상 발현기간, 수행능력 상태등이 성상세포종의 중요 예후인자라고보고하였으나, 본 저자들의 예에서는 grade I조직소견 (p<0.025)과 환자나이 (p<0.001)가 가장 중요한 예후일자였으며 향후 무작위화한 전향적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.68-71
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• 2011

We present a case of Neuro-Behçet's disease with an unpredictable clinical course. A 47-year-old man was admitted to the neurosurgery department of our hospital with a mild headache. Three days after admission, his consciousness suddenly decreased and respiratory distress progressed rapidly. A brain MRI revealed that the previously observed abnormal signal had extended markedly to both the thalamic areas and the entire brain stem, and the surrounding brain parenchyma were compressed by cerebral edema. Based on the patient's symptoms of recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and uveitis, a rheumatologist made a diagnosis of Behçet's disease with CNS involvement. The patient was treated with high-dose methylprednisolone with respiratory assistance in the intensive care unit for 9 days and his neurologic symptoms improved remarkably. Neuro-Behçet's disease must be considered in the differential diagnosis in rapidly deteriorated young neurological patients along with a stroke, low-grade glioma, multiple sclerosis, and occlusive venous disease.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.461-469
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• 2009

최근 신경계 질환의 진단에 많이 이용되는 관류자기공명영상기법 중 상대적 뇌 혈류량(relative cerebral blood volume)의 분석에 의한 뇌교종의 악성도 구분(고등급과 저등급 종양의 구분)에 있어 자기공명영상의 뇌 혈류량 검사의 유용성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌교종 환자 17명(평균연령 57.5세, 남자 11명, 여자 6명)을 대상으로 모든 환자에게 수술 전 관류자기공명 영상과 고식적 뇌 자기공명영상을 시행하고, 조직의 병리학적 검사를 시행하였다. 국소적 뇌 혈류량과 상대적 뇌 혈류량의 분석은 지멘스사의 소프트웨어(PAT)와 자체 개발한 영상 후 처리 소프트웨어 Xmap 2.0을 이용하여 비교, 분석하였다. 대상자 17명 중 뇌교종이 저등급인 6명과 고등급인 11명의 관류자기공명영상의 분석 결과는 저등급 뇌교종의 상대적 뇌 혈류량의 백질에 대한 종양부위의 평균 뇌 혈류량(rCBVw)의 평균은 1.62, 피질에 대한 종양부위의 평균 뇌 혈류량(rCBVc)의 평균은 0.12이었다. 고등급 뇌교종의 상대적 뇌 혈류량의 rCBVw의 평균은 33.53, rCBVc의 평균은 0.96이었다. 뇌교종과 반대측 뇌 백질과의 통계적인 상관성은 0.01(p-value)이었고. 뇌교종과 반대측 피질과의 통계적인 상관성은 0.02(p-value)로 나타났다. 결과 중 뇌교종과 뇌 백질의 통계분석수치가 뇌교종과 피질과의 통계분석 결과보다 더 유의한 결과를 나타내었다. 결국 두 가지 모두에서 유의한 결과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다(p<0.05). 임상적으로 기존의 자기공명영상과 병리학적 결과와 함께 관류자기공명영상은 뇌교종의 등급을 판단하는데 있어 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.481-483
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• 2018

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of human adult brain malignancy. The identification of the cell of origin harboring cancer-driver mutations is the fundamental issue for understanding the nature of GBM and developing the effective therapeutic target. It has been a long-term hypothesis that neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) might be the origin-of-cells in human glioblastoma since they are known to have life-long proliferative activity and acquire somatic mutations. However, the cell of origin for GBM remains controversial due to lack of direct evidence thereof in human GBM. Our recent study using various sequencing techniques in triple matched samples such as tumor-free SVZ, tumor, and normal tissues from human patients identified the clonal relationship of driver mutations between GBM and tumor-free SVZ harboring neural stem cells (NSCs). Tumor-free SVZ tissue away from the tumor contained low-level GBM driver mutations (as low as 1% allelic frequency) that were found in the dominant clones in its matching tumors. Moreover, via single-cell sequencing and microdissection, it was discovered that astrocyte-like NSCs accumulating driver mutations evolved into GBM with clonal expansion. Furthermore, mutagenesis of cancer-driving genes of NSCs in mice leads to migration of mutant cells from SVZ to distant brain and development of high-grade glioma through the aberrant growth of oligodendrocyte precursor lineage. Altogether, the present study provides the first direct evidence that NSCs in human SVZ is the cell of origin that develops the driver mutations of GBM.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2007

Objective : On the magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the infiltrating brain tumor, enhancement is usually higher in malignant tumor than in benign tumor, and tumor cells can invade into the peritumoral area without definite enhancement. In various pathological conditions, the blood brain barrier (BBB) becomes changed to pathological condition, allowing various materials extravasating into the interstitial space, and degree of enhancement is depend on the pathology. Authors performed dynamic MRI on enhancing and surrounding edematous area in order to evaluate the degrees of opening of BBB, to differentiate tumor from non-tumorous condition, and to determine its relationship with the recurrence of the tumor. Methods : Dynamic MRI was performed in 25 patients. Dynamic scans were done every 15 seconds after administration of Gd-DTPA on the enhancing and surrounding area for maximum 300 seconds, and the patterns of enhancement were ana lysed. The enhancement curve with initial steep increase followed by slow decrease was defined as "N pattern", those with initial steep increase followed by additional slow increase as "T pattern", and those with initial steep increase followed by plateau as "E pattern". Histopathological findings were compared with the dynamic scan. Results : The graphs taken from enhancing area showed "T pattern" regardless of pathology. In the surrounding area, "T pattern" was noticed in the malignant tumors, but "E pattern" or "N pattern" was noted in low-grade or benign tumors and non-tumorous condition. "T pattern" in the surrounding area was related to the malignant with tumor cell infiltration and recurrence. Conclusion : The results suggest that the malignant tumor infiltration changes the condition of BBB enough to extravasate the Gd-DTPA. Enhancement pattern in the surrounding edematous area may be a useful information to differentiate the malignant glioma with the low-grade and benign tumors or other non-tumorous conditions.