• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 1962

A Study on the Treatment of Canine Demodicidosis with Low Toxic Organ Phosphates In this experiment, the treatment of canine demodicidosis with Dipterex(50$\%$ Diethyl trichlorohydroxethyl phosphanate), a kind of low toxic organic phosphates, h

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 1994

Acute toxicity of heavy metals( mercury, cadmium lead, chromium and copper ), organophosphours insecticides( EPN, 2, 4- D, and parathion ), and other chemicals( arsenic, cyanide, and phenol ) to Daphnia magna was analyzed. Acute toxicity of heavy metals, organophosphours insecticides and other chemicals on Daphnia magna, LC$_{50}$ was showed 0.07-0.73mg/1, 0.22-1.94mg/t and 1.73-39.92mg/1 respectively. Daphnia magna to most of toxic chemicals was sensitive and then it seems to be useful except phenol in toxic test of water. Toxic chemicals were classified as Group 1 which had a high LC$_{50}$ value and the low increase rate of toxicity according to the increase of concentration, Group 2 which had a high LC$_{50}$ value and the high increase rate of toxicity, Group 3 which had a low LC$_{50}$ value and the low increase rate of toxicity. To Daphnia magna, lead, chromium, EPN, and parathion were included in Group 1; Mercury and copper in Group 2; Arsenic and cadmium in Group 3; Cyanide 2,4- D, and phenol in Group 4.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.103-113
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• 2015

Objective : Five most generally adopting basic oriental prescriptions (yookmijihwangtang, ojeoksan, sipjeondaebotang, samultang, bojoongikgitang) samples were collected from 10 oriental hospitals nationwide and the transferring ratio to aqueous phase (TRAP) were calculated. Method : The samples are grounded evenly and the decocted at $120^{\circ}C$ for 12 min on hot plate and then filtered. The concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr and Pb in before and after decoction were measure by ICP/MS and the TRAPs were calculated. Results : The concentrations of As, Cr and Pb in the ground samples before decoction were all below criteria level, and TRAP values were also very low (<10%). For Cd, although some ground samples before decoction showed relatively high concentration level compare to the criteria level, because of their low TRAP (~3%), the actual concentrations in the decoction were quite low compare the criteria level. The Co's concentrations in the ground samples before decoction were all relatively low level. However, the TRAP of Co was astonishingly high value of around 40% average. Conclusion : The toxic heavy metal concentrations in the decoction were very low compare to the criteria level. The TRAPs are less than <10% except Co. The toxic heavy metals in the prescriptions are mainly remained in the residue and the only very small fraction may transferred to the decoctions. Therefore the toxicity of the oriental herbal medicine about the toxic heavy metal may be overstressed. The Co's TRAP turned out to be quite high value (40% average). Since the criteria level wes not established yet, the safety of decoctions according to Co was not fully confirmed.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.46-58
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• 1995

Acute toxicity of heavy metals( Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, Chromium and Copper ), Organophosphorus insecticides( EPN, 2, 4- D, and Parathion ), and other chemicals( Arsenic, Cyanide, and Phenol) to Daphnia magna, and Vibrio fischeri was analysed. Daphnia magna to most toxic chemicals was most sensitive among test organisms alld then Daphnia magna seems to be more useful in toxic test of water. Daphnia magna was more sensitive to heavy metals than insecticides and other chemicals. The sensitivity of Visrio JircAeri to heavy metals was not so different from that to insecticides and the sensitivity to other chemicals was low. Visrio JircAeri appears to be more sensitive to toxic chemicals than Photobacterium phosphoreum, which was compared as recorded values of P.phosphoreum. Toxic chemicals were classified as Group 1 which had a high $EC_{50}$ or $LC_{50}$ value and the low increase rate of toxicity according to the increase of concentration, Group 2 which had a high $EC_{50}$ or $LC_{50}$ value and the high increase rate of toxicity, Group 3 which had a low $EC_{50}$ or $LC_{50}$ value and the high increase rate of toxicity, and Group 4 which had a low $EC_{50}$ or $LC_{50}$ value and the low increase rate of toxicity. To Daphnia magna, Lead, Chromium EPN, and Parathion were included in Group 1 : Mercury and Copper in Group 2 : Arsonic and Cadmium in Group 3 : Cyanide, 2, 4-B, and Phenol in Group 4. To Visrio JircAeri, Lead, Chromiurl 2, 4- D, and Parathion were included in Group 1 : Merecury, Cadmium and Arsenic in Group 2 : Cyanide in Group 3 : EPN, Copper, and Phenol in Group 4.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 1999

Offsite consequences resulting form worst-case scenarios involving release of toxic substances in the Yochon area were estimated using the ALOHA(Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) model. Eight toxic substances, including NH3, were considered; five were toxic gases and three were toxic liquids at ambient temperature. For toxic gases, the entire quantity was assumed to be released at a constant rate during a 10-minute period. For toxic liquids, the entire quantity stored in the tank was assumed to be spilled and spread and spread instantaneously to form a pool with a depth of 1cm, and then evaporated over some period of time. Except for phosgene and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate, for which concentration levels corresponding to human health effects are very low, average distances of the area at risk of adverse health effects for a 1- tom release were predicted to be $2.3{\pm}1.1 km$ for the worst-case meteorological conditions and $0.93{\pm}0.69km$ under typical meteorological conditions of the Yochon are. Because a large number of people were predicted to be affected in the current analysis, refined analyses considering both realistic accident scenarios and topographic effects were warranted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.247-247
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• 2009

In this work, Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) thin films for toxic gas sensor application were deposited on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) substrates, by RF magnetron sputtering method. LTCC is one of promising materials for integration with heater, low cost production and high manufacturing yields than silicon substrate. The LTCC substrates with thickness of $400\;{\mu}m$ were fabricated by laminating 12 greentapes which consist of alumina and glass particle in an organic binder. The GZO thin films deposited on the substrates and were analyzed by X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The films are well crystallized in the hexagonal (wurzite) structure with increasing thickness. The fabricated sensors showed good sensitivity and fast response time to common types of toxic gases (NOx, COx).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2008

For the development of integrated pest management system by harmonizing biological and chemical control, some experiments were carried out to select low toxic pesticides against natural enemies. Leaf dipping method, body dipping method, and diet treatment method were used for the toxicity evaluation against Microplites mediator adults. We tested 49 different pesticides (34 insecticides, 11 fungicides, 4 herbicides) at recommending concentration commonly used to control insect pests, disease and up-land weeds in chinese cabbage field. 16 insecticides, 11 fungicides, and 4 herbicides were shown to be low toxic to Microplites mediator adults in the treatment of body dipping.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.24-31
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• 2020

A study on the H2O2 based low toxic hypergolic propellant was conducted. The fuel candidates were chosen as a mixture of Amine solvent and reactive additive. The analytical performance was calculated via the NASA CEA code and 96% Isp of the NTO/UDMH was confirmed. The ignition delay measurement with drop test was performed and all candidates showed less than 10 ms in the best performance cases. Based on these results, the feasibility of high response H2O2 based low toxic hypergolic propellant was confirmed.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2001

Legal permissible limit of herbal drugs metal level in Korea is define 'less 30.0ppm in total(except mineral drugs)' including Pb Hg Cd As Cr Ni etc. This limit has a lot of problems in several factors, that is, not divide hazard and essential elements, not consider high and low toxic effect in each metal, not calculate dose-response relationship and average health behavior in Korean etc. As a that result, It has strong limits and weakness in the basic toxicology and Oriental medicine. To improve and correct these factors, We need to several new approach as like below. It must be radical study following problems in short and middle-long period in the future, toxic metal and essential element must be divide to basic toxicology and also be diverse toxic effect. But mineral drugs that included a amount of severe toxic metals is being used as active prescription drug until now. If toxic, safety and side-effect of metals will be considered, mineral drugs must prohibit instantly or use at least after examined toxic effect. But one of the most important things about herbal drugs contamination, all people and department (government, farmer and trader, oriental medicine doctors and association) will be participate cooperative and collection for preventive or the least contamination in herbal drugs.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 1997

Toxic peptides from hornet venom, mastoparan and mastoparan-B were synthesized us- ing the solid phase peptide synthesis method and investigated the interaction of them with phospholipid bilayer, antibacterial activity, and hemolytic activity. Both toxic peptides could induce dye release at a low concentration in neutral liposome. The binding affinity of mastoparan-B for neutral liposome was smaller than that for acidic one. Mastoparan and mastoparan-B had strong antibacterial activity for gram-positive bacteria, but weak or potent activity for gram-negative ones, respectively. Mastoparan and mastoparan-B lysed erythrocyte very little up to 5 $\mu$M.