• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.347-348
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• 2002

The numbers of synthetic greases have been developed with synthetic oils because of their excellent performance factors including thermal/oxidation stability, low-temperature fluidity and plastic compatibility. Long life under high-temperature condition and excellent low-temperature fluidity are required to serve as grease for bearings of engine room electrical component. As many plastics are used in place of metals for the purpose of weight saving, synthetic hydrocarbon grease is in use to avoid adverse effect on plastics. Other various special synthetic greases are also in use depending on specific requirements like conductivity and vacuum condition.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.497-502
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• 2008

BGA test sockets failed earlier than the expected life-time due to abnormal signal delay, shown especially at the low temperature ($-50^{\circ}C$). Analysis of failed sockets was conducted by EDX, AES, and XRD. A SnO layer contaminated with C was found to form on the surface of socket pins. The formation of SnO layer was attributed to the repeated Sn transfer from BGA balls to pin surface and instant oxidation of fresh Sn. As a result, contact resistance increased, inducing signal delay. Abnormal signal delay at the low temperature was attributed to the increasing resistivity of Sn oxide with decreasing temperature, as manifested by the resistance measurement of $SnO_2$.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.272-276
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• 2017

The response of AISI 310 type austenitic stainless steel to the novel low temperature plasma carburizing process has been investigated in this work. This grade of stainless steel shows better corrosion resistance and high temperature oxidation resistance due to its high chromium and nickel content. In this experiment, plasma carburizing was performed on AISI 310 stainless steel in a D.C. pulsed plasma ion nitriding system at different temperatures in $H_2-Ar-CH_4$ gas mixtures. The working pressure was 4 Torr (533Pa approx.) and the applied voltage was 600 V during the plasma carburizing treatment. The hardness of the samples was measured by using a Vickers micro hardness tester with the load of 100 g. The phase of carburized layer formed on the surface was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The resultant carburized layer was found to be precipitation free and resulted in significantly improved hardness and corrosion resistance.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.774-780
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 저온에서 매립지 가스(LFG)하에서 메탄의 완전 산화 특성 분석을 위한 고성능 Pd 코팅 $La_{0.1}Sr_{0.9}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_{3-{\delta}}$ (LSCF-1928)촉매를 개발하였다. LSCF-1928 촉매를 분말형과 중공사형으로 성형한 후 중공사형의 표면을 무전해도금법으로 Pd를 코팅하였다. 성형된 촉매는 TPR을 통해 촉매에 흡착 된 산소종과 그 흡착 량을 분석하였고, SEM을 통해 중공사형 기공구조를 확인하였으며, XRD를 통해 촉매의 안정성을 확인하였다. 메탄 산화 실험 결과 LSCF-1928 촉매의 메탄 완전산화 온도는 $475^{\circ}C$ 이었으나, Pd코팅 된 LSCF-1928 촉매는 이보다 낮았으며, $O_2$ 전화 율 또한 일반 LSCF-1928 촉매보다 Pd 코팅 LSCF-1928 촉매가 높았음을 확인하였다.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.121-121
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• 2018

Copper is a promising electronic material due to low cost and high electrical conductivity. However, the oxidation problem in an ambient condition makes a crucial issue in practical applications. In here, we developed a simple and cost-effective Cu patterning method on a flexible PET film by combining a solution processable Cu nanoparticle patterning and a low temperature post-processing using acetic acid treatment, laser sintering process and acid-assisted laser sintering process. Acid-assisted laser sintering processed Cu electrode showed superior characteristics in electrical, mechanical and chemical stability over other post-processing methods. Finally, the Cu electrode was applied to the flexible electronics applications such as flexible and transparent heaters and touch screen panels.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.71-71
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• 2010

Copper oxide thin films were deposited on the p-type Si(100) by r.f. magnetron sputtering as a function of different substrate temperature. The deposited copper oxide thin films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The SEM and SE data show that the thickness of the copper oxide films was about 170 nm. AFM images show that the surface roughness of copper oxide films was increased with increasing substrate temperature. As the substrate temperature increased, monoclinic CuO (111) peak appeared and the crystal size decreased while the monoclinic CuO (-111) peak was independent on the substrate temperature. The oxidation states of Cu 2p and O 1s resulted from XPS were not affected on the substrate temperature. The contact angle measurement was also studied and indicated that the surface of copper oxide thin films deposited high temperature has more hydrophobic surface than that of deposited at low temperature.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 X선 광전자 분광법(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)을 이용하여 ZIRLO (ZIRconium Low Oxidation) 피복관의 표면 산화 거동을 연구하였다. 산화 시간 (10-336 시간, $500^{\circ}C$) 및 산화 온도 ($400-700^{\circ}C$, 10 시간)에 따른 산화 특성변화를 관찰하였다. XPS peak 분석 결과, $500^{\circ}C$에서 산화된 피복관의 산화 시간이 24 시간이 될 때 $ZrO_2$ peak가 11.86% 관찰되었으며, 이후 산화 시간이 길어질수록 $ZrO_2$의 비율이 17.93%까지 (336 시간) 증가하는 것이 확인되었다. 반면, 10 시간 산화된 피복관에서 5.68% 존재하던 ZrO 상은 산화 시간이 24 시간으로 늘어남에 따라 사라지는 것이 관찰되었다. 산화 온도 증가에 의한 영향 분석 결과에서는 산화 온도가 $400^{\circ}C$에서 500, 600, $700^{\circ}C$로 증가할 때 ZrO 상의 비율이 0% 부터 5.68, 8.31, 9.16%로 증가하는 것이 확인되었다. 이 때, $ZrO_2$ 상은 $700^{\circ}C$에서 산화된 시료에서만 관찰되었다. ZrO 상의 형성 메커니즘은 불명확하지만, 고온에서 공기 중의 수분과 Zr의 반응으로 인해 $Zr(OH)_4$ 상의 형성이 가속되는 것으로 예상된다. 본 논문에는 $500^{\circ}C$에서 산화된 ZIRLO 피복관과 이들의 염소화 반응 특성에 대한 논의도 포함되었으며, 염소화 반응 진행 가능성에 있어서 산화막의 두께가 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 보여진다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2017

This study is carried out to obtain basic data regarding oxidation and reduction reactions, originated on the recycling of waste tungsten hard scraps by oxidation and reduction processes. First, it is estimated that the theoretical Gibbs free energy for the formation reaction of $WO_2$ and $WO_3$ are calculated as ${\Delta}G_{1,000K}=-407.335kJ/mol$ and ${\Delta}G_{1,000K}=-585.679kJ/mol$, from the thermodynamics data reported by Ihsan Barin. In the experiments, the oxidation of pure tungsten rod by oxygen is carried out over a temperature range of $700-1,000^{\circ}C$ for 1 h, and it is possible to conclude that the oxidation reaction can be represented by a relatively linear relationship. Second, the reduction of $WO_2$ and $WO_3$ powder by hydrogen is also calculated from the same thermodynamics data, and it can be found that it was difficult for the reduction reaction to occur at $1,027^{\circ}C$, in the case of $WO_2$, but it can happen for temperatures higher than $1127^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, $WO_3$ reduction reaction occurs at the relatively low temperature of $827^{\circ}C$. Based on these results, the reduction experiments are carried out at a temperature range of $500-1,000^{\circ}C$ for 15 min to 4 h, in the case of $WO_3$ powder, and it is possible to conclude that the reduction at $900^{\circ}C$ for 2h is needed for a perfect reduction reaction.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1974

반응온도 $40^{\circ}C∼95^{\circ}C$에서 일산화탄소를 여러가지 온도에서 처리한 산화니켈을 촉매로 하여 산화시켰다. 일산화탄소의 산화 속도는 낮은 온도에서 진공속에서 처리한 산화니켈상에서 제일 빠르다. 이때 반응속도는 일차 반응에 따르며 활성화 에너지는 이 반응온도 범위에서 4kcal정도이다. 공기중에서 $NiCO_3$를 분해하여 얻은 산화니켈촉매는 반응 온도가 $95^{\circ}C$이상에서도 활성이 없다. 그러나 이산화 니켈을 진공에서 처리했을 경우 이 반응온도 범위에서 활성이 있다. 이때 산화니켈의 비화학 양론적인 과량의 산소가 일산화탄소의 산화속도를 지배하는 것 같다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.390-397
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• 2010

0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalysts are prepared by deposition-precipitation method for the preferential CO oxidation In order to investigate the effect of pH on the Ru dispersion and particle size, the pH of precursor solution is adjusted to between 5.5 and 9.5. 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared at the pH of 6.5 has high Ru dispersion of 17.9% and small particle size of 7.7nm. In addition, 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared at the pH 6.5 is easily reduced at low temperatures below $150^{\circ}C$ due to high dispersion of $RuO_2$ particle and shows high CO conversion over 90% in the wide temperature range between $100^{\circ}C$ and $160^{\circ}C$. Moreover, the deposition-precipitation is a feasible method to improve the Ru dispersion as compared to the impregnation method. The 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalyst prepared by deposition-precipitation exhibits higher CO conversion than 0.5wt% Ru/$\alpha-Al_2O_3$ catalysts prepared by impregnation due to higher metal dispersion and better reducibility at low temperature.