• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.653-658
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• 2006

The enormous increase in the use of fossil energy sources throughout the world has caused severe air pollution and a depletion of energy. Besides, it seems very difficult to comply with the upcoming stringent emission standards in vehicles. In order to develop low emission engines, research on better qualified fuels as alternative fuels to secure high engine performance becomes a more important issue than ever. Since sulfur contained in diesel fuel is transformed in sulfate-laden particulate matters when a catalyst is applied, it is necessary to provide low sulfur fuels before any Pt-based oxidation catalysts are applied. But the excessive reduction of sulfur levels may cause the lubricity of fuel and engine performance to degrade. In this aspect, biodiesel fuel derived from rice bran is applied to compensate viscosity lost in the desulfurization treatment. This research is focused on the performance of an 11,000cc diesel engine and the emission characteristics by the introduction of ULSD(Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel), BD20(Diesel 80%+Biodiesel 20%) and a diesel oxidation catalyst, where BD20 is used to improve the lubricity of fuel in fuel injection systems as fuel additives or alternative fuels.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.870-876
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• 2005

It seems very difficult to comply with upcoming stringent emission standards in vehicles. To develop low emission engines, better quality of automotive fuels must be achieved. Since sulfur contents in diesel fuels are transformed to sulfate-laden particulate matters as a catalyst is applied, it is necessary to provide low sulfur fuels before any Pt-based oxidation catalysts are applied. In general, flash point, distillation $90\%$ and cetane index are improved but viscosity can be worse in the process of desulfurization of diesel fuel. Excessive reduction of sulfur may cause to degrade viscosity of fuels and engine performance in fuel injection systems. This research focused on the performance of an 11,000 cc diesel engine and emission characteristics by the introduction of ULSD, bio-diesel and a diesel oxidation catalyst, where the bio-diesel was used to improve viscosity of fuels in fuel injection systems as fuel additives or alternative fuels.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2003

Automobile industry has been developed rapidly as a key manufacturing industry in Korea. Meanwhile, air pollution is getting worse noticeably than ever. In the diesel emission, PM (Particulate Matter) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) have been exhausted with a great amount and the corresponding emission regulations are getting stringent. In order to develop low emission engines, it is necessary to research on better qualified fuels. Sulfur contained in fuel is transformed to sulfur compound by DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) and then it causes to the increase of sulfate-laden PM on the surface of catalyst. In this research, ULSD (Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel) is used as a fuel and some experimental results are investigated. ULSD can reduce not only PM but also gas materials because cetane value, flash point, distillation 90%, pour point and viscosity are improved in the process of desulfurization. However, excessively reduced sulfur may cause to decease lubricity of fuel and engine performance in fuel injection system. Therefore, it requires only modest adjusted amount of sulfur can improve engine performance and DOC, as well as decrease of emission.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.332-340
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• 2000

The reduction of sulfur content in the diesel fuel has caused the poor lubricity of diesel fuel in the distributor type injection pumps of diesel engines that use the diesel for lubrication of their moving parts. To investigate the reason for poor lubricity of low sulfur diesel fuels, the wear scar diameters by HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) were measured on the diesel fuels from Korean markets and the results were compared with their physical and chemical properties. Also, the lubricity change and the improvement effects on lubricity additives for the ultra low sulfur diesel fuel, were made experimentally, that will be regulated to a maximum of 0.005 wt% from about 2005 were evaluated. As a result, a good correlation was found between the wear scar diameter and the polyaromatic compound which includes heterocyclic compound in the diesel fuel. It was also found that the content of polyaromatic compound including heterocyclic compound was affected by the amount of desulfurization treatment fraction. And the lubricity additives with ester base were more effective than that with acid base on the ultra low sulfur diesel fuel. Therefore, it is suggested that the factors affecting the lubricity stated above should be taken into account to improve the lubricity property of the diesel fuel in the refining process.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2021

The International Maritime Organization(IMO)는 2020년 1월 1일부터 국제항해 선박에 사용되는 모든 연료의 황분을 0.5 % 이하로 제한하고 있다. 연료유 황 함유량 규제 대응을 위해 LNG 선박, SOx scrubbers, 저유황유(Very Low-Sulfur Fuel Oil, VLSFO) 사용 등이 고려되고 있으며, 이 중 투자비용이 상대적으로 적은 저유황유가 선호되고 있다. 따라서 저유황유를 사용하는 선박이 증가함에 따라 오염사고 위험성이 높아질 것으로 예상된다. 특히, 해수 온도가 저유황유의 유동점 이하로 유출될 경우 고형화됨에 따라 방제에 어려움을 겪고 있는 사례도 나타나고 있다. 본 논문에서는 국내서 생산되는 저유황유 6종과 고유황유(MF380) 1종에 대해 해수 온도 조건에 따라 유처리제의 분산 능력을 평가하였다. 연구결과, 저유황유는 국내 기준(0.5 min 정치 60 % 이상, 10 min 정치 20 % 이상)을 만족하지 못했으며, 고유황유에 비해 상대적으로 낮은 유화율을 보였다. 본 연구결과는 저유황유가 해상에 유출될 경우, 방제방향을 설정하는 데 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2004

To develop a low emission engine, it is necessary to obtain some better quality of automotive fuels. Sulfur in fuel is transformed to sulfate-laden PM as DOC is applied. Therefore, it necessary to provide low sulfur fuels before DOC is applied. According to the specification of test fuels, flash point, distillation 90％, cetane index are improved but viscosity is decreased in the process of desulfurization. Excessively reduced sulfur may cause to decrease lubricity of fuel and engine performance in fuel injection system. Therefore, this research was emphasized how the application of Bio-diesel affects on the emission characteristics and engine performance under the circumstance of ULSD and DOC.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.138-142
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• 1998

Among aftertreatment devices which reduce exhaust gas of diesel engine, diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC) with high reduction efficiency for gaseous matter and particulate matter is now being studied actively. In this study, an experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of low sulfur diesel fuel in heavy duty diesel engine equipped with DOC. We tested to estimate change of engine performance for the low and high sulfur diesel fuels in a 11,000cc diesel engine equipped with DOC. We conducted test to estimate the reduction efficiency of exhaust gas in D-13 mode of heavy duty diesel regulation mode and in smoke opacity mode for two samples of high sulfur content (0.2%) and low sulfur content(0.05%)

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.103-110
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• 1986

Since sulfur dioxide is released from the oxidation of sulfur in fuel, the level of $SO_2$ in industrial areas can be effectively managed by optimizing the allocation of fuels: the fuel should be allocated to each industries so as to achieve the air quality goal in the area with minimum fuel cost. The solution for this can be by solved using linear programming technique incorporated with the Gaussian dispersion equation. When this method was applied in Ulsan Industrial Complex, 39.3% of fuel expense could be saved compared with the present uniform fuel policy. With this method, bituminous coal generally was allocated to big emission sources such as power plants or to industries sparsely located in remote areas, and LPG or low-sulfur oils to small or medium-size sources in dense indurstrial aras. However, the particulates emission will increase with this policy, because it maximizes the use of coal within the limit to achieve the air quality goal in the area.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2006

Recently, lots of researchers have been attracted to develop various alternative fuels and to use renewable fuels in order to solve the exhaust emission problems. DME (Dimethylether) is synthetic fuel, and can be produced from natural gas, coal and biomass. The emission is clean because it contains little sulfur and aromatic components In this study, the fuel was tested to investigate the applicability as an alternative fuel for diesel. This study was carried out by comparing the exhaust emissions and performance of diesel engine with DME, ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel), LSD (low sulfur diesel) respectively. In order to measure regulated emissions, CO, $NO_{3}$, HC from vehicle different fuel types were used on chassis dynamometer CVS (constant volume sampler)-75 mode and EPA TO-I1A method was chosen for aldehydes analysis.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1999

Recently among after-treatment devices which have high possibility of utility diesel oxidation catalyst(DOC) is concerned over the world. DOC oxidizes pollutants by means of activate-reaction during by-passing in the catalyst in doing so conversion efficiency of PM, CO and HC is high and this device does not have an effect on engine performance because back pressure is not nearly increased, But as a small amount of sulfur content in fuel is oxidized it makes sulfate which is absorbed on the surface of catalyst. So in this study the experiment is carried out by means of using ordinary fuel(0.1wt%) and low sulfur fuel(0.05wt%) with DOC and the emission gas of diesel engine is measured.