• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2012

One of the effective ways to reduce both $NO_x$ and PM at the same time in a diesel CI engine is to operate the engine in low temperature combustion (LTC) regimes. In general, two strategies are used to realize the LTC operation-dilution controlled LTC and late injection LTC - and in this study, the former approach was used. In the dilution controlled regime, LTC is achieved by supplying a large amount of EGR to the cylinder. The significant EGR gas increases the heat capacity of in-cylinder charge mixture while decreasing oxygen concentration of the charge, activating low temperature oxidation reaction and lowering PM and $NO_x$ emissions. However, use of high EGR levels also deteriorates combustion efficiency and engine power output. Therefore, it is widely considered to use increased intake pressure as a way to resolve this issue. In this study, the effects of intake pressure variations on performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine operated in LTC regimes were examined. LTC operation was achieved in less than 8% $O_2$ concentration and thus a simultaneous reduction of both PM and $NO_x$ emission was confirmed. As intake pressure increased, combustion efficiency was improved so that THC and CO emissions were decreased. A shift of the peak Soot location was also observed to lower $O_2$ concentration while $NO_x$ levels were kept nearly zero. In addition, an elevation of intake pressure enhanced engine power output as well as indicated thermal efficiency in LTC regimes. All these results suggested that LTC operation range can be extended and emissions can be further reduced by adjusting intake pressure.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1630-1636
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• 2003

Automobile companies and research institutions in leading automobile-manufacturing nations have recently been very active with research regarding the HCCI engine for use in future vehicles. Because HCCI engines take advantage of high compression ratio and heat release rate, they exhibit high efficiency found in compression ignition engines. HCCI engines also utilize a lean air/fuel ratio resulting in low emissions of NO$_{x}$ and PM (particulate matter). The objective of this research is to determine the effects of EGR rate on the combustion processes of HCCI. for this purpose, a 4-cylinder, compression ignition engine was converted into a HCCI engine, and a heating device was installed to raise the temperature of the intake air and also to make it more consistent. In addition, a pressure sensor was inserted into each of the cylinders to investigate the differences in characteristics among the cylinders. The experimental study of the effects of EGR rate on various gas emissions, engine performance, etc. should prove to be a valuable source of information for the development of the HCCI engine.e.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2016

Exhaust gas recirculation has the advantage of being low-cost and easy to control of NOx emission. Therefore, it is most generally used to reduce NOx emission according to strengthen regulation. In the case of a non-road engine, such as the agricultural engine, since it mainly operate a middle or high-load state, NOx emission is decreased in accordance with the mapping range of the EGR rate, but results in an increase in the particulate matter which is caused to deposit and fouling problem of the EGR system. This problem has become an important issue for maintaining the performance of the engine, as well as emission performance. This study had examined the effects of cooler aging on the performance of heat transfer efficiency and NOx emission in non-road diesel engine. As a result of the EGR cooler aging during 200 hours engine operation, the cooling performance decreased about 25% compared with that of fresh cooler and the NOx emission increased about 14.6% on NRSC(non-road steady cycle) and 20% on NRTC(non-road transient cycle) compared with that of fresh cooler respectively.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2007

It is well known that two representative methods satisfy EURO-IV regulation from EURO-III. The first method is to achieve the regulation through the reduction of NOx in an engine by utilizing relatively high EGR rate and the elimination of subsequently increased PM by DPF. However, it results in the deterioration of fuel economy due to relatively high EGR rate. The second is to use the high combustion strategy to reduce PM emission by high oxidation rate and trap the high NOx emissions with DeNOx catalysts such as Urea-SCR. While it has good fuel economy relative to the first method mentioned above, its infrastructure is demanded. In this paper, the number distribution of nano PM has been evaluated by Electrical Low Pressure Impactor(ELPI) and CPC in case of Urea-SCR system in second method. From the results, the particle number was increased slightly in proportion to the amount of urea injection on Fine Particle Region, whether AOC is used or not. Especially, in case of different urea injection pressure, the trends of increasing was distinguished from low and high injection pressure. As low injection pressure, the particle number was increased largely in accordance with the amount of injected urea solution on Fine Particle Region. But Nano Particle Region was not. The other side, in case of high pressure, increasing rate of particle number was larger than low pressure injection on Nano Particle Region. From the results, the reason of particle number increase due to urea injection is supposed that new products are composited from HCNO, sulfate, NH3 on urea decomposition process.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.759-765
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• 2012

1.7L 커먼레일 직접분사 디젤 엔진을 이용하여 1500rpm 3.9bar BMEP 조건에서 세가지 연소 전략에 따른 배기가스 배출 특성 및 탄화수소 종 분석을 수행하였다. 첫째 전략은 EGR 을 사용하지 않고 연료 분할 분사를 이용하는 방법(split injection), 둘째는 적절한 EGR 적용 및 단일 연료분사 방법(single-1)이며 셋째는 다량의 EGR 및 레일 압력 증대 등을 통한 저온디젤연소(single-2)이다. 본 실험 조건으로부터 split injection 방법과 single-1 방법은 PM-NOx 상반 관계를 보였고, single-2 방법은 PM-NOx 상관관계에서 벗어나 PM 및 NOx 동시 저감이 가능하였다. 탄화수소 종 분석 결과, THC 배출 경향과 동일하게 탄소번호에 관계없이 split injection 이 가장 적은 배출을 보였고, single-1 그리고 single-2 의 순서로 많이 배출하였다. 메탄, 아세틸렌 및 CO 의 THC 에 대한 비율은 공연비가 농후해 짐에 따라서 증가하였고 이는 공연비가 농후에 따른 연소 영역에서 산소 농도 감소로 열해리가 증가하였기 때문이다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.3013-3018
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• 2008

Supercharging system was adopted to investigate the influence of boost pressure on operating range, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust emissions by using a supercharger at low temperature diesel combustion (LTC) condition in a 5-cylinder 2.7 L direct injection diesel engine. The experimental parameters such as injection quantity, injection timing, injection pressure and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rate were varied to find maximum operating range. The result showed that operating range with boost was expanded up to 41.9% compared to naturally aspirated LTC condition due to increased mixing intensity. The boosted LTC engine showed low BSFC value and dramatically reduced soot emission under all operating range compared with high speed direct injection (HSDI) mode. Finally, this paper presents the boosted LTC map of emission and the strategy of improved engine operating range.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.857-862
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• 2004

HCCI engines take advantage of high compression ratio and heat release rate, they exhibit high efficiency in compression ignition engines. HCCI engines also utilize a lean air/fuel ratio resulting in low emissions of NOx and particulate matter(PM). The objective of this research is to determine the effects of EGR rate on the combustion processes of HCCI. For this purpose, a 4-cylinder, compression ignition engine was converted into a HCCI engine, and a heating device was installed to raise the temperature of the intake air and also to make it more consistent. In addition, a pressure sensor was inserted into each of the cylinders to investigate the differences in characteristics among the cylinders.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2004

This paper is concerned with the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine as a new concept in engines and a power source for future automotive applications. Essentially a combination of spark ignition and compression ignition engines, the HCCI engine exhibits low NOx and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions as well as high efficiency under part load. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) rate on the combustion processes of HCCI. For this purpose, a 4-cylinder, compression ignition engine was converted into a HCCI engine, and a heating device was installed to raise the temperature of the intake air and also to make it more consistent. In addition, a pressure sensor was inserted into each of the cylinders to investigate the differences in characteristics among the cylinders.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2015

Marine diesel engines with high thermal efficiency and fuel diversity used for propulsive power have been taking charge of important position on marine transport. However, marine environment has recently focused on emissions such as nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide which is generated from combustion of low grade fuels. EGR(Exhaust gas recirculation) system is one of effective methods to reduce the nitrogen oxide emission from marine diesel engines. In general, it is considered that recirculating gas influences fuel combustion and emissions in diesel engines. However, along with positive effects of EGR, the EGR system using fuels of including high sulfur concentration should be considered about re-combustion and activation of sulfur dioxide in recirculating gas. Therefore, in experimental study, an author investigates effects of sulfur dioxide mixture concentration in intake air on combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a direct injection diesel engine. In results, change of sulfur dioxide concentrations in intake air had negligible impact on combustion chamber pressure, rate of heat release and emissions compared with effects of oxygen decreasing and carbon dioxide increasing of EGR.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2020

자동차에서 배출되는 배기가스 중 질소산화물은 요사이 문제가 되는 미세먼지의 주요 요인 중 하나이다. 질소산화물(NOx)은 고온 조건에서 연소가 진행될 때 발생하므로 연소시 온도를 낮추는 방법으로 발생을 억제하고 있다. 자동차에서는 일반적으로 배기가스 재순환(EGR)을 사용하여 연소 온도를 낮추는 방법으로 감소시킨다. 그러나 EGR 비율이 높아질수록 NOx의 양은 저감되나 연소 안정성의 하락으로 인한 불완전연소 가능성의 증가로 일산화탄소와 미연탄화수소의 양이 증가하여 오히려 오염물질이 증가하는 문제를 발생시킬 수 있다. 여기에서는 연료 입자에 음파를 조사하여 연료 입자의 운동성을 향상시켜 연소가 원활히 진행되게 하여 연소의 안정성을 향상시키는 방안에 대하여 해석적 및 실험적 방법으로 연구하였다. 해석적 방법으로는 유동해석 소프트웨어를 사용하여 연료 입자에 다양한 주파수의 음파를 조사하여 연료 입자의 움직임 변화에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 해석 결과, 작은 연료 입자의 조건에서는 고주파의 음파에 의해 영향을 많이 받고, 연료 입자가 큰 조건에서는 저주파의 음파에 의해 영향을 많이 받아 운동성이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 실험적 방법으로는 연소실을 구성하여 정해진 당량비 조건에서 연소시키며 다양한 주파수의 음파를 조사하며 연소실내 압력을 측정하는 연구를 진행하였다. 측정된 압력으로부터 열방출량을 계산하면 연소의 진행 상황에 대한 정보를 얻을 수 있는데, 실험 결과 초기 연소시 상대적 저주파 조사 조건에서 열방출량이 증가한 것을 확인할 수 있었다.