• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2008

To understand the effect of the cyclic strain rate on the environmentally assisted cracking behaviors of SA508 Gr.1a low alloy steel in deoxygenated water at $310^{\circ}C$, the fatigue surface and a sectioned area of specimens were observed after low cycle fatigue tests. On the fatigue surface of the specimen tested at a strain rate of 0.008 %/s, unclear ductile striations and a blunt crack tip were observed. Therefore, metal dissolution could be the main cracking mechanism of the material at this strain rate. On the other hand, on the fatigue surfaces of the specimens tested at strain rates of 0.04 and 0.4 %/s, brittle cracks and flat facets, which are evidences of the hydrogen induced cracking, were observed. In addition, a tendency of linkage between the main crack and the micro-cracks was observed on the sectioned area. Therefore, at higher strain rates, the main cracking mechanism could be hydrogen induced cracking. Additionally, evidence of the dissolved MnS inclusions was observed on the fatigue surface from energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer analyses. Thus, despite the low sulfur content of the test material, the sulfides seem to contribute to environmentally assisted cracking of SA508 Gr.1a low alloy steel in deoxygenated water at $310^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.12 s.177
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• pp.149-155
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• 2005

The rotating components such as turbine rotors in service are generally subjected to multiaxial cyclic loading conditions. The prediction of fatigue lift for turbine rotor components under complex multiaxial loading conditions is very important to prevent the fatigue failures in service. In this paper, axial and torsional low cycle fatigue tests were preformed for 3.5NiCrMo steels serviced low pressure turbine rotor of nuclear power plant. Several methods to predict biaxial fatigue life such as Tresca, von Mises and Brown & Miller's critical plane approach were evaluated to correlate the experimental results for serviced NiCrMoV steel. The fracture mode and fatigue characteristics of NiCrMoV steel were discussed based on the results of fatigue tests performed under the axial and torsional test conditions. In particular, the Brown and Miller's critical plane approach was found to best correlate the experimental data with predictions being within a factor of 2.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1626-1635
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• 1997

It is important to ensure the reliability of the first localized reactor vessel steel. To satisfy with this purpose, a study on the impact/hardness, low cycle fatigue(LCF), crack growth rate(da/dN) and fracture toughness( ) of base material(BM) and weld metal(WM) were performed under room temperature air and corrosion conditions. A summary of the results is as folows : (1) Charpy impact absorbed energy of BM was the highest value, heat affected zoon(HAZ) and the lowest, WM. The hardness of BM was similar to HAZ. (2) Coefficients of Manson equation using the monotonic tensile test data were obtained for the present material. (3) The effects of stress ratio and ambient (120.deg. C and NaCl) condition on da/dN were investigated, da/dN with NaCl condition expressed the highest value. (4) The results of Charpy V-notch impact test had good correlation with $K_{IC}$ characteristics and the lowest curve of $K_{IC}$ for BM was derived, more researches about WM and HAZ are required hereafter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.73-82
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• 2017

Low-cycle thermal fatigue problem resulting from multiple use of a liquid rocket engine has to be considered for the development of a reusable launch vehicle. In this study, life prediction equations suggested by previous researchers were compared as applied to various copper alloy cases to predict fatigue lives from tensile test data. The present study has revealed that among the presently considered life prediction methods, universal slopes method provides the best life prediction result for the copper alloys, and the modified Mitchell's method provides the best life prediction result for oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.2752-2759
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• 1996

This paper presents crack growth analysis approach on the basis of neural networks, a branch of cognitive science to high temperature low cycle fatigue that shows strong nonlinearity in material behavior. As the number of data patterns on crack growth increase, pattern classification occurs well and two point representation scheme with gradient of crack growth curve simulates crack growth rate better than one point representation scheme. Optimal number of learning data exists and excessive number of learning data increases estimated mean error with remarkable learning time J-da/dt relation predicted by neural networks shows that test condition with unlearned data is simulated well within estimated mean error(5%).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-30
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• 2017

Austenitic Stainless Steels (ASSs) are widely used as structural materials in the pressurized water reactors (PWRs) because of their superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, it is well known that ASSs are susceptible to the environmental assisted cracking (EAC) such as environmental assisted fatigue (EAF) during the long term operation. There have been extensive tests and researches to understand the extent and the mechanisms of environmental effects. In this paper, the world-wide EAF test results of ASSs are introduced including those of Korean test programs. The suggested EAF mechanisms of ASSs are also discussed. Finally, the areas of further research to resolve the issue of EAF are suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.9 no.2 s.31
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• pp.193-204
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• 1997

In order to quantify the relationships of the important physical factors relating failure to strong earthquake loading, the plastic fatigue problems for structural components under repeated loading were reviewed first. A new concept of very low cycle fatigue failure for structural components under severe cyclic excitations as in strong earthquakes was represented. Also, an experimental study was made of the very low cycle fatigue failure of structural steel elements. It was attempted to realize the ultimate failure in the course of loading repetitions of the order of several to twenty. The test specimen had a form of rectangular plate, representing a thin-plated element in a steel member as wide-flange cross section. It was subjected to uniaxial loading repeatedly, until complete failure takes place after undergoing inelastic buckling, plastic elongation and/or their combination. It was seen as a result that the state of the ultimate failure is closely related to the maximum strain at the extreme fiber in the cross section.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2003

Environment-dependent fatigue life of Cu-Cd alloy wires used as messenger wires was investigated. Tensile test results showed the decrease of tensile strength and elongation of messenger wires by 3.7% and 16.8%, respectively, in used specimens when compared to new ones. Messenger wires used at industrial region for 26 yeras showed 35∼50% decrease in fatigue life, which is partly due to the in stress concentrations by formation of corrosion products at the surface. Single wires showed better fatigue properties than stranded wires, especially at low cycle regions with higher stresses. Stranded wires showed shorter fatigue lives than single wires because of friction between wires by surface contact. Service life of messenger wires was dependent upon the environments which they were exposed to. SO$_2$ and humidity deteriorated the fatigue properties by environmental degradation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1999

The fatigue life tests were performed in strain control with triangular and hole-time wave-forms at $650^{\circ}C$. The fatigue lifes were investigated according to waveform examining damage mechanisms, which could be used to predict the fatigue life and estimate the remaining life. The results obtained are as follows; The fatigue lifes were in order of the fast-fast>the fast-slow>the slow-fast in the triangular waveforms, and the fatigue lifes in slow-fast waveforms got shorter in the hold-time waveforms. The damage mechanisms of the fracture surfaces were transgranular fracture in the fast-fast, the fast-slow waveforms and intergranular fracture in the slow-fast waveform.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.169-181
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• 1995

This study has been performed to investigate some effects of the power density and traverse speed of laser beam on the optical microstructure, hardness and fatigue resistance of gray cast iron treated by laser surface hardening technique. Optical micrograph has shown that the dissolution of graphite flakes and the coarsening of lath martensite tend to increase with a small amount of retained austenite as the power density increases under the condition of a given traverse speed. Hardness measurements have revealed that as the power density increases, hardness values of outermost surface layer increases from Hv=620 to Hv=647 in case of traverse speed of 2.0m/min at gray cast iron. Fatigue test has exhibited that the fatigue strength of laser surface hardened specimen is superier compared to that of untreated specimen, showing that values for the fatigue strength at $N_f=10^7$ of gray cast iron laser-surface-hardened at a low power density of $4076w/cm^2$ and a high power density of $8153w/cm^2$ under the condition of a given traverse speed of 2.0m/min are $15kg_f/mm^2$ and $20kg_f/mm^2$, respectively, whereas the fatigue strength of untreated specimen is $11kg_f/mm^2$. Under high stress-low cycle condition a noraml brittleness fracture appears, whereas a ductile fracture with beach mark is observed in the specimen tested under low stress-high cycle condition.