• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권11호
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• pp.613-625
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• 2017

낚시터로 장기 임대중인 농업용 저수지 2곳을 대상으로 낚시터 영향권(effective zone) 2지점의 퇴적물과 비영향권(ineffective zone) 1지점의 퇴적물을 호기(oxic)와 무산소(anoxic) 조건을 조성한 실험실 코어배양법(laboratory core incubation)을 이용해 영양염류 용출시험을 2회씩 실시하였다. 용출 실험동안 상등수 내 DO, EC, pH, ORP의 변화는 낚시터 영향구간과 비영향 구간 사이에 유의할만한 차이는 관측되지 않았으며(p>0.05), 농업용 저수지의 퇴적물-심층수 확산경계면과 유사한 환경으로 조성되었다. 질산성 질소($NO_3{^-}-N$)를 제외하고 암모니아성 질소($NH_4{^+}-N$), 총인(T-P), 인산염 인($PO{_4}^{3-}-P$)이 호기 보다는 무산조 조건에서 통계학적으로 유의한 수준(p<0.05)으로 퇴적물에서 상등수로 더 많은 용출량이 측정되었다. 이는 상등수 내 DO 농도 감소에 따라 미생물 매개의 암모늄화가 촉진되고 질산화 작용이 억제되어 암모니아성 질소가 퇴적물에서 상등수로 확산 용출되고, 퇴적물 표층의 산화층이 환원되어 유기물에 결합된 인과 금속 산화물과 결합된 인의 해리 등을 통해 인산염인이 퇴적물에서 상등수로 확산용출이 가속화되었기 때문이다. 낚시터 영향권과 비영향권 사이 영양염류 용출량(benthic nutrient diffusive flux)값의 차이는 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). 따라서 농업용 저수지 내 낚시활동이 퇴적물의 영양염류 용출량을 통계학적으로 유의한 수준으로 증대시키지 않는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 결과는 농업용 저수지 설립년도 대비 10여년의 단기간 낚시활동으로 인해 퇴적물 오염 기여도가 비교적 낮고, 코어배양법의 속도제한된 확산(rate-limited diffusion)으로 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 호기와 무산소 조건 모두에서 퇴적물 내 영양염류 총량과 영양염류 용출량 사이에 유의적 상관관계가 도출되지 않았다. 따라서 농업용 저수지 수질오염의 가속화가 낚시활동으로 인한 직접적 원인보다는 유역에서 유입되는 다양한 비점오염원 내 영양염류가 주요 요인으로 판단되며, 영양염류의 용출을 저감하기 위해 포기 및 물순환 등을 통해 심층수의 빈산소화를 억제할 필요가 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.153-174
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• 2012

Micromechanical facture models can be used to predict ductile fracture in steel structures. In order to calibrate the parameters in the micromechanical models for the largely used Q345 steel in China, uniaxial tensile tests, smooth notched tensile tests, cyclic notched bar tests, scanning electron microscope tests and finite element analyses were conducted in this paper. The test specimens were made from base metal, deposit metal and heat affected zone of Q345 steel to investigate crack initiation in welded steel connections. The calibrated parameters for the three different locations of Q345 steel were compared with that of the other seven varieties of structural steels. It indicates that the toughness index parameters in the stress modified critical strain (SMCS) model and the void growth model (VGM) are connected with ductility of the material but have no correlation with the yield strength, ultimate strength or the ratio of ultimate strength to yield strength. While the damage degraded parameters in the degraded significant plastic strain (DSPS) model and the cyclic void growth model (CVGM) and the characteristic length parameter are irrelevant with any properties of the material. The results of this paper can be applied to predict ductile fracture in welded steel connections.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism causing scour around a pipeline placed on the seabed in a shallow water zone. Such submarine pipelines are usually exposed to currents and waves. The present experiments made estimates for each different flow type. The scour width and depth in the equilibrium scour phase were analyzed by non-dimensional parameters. The experiment in this study considered various parameters: pipe diameters, wave periods, wave heights, and current velocities. Using the experimental results, the correlations of scour width, scour depth, and main non-dimensional parameters such as the Fr number and KC number were analyzed. In the case of steady currents, the scour hole was closely related to the bottom velocity, while the scour hole in waves showed a relatively low correlation to the bottom velocity because when exposed to waves the scour hole was restricted according to the movement distance of the water particles during a wave period. However, the scour width under a steady current was not limited because vortex shedding was well developed from having enough time and distance.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.595-604
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• 1997

To investigate characteristics of biogeochemical environment of the Korea Deep Ocean Study(KODOSI area in the northeast Pacific Ocean, we preferentially measured Inorganic nutrients and fluorescent organic matters. Typically. the permanent thermocline was well developed at the depth of 200~1000m In the study area. Nitrate. phosphate and silicate were low In the surface mixed layer and Increased with depth. N/P and N/Si showed 15 and 0.2 respectively In the deeper layer. Two fluorophores, biomacromolecule(protein-like) and geomacromolecule (humid-like) , were observed by three dimensional fluorescence excltatlon/ emission spectra matrix. Biomacromolecule(maximum fluorescence at $Ex_{280m}/Em_{330nm}$) ranged from 41.9 to 147.0 TU with its maximum In the surface mixed layer and minimum in deeper water, This is a same trend that has been reported for DOC in the equatorial Pacific. This suggests that biomacromolecule might be labile and converted to refractory humic substance after bacterial degradation In the deeper layer. On the contrary, geomacromolecule(maximum fluorescence at $Ex_{330m}/Em_{430m}$), ranged from 7.6 to 46.5 QSU, showed minimum in the surface nixed layer(euphotic zone) Implying photodegradation and then increased with depth at all stations. In the characteristics of vertical profiles, the relationship between biomacromolecule and geomacromolecule showed negative correlation. Such trend can be attributed to biochemical regeneration or formation of fluorescent materials accompanying oxidation and rennnerallzation of settling organic matter.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.76-84
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• 1992

In this study, corrosion fatigue test of SAPH45 steel was performed by the use of plane behavior of base metal (BM) and heat affected zone (HAZ) of SAPH45. The main results obtained are as follows: 1) The more aspect ratio (b/t) of corner crack decreases, the more aspect ratio (b/a) takes greatly effect by corrosion. 2) The correlation between the stress intensity factor range ($\Delta$k) and crack growth rate (da/dN) for weldment in seawater is given by Paris rule as follow: da/dN=C($\Delta$K) super(m). Where m is constant, and the value is 3.82-3.84. 3) The accelerative factor ($\alpha$) of BM and HAZ under seawater is about 1.1-1.9, and ($\alpha$) of HAZ increases more and more under the low $\Delta$K region. 4) HAZ is more susceptible to corrowion than BM because of potential of electrode (E sub(c)) of HAZ becomes more less noble potential than that of BM.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.211-223
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• 2008

A number of studies have suggested that the use of high ductile and high shear materials, such as Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) and High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (HPFRCC), significantly enhances the shear capacity of structural elements, even with/without shear reinforcements. The present study emphasizes the development of a nonlinear model of shear behaviour of a HPFRCC panel for application to the seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete buildings. To model the shear behaviour of HPFRCC panels, the original Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT) for conventional reinforced concrete panels has been newly revised for reinforced HPFRCC panels, and is referred to here as the HPFRCC-MCFT model. A series of experiments was conducted to assess the shear behaviour of HPFRCC panels subjected to pure shear, and the proposed shear model has been verified through an experiment involving panel elements under pure shear. The proposed shear model of a HPFRCC panel has been applied to the prediction of seismic retrofitted reinforced concrete buildings with in-filled HPFRCC panels. In retrofitted structures, the in-filled HPFRCC element is regarded as a shear spring element of a low-rise shear wall ignoring the flexural response, and reinforced concrete elements for beam or beam-column member are modelled by a finite plastic hinge zone model. An experimental study of reinforced concrete frames with in-filled HPFRCC panels was also carried out and the analysis model was verified with correlation studies of experimental results.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2001년도 Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Meeting of Yellow Sea Environment
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• pp.6-10
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• 2001

Distribution characteristics, variation patterns and affecting factors of hetorotrophic bacteria were studied from April to May 1999 in Bohai Sea by standard Acridine Orange epifluorescence microscopy (AO method). The biomass in surface waters showed a small day-night variation, varying from 0.13-2.51$\mu\textrm{m}$$.$dm$\^$-3/ with an average of 0.84 $\mu\textrm{m}$$.$dm$\^$-3/. The biomass in bottom waters showed, however, a large variation, changing from 0.15-4.18 $\mu\textrm{m}$$.$dm$\^$-3/ with an average of 1.36 $\mu\textrm{m}$$.$dm$\^$-3/. The peak values were obtained at 5 and 11 am. The bottom water biomass showed a significant correlation with particulate organic carbon (r=0.639, p<0.05). Heterotrophic bacteria showed high biomass in nearshore waters and low values in offshore areas with a high biomass zone around Yellow Sea river mouth, which was consistent with the distribution of nutrients. The vertical distribution of heterotrophic bacteria showed biomass in bottom waters was higher than in surface water. The biomass of heterotrophic bacteria in Bohai Sea was similar with that in other marine waters.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.76-88
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• 1997

Constant .DELTA.K fatigue crack growth rate experiments were performed by applying an intermediate single and multiple overload for structural steel, SM45C. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of multiple overloads at various stress intensity factor ranges and the effect of statistical variability of crack retardation behavior. The normalized delayed load cycle, delayed crack length and the minimum crack growth rate are increased with increasing baseline stress intensity factor range when the overload ratio and the number of overload application were constant. The crack retardation under low baseline stress intensity factor range increases by increasing the number of overload application, but the minimum crack growth rate decreases by increasing the number of overload application. A strong linear correlation exists between the minimum crack growth rate and the number of overload applications. And, it was observed that the variability in the crack growth retardation behavior are presented, the probability distribution functions of delayed load cycle, delayed crack length and crack growth life are 2-parameter Weibull. The coefficient of variation of delayed load cycle and delayed crack length for the number of 10 overload applications data are 14.8 and 9.2%, respectively.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand the timing of Gentrification by the study through the analysis of licensing data for food service businesses under the correlation with regional policies and systems. In addition, by analyzing the change in location patterns of the food service business in the district unit plan zones, the cause, development patterns and regional differences were identified. Starting with the Seoul hanok declaration in 2008, the approval of the food service business began to increase, and the floating population increased with the restoration of the Suseong Valley in 2012, and the concentration of food service business increased significantly on the waterway (Jahamun-ro 7-gil). Since the designation of Ikseon-dong as an urban environment readjustment zone in 2004, the approval of new food service business has been very low until around 2014, when the cooperative establishment committee is dissolved, and as the district unit plan for the preservation of hanok and regional management is being established, the number of new permits has exploded to date and restaurants in hanok conservation zones has been active.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2023

We analyzed data of endangered mammals in the 1st grade zone of the Ecological and Natural Map of Korea that were obtained through 202 field surveys over six years. Five endangered mammal species were identified including otters, long-tailed gorals, martens, leopard cats, and flying squirrels. The total number of habitat traces collected was 918, of which 897 traces (97.7%) were excrement types. The total surveyed distance was 697.7 km and there were 2,184 grids of 250×250 m each. Of these grids, 441 or 20.2% were confirmed as habitats of endangered mammals. Moreover, we analyzed results of repeated surveys in the same area by converting them into individual one-time surveys, accounting for 23.1% of the total area. The flying squirrel showed a low correlation with the frequency of field surveys but showed many habitats in a specific season. Leopard cats and martens were correlated with the frequency of field surveys. Results of analysis confirm that the grid method used for establishing the Ecological and Natural Map is unsuitable for the habitat division of flying squirrels, otters, leopard cats, and martens, and it does not reflect the actual habitats of these four species. Therefore, we propose that the concept of the habitat grid of species must be reevaluated and improved, specifically for endangered mammals.