• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2010

Polymer insulating materials such as cross linked polyethylene (XLPE) are employed in electric cables used for extra high voltage. These materials can degrade due to chemical, mechanical and electric stress, possibly caused by voids, the presence of extrinsic materials and protrusions. Therefore, this study measured discharge patterns, discharge phase angle, quantity and occurrence frequency as well as changes in XLPE under different temperatures and applied voltages. To quantitatively analyze the irregular partial discharge patterns measured, the discharge patterns were examined using a statistical program. A three layer sample was fabricated, wherein the upper and lower layers were composed of non-void XLPE, while the middle layer was composed of an air void and copper particles. After heating to room temperature and $50^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$ in silicone oil, partial discharge characteristics were studied by increasing the voltage from the inception voltage to the breakdown voltage. Partial discharge statistical analysis showed that when the K-means clustering was carried out at 9 kV to determine the void discharge characteristics, the amount discharged at low temperatures was small but when the temperature was increased to $80^{\circ}C$, the discharge amount increased to be 5.7 times more than that at room temperature because electric charge injection became easier. An analysis of the kurtosis and the skewness confirmed that positive and negative polarity had counterclockwise and clockwise clustering distribution, respectively. When 5 kV was applied to copper particles, the K-means was conducted as the temperature changed from $50^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$. The amount of charge at a positive polarity increased 20.3% and the amount of charge at a negative polarity increased 54.9%. The clustering distribution of a positive polarity and negative polarity showed a straight line in the kurtosis and skewness analyses.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 NFC 나 핸드폰, 컴퓨터 등의 정보통신기기에 사용하기 위한 높은 주파수 대역의 전자파 차폐 필름을 개발하기 위하여, 주로 자계를 차폐할 수 있는 니켈 및 실리콘과 철의 합금의 연자성 특성을 연구함에 있어 최적의 합금조성으로 Fe-Si-Cr 합금과 Fe-Ni-Cr 합금의 자성특성에 대하여 연구하였고, 그 결과에 의하여 결정된 합금의 조성비에 따라 각 합금을 용융상태에서 수분산시켜 원형 편상의 연자성 합금분말을 만들었으며, 그들을 수지에 함침시키고 가열 회전 롤러를 이용한 캘린더 가공법으로 두께 0.1 mm 및 1 mm 의 필름을 만든 다음, 저주파에서부터 10GHz 마이크로파대역까지의 전자파에 대한 투자율과 차폐율에 대하여 연구하였다. 또한 본 논문에서는 합금 분말입자의 제조에 앞서, 합금의 투자율을 예측할 수 있는 식을 제안하였으며, 그 식의 합리성을 증명하기 위해 MATLAB을 이용하여 기 발표된 합금들의 투자율과 주파수 특성을 비교적 정확하게 기술하고 있음을 보였고, 그로부터 가장 이상적인 합금의 조성비를 결정하고, 분말입자가 수지에 함침된 필름의 투자율 역시 계산하였다. 전자파 차폐 수지 필름의 차폐율(Shielding Effectiveness)에 대한 시뮬레이션은 HFSS를 이용하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1041-1043
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• 2000

We present the effects of temperature (between 10 K and 298 K) and of hole concentration on the frequency and intensity of characteristic phonons in polycrystalline $La_2CuO_4-related$ compounds using FT-IR spectros-copy. The influences of the concentration of carrier doped on the phonon modes are prominent in the IR spectra of $La_2CuO_4-related$ compounds. For $La_2-xSrxCuO_4({\chi}=$ 0.00, 0.03, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.15) and electrochemically (or chemically) oxidized $La_2CuO_4$, the intensities of the transverse oxygen mode around 680cm $-^1$ which cor-responds mainly to Cu-O(1) stretching vibration in the basal plane of CuO6 octahedron, are decreased and dis-appeared depending on the Sr-substitution rate and the amount of excess oxygen, while the longitudinal oxygen mode around 510 cm $-^1$ corresponding to the Cu-O(2) stretching in the basal plane of CuO6 octahedron are near-ly invariable. In particular, after two cycles of cooling-heating between 10 K and 298 K for these sample, the phonons around 680 cm $-^1$ are blue shif 13-15 cm $-^1$, while the phonons around 510 cm $-^1$ are nearly constant. The introduction of the charge carrier by doping would give rise to the small contraction of CuO6 oc-tahedron as Cu $^3+$ requires a smaller site than Cu $^2+$, which results in the shortening of the Cu-O(1) bond length and Cu-O(2) bond length with the increased La-O(2) bond length. These results in the frequency shift of the characteristic phonons. The IR spectra of $La_2Li0.5Cu0.5O_4$ which exhibits an insulator behavior despite the $Cu^3+$ of nearly 100%, corroborate our IR interpretations. The mode around 710 cm $-^1$ corresponding to Cu-O(1) stretching vibration is still strongly remained even at low temperature (10 K). Thus, we conclude that the con-duction electrons formed within $CuO_2$ planes of $La_2CuO_4-related$ superconductors screen more effectively the transverse oxygen breathing mode around 680 $cm-^1$ depending on the concentration of the doped charge carrier in $La_2CuO_4-related$ compounds, which might use as a superconductivity probe.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2008

Generally CCM (cold crucible melting) is not suitable for melting glass. However, in this study we described the quantitative relationship between the basic property of glass and power balance, the power absorption in the melt, the losses in the coil and the cold crucible, for melting glass in CCM. The dependence of power balance on the applied frequency and the electric conductivity has been found. Above 300 kHz, the glass (B) contained alkali ion which has the low resistance $3.0{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ at $900^{\circ}C$ and $1.36{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ at $1,100^{\circ}C$ was melted easily and 60% of the overall power was absorbed in the melt and 30% and 10% of the overall power was lost in the cold crucible and coil respectively. Under the same condition, the glass (A) contained non-alkali ion was not melted easily and 50% of the overall power was absorbed in the melt and 40% and 10% of the overall power was lost in the cold crucible and coil respectively. In conclusion, the small absorbed power of the overall power in melt prevented a successful melting as for glass A, and the successful melting depends on the relative size of the absorbed power in melt irrespective of the melting volume. Hence, as typical for direct induction heating method(CCM), the successful melting strongly depended on the chosen working frequency based on electric conductivity of glass, power balance and the control of the critical power which was absorbed in melt.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.426-431
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• 2007

고에너지 초음파 여기 탄성파가 물체의 균열, 박리 등의 결함 부위를 통과할 때 서로 맞닿은 결함면은 균일하게 진동하지 않는다. 초음파 입사에 따른 결함 면 사이의 마찰(friction), 문지름 (rubbing) 또는 부딪침(clapping) 에 의해 진동 에너지가 결함 부위에서 국부적인 열로 변환된다. 이를 적외선 열 영상 카메라로 관측하면 구조물의 결함을 실시간으로 검출할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 초음파 열 영상 검사를 이용한 인코넬 합금 박판의 브레이징 접합 결함 검출에 대해 기술한다. 2 kW 의 전력과 23 kHz 대역의 가진 주파수를 갖는 초음파 펄스를 280 ms 기간 동안 인코넬 합금의 브레이징 접합 박판에 입사시켰다. 브레이징 접합부의 결함위치 부근의 인코넬 합금 박판의 양면이 맞닿은 경계선에서 아주 밝은 국부적인 발열(핫 스팟)이 적외선 열 영상 카메라에 의해 관측되었으며 브레이징 접합 결함 위치에서도 미약한 열이 관측되었다. 배경 감산 평균 및 히스토그램 평활화 처리 등의 영상처리를 통해 브레이징 접합의 결함을 확인하였다.

• 지구물리
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.159-167
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• 2005

Turbulent fluxes of sensible heat and latent heat were analyzed at King Sejong station in the austral summer of 2002 (December) and 2003 (January and February). Monthly mean air temperatures of January and February (2.2oC) were similar to those averaged over 1988 to 2001. Precipitation was less in January and greater in February than those averaged over last 14 years. In December of 2002 and January, there was precipitation primarily when easterly wind blew usually. The frequency of snowfall was equal to or larger than that of rainfall. In the mean while, precipitation primarily in forms of rainfall occurred with westerly wind in February. In addition, while for easterly wind, temperature and humidity was low, temperature and humidity were high in case of westerly wind. Based on flux footprint, measured flux mainly came from within 300 m with maximum of 40 m upwind, indicating the insignificant role of the sea around the study site. Half-hourly downward short wave radiation amounted up to ∼ 1000 Wm-2 and net radiation ranged from -50 to 600 Wm-2. Half-hourly sensible heat flux was positive at daytime with maximum of ∼ 400 Wm-2, except the 27th and 28th in February of 2003 when it was negative all day despite of positive net radiation at short daytime. Latent heat flux was positive with maximum of ∼ 130 Wm-2. Depending on wind direction, the partitioning of net radiation into the sum of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux was larger than 0.8, indicating the strong source of the land surface for the atmospheric heating. The daytime averaged Bowen ratio (=sensible heat flux /latent heat flux) was significantly greater than 1, indicating that sensible heat flux was the main source to heat the atmosphere over the site.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제4권
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• pp.102-108
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• 1986

본 시험에서는 저수태우로 판단된 우수한 형질의 젖소를 공란우로 사용하여 과배란처리에 대한 반응 및 수태율에 영향을 주는 계절, 연령, 생식기관내의 이상유무 및 반복사용에 따른 반응을 검토하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 이른 봄(2월~4월)이 좋은 수정란 생산에 제일 좋았으며 수태율은 2월에서 7월까지는 좋았으나 그 이후 저하되었다. 2. 공란우 생식관내의 이상이 있는 경우는 과배란처리 반응 및 수태율이 예상대로 정상우보다 나빴다. 3. 8세우가 4세우보다 수태율이 높았고, 과배란처리 반응에서도 8세우가 4세우보다 약간 좋은 결과를 보였다. 4. 과배란처리 횟수가 많을 수록 첫 번째 과배란처리 보다 배란수(32:41) 및 수태율(68.4:85.7%)이 증가되었다.(단 3차반복까지) 5. 6두의 공란우에서 9회의 채란을 하여 좋은 수정란 38개를 생산했고, 이중 33개를 이식하여 25두가 임신되었다. 6. 본 실험에서 저수태우를 수정란 이식을 위한 공란우로 재이용하여 그 경제성을 높일 수 있는 가능성을 확실히 제시하고 있다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.60-70
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• 1986

한국인에 있어서 혈청 dopamine-${\beta}$-hydroxylase(DBH)에 대한 유전적 양상을 알아 보기 위해 정상성인 327명에서 혈청 DBH활성도 및 thermostability를 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 정상성인 327명의 평균혈청 DBH 활성도는 $18.3{\pm}4.5(SD)umol/min/l$였으며 연령 및 성별에 따른 차이는 없었다. 2. 혈청 DBH활성도의 분포는 unimodol한 분포를 보였으며 매우 낮은 효소 활성도는 관찰할 수 없었다. 3. 정상성인 327명의 평균 thermostability index(H/C : heated-to-control)는 $0.90{\pm}0.17(SD)$ 이었으며 연령 및 성별에 따른 차이는 없었다. 4. H/C 비의 분포는 unimodal한 homogenous분포를 보였다. 5. 혈청 DBH 활성도와 thermosta bility 사이에는 유의한 역상관 관계가 있었다. (r=-0.39, p<0.01). 6. H/C 0.7 미만인 군의 평균 혈청 DBH 활성도는 $22.2{\pm}4.5(SD)umol/min/l$ 였으며 H/C 1.09이상인 군의 평균 혈청 DBH 활성도는 $15.5{\pm}33(SD)umol/min/l$로서 유의한 차이가 있었다(P<0.01). 이상의 결과에서 정상 한국인에 있어서 혈청 DBH 활성도 및 thermostability의 분포 양상이 Caucasian과는 상당히 다른 점을 알 수 있었다.